Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Tesis

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    Association between nutritional status, frailty domains, physical activity, physical fitness, emotional status and quality of life with sarcopenia among older adults in Kelantan.
    (2024-10)
    Ganggaya, Keerthana Sree
    Sarcopenia is a disease that affects health, functional independence and the quality of life among older adults which leads to adverse effects like falls, physical disability, hospitalization and mortality. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the association between frailty domains, nutritional status, physical fitness, physical activity, emotional status, cognitive function and well-being of older adults with sarcopenia. This crosssectional study involved 287 community-dwelling older adults in Kelantan aged 60 and above, recruited through simple random sampling. The data collected were entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Data on socio-demography, sleep quality, supplement intake, geriatric syndrome, medical history, self-rated health status, frailty domains, cognitive function, functional limitation, physical activity, anthropometry, body composition, blood pressure, handgrip strength, physical fitness, emotional status, quality of life and sarcopenia were obtained through interview administered method. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with sarcopenia. The prevalence of possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 59%, 9% and 14% respectively which was higher in men than in women (p = 0.029). A total of 84.0% of sarcopenic subjects were underweight while 46.7% of possible sarcopenia subjects were overweight which could lead to sarcopenic obesity. Significant association was found between physical frailty and sarcopenia (p <0.001) but not social frailty (p = 0.227) and cognitive frailty (p = 0.345). Significant association was found between sarcopenia and poor nutritional status, lack of physical fitness and cognitive function. However, no significant association was found between sarcopenia, emotional status and quality of life among older adults in Kelantan. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, gender, smoking and education years, the factors associated with sarcopenia were muscle mass, gait speed, sit-to-stand test and physical frailty were found to be factors associated with sarcopenia. Approximately, more than half of the community-dwelling older adults in this study had possible sarcopenia (59 %). Therefore, older adults should be educated on the steps to prevent sarcopenia via healthy eating, exercising, emotional stress management and involvement in voluntary activities.
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    Investigation of quercus infectoria (qi) methanolic extract cytotoxicity effect on glioma and neural stem cell.
    (2016)
    Nasarudin, Mohamad Amirul Imran Mohd
    Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of brain cancer. Current standard treatment are limited in effectiveness and impose additional side effect. Quercus infectoria (QI) was reported to be anti-carcinogenic and exhibit inherent antioxidant activity. This study evaluated the effect of QI extract on GBM cell line (DBTRG-05MG) and neural stem cell line (H9-hNSC). Soxhlet extraction was performed using 70% and 100% methanol solvent. Antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH free radicals scavenging assay. Cells were cultured and optimal extract concentration was determined via MTT assay. The genomic and proteomic analysis of the Ql-treated cells were performed using real-time PCR and Western Blot respectively. We observed that 100% methanolic QI extract (100%-Met) produced significantly higher yield (78.46%) compared to 70% methanolic QI extract (70%- Met) (43.7%). Despite not significant, 100%-Met showed higher antioxidant activity compared to 70%-Met (94.62% vs 91.33%). 100%-Met (1C5o:70.76 pg/ml) and 70%-Met (ICso:71.55 pg/ml) were found to show anti-DBTRG-05MG proliferation. Following treatment, DBTRG-05MG showed reduced cancer cell marker (PKM2) gene expression. CASP3 gene, a key player in apoptotic pathway was expressed significantly higher in 100%- Met-treated DBTRG-05MG compared to non-treated group. However, CASP3 expression in 100%-Met-treated H9-hNSC was not significantly different to the non-treated control, indicating QI extract did not possess apoptotic effect on H9-hNSC. Similarly, Western Blot analysis produced clear band at 35 kDA which represent caspase-3 protein for treated DBTRG-05MG, but absent in treated H9-hNSC and non-treated control. In conclusion, QI extract is a potential anti-cancer drug with negative cytotoxicity response towards non cancerous cell such as NSCs. Further study is warranted to elucidate the precise effect of reduction ofCD133 expression on H9-hNSC activity and cell integrity.