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- PublicationDevelopment of a mobile phone application for vehicle collision detection with iot system(2023-08)Thousands of people have lost their lives due to road accidents, and some of these deaths could have been prevented if rescue units were notified earlier. Researchers and scientists have made efforts in the automotive industry to promote vehicular communication, but this may make it difficult for people to afford the high prices and maintenance fees of these vehicles. Nevertheless, with the widespread popularity of mobile phones and the growing coverage of internet services, researchers have started to utilise them for vehicular collision detection. However, there is still a lack of dedicated car crash detection features on most smartphone models, limited availability of this technology worldwide, and problems with the performance of the available models. The accuracy of the available models is affected by false positives such as sudden stop of vehicle and phone dropping. This project uses the mobile phones of automobile drivers to act as collision detection units with a mobile application developed using Android Studio. The accelerometer of the phone is used to detect collisions by monitoring the changes in acceleration; GPS is used to detect the location of collisions; internet access is used to store and obtain information through a Firebase Realtime Database; and SMS messaging is used to inform the emergency contact. The functionalities of the features stated has been tested, and the performance of the system using 4 g threshold value to filter out phone drops as false positives has passed with an accuracy of 80%. This system has the potential to contribute to road safety and human health by facilitating rescue operations and reducing the number of preventable losses.
- PublicationDeveloping an auto-size system to hold the different sizes of pcb(2023-07)Western Digital (WD) uses pallet system for holding solid state drive’s (SSD) printed circuit boards (PCBs) in their assembly line for automated assembly process. The existing pallet system used by WD is fixed in size, requiring the creation of new pallet designs whenever PCB sizes change, leading to increased costs and production downtime. This thesis addresses the need for an auto-size system to accommodate different sizes of PCBs in the assembly process of SSDs. The objective of this project is to develop an electromechanical system using linear actuators to set the handles on the pallet to the correct coordinates for holding various PCB sizes. The project involved investigating possible substitutions for the PCB assembly pallet, designing, and fabricating the system components, and developing a control system for accurate positioning. Experimental testing demonstrated the system's precision and accuracy in accommodating PCB sizes within the specified range. Additionally, suggestions for future improvements, such as integrating machine learning for PCB size determination and using more robust materials for enhanced precision and longevity, were discussed. The successful development of the auto-size system offers significant potential for optimizing production processes, reducing costs, and increasing productivity in the manufacturing of SSDs.
- PublicationDeveloping a high-speed ripple carry adder with fault detection and localization(2023-08)Adder is the most important unit in ALU as addition is used in many operations. Ripple-carry adder (RCA) is one of the most common types of adders. However, its low speed limits the application. In this thesis, a high-speed parallel RCA (PRCA) along with fault detection and localization is designed, by combining the salient features of Carry Select Adder (CSA) and carry look-ahead adder (CLA). Besides, the first carry-in bit for each block is generated by a carry look-ahead logic (CLL) to reduce the propagated delay. The proposed design is divided into blocks and the schematic design of each block is constructed by using Quartus II. The design module is created by using Synopsys tools and written in Verilog language. The compilation and synthesis of logic design is done on Design Compiler (DC). The results can be observed from the reports generated by the tool.
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- ItemPotential of stingless bee honey in modulating skin ageing of human dermal fibroblast cells(Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2021-01)Skin is the visible indicator of ageing. During ageing, the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the increasing of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production that causes collagen degradation. Increasing formation of ROS can be prevented by antioxidants such as stingless bee honey. Stingless bee honey is a good source of natural antioxidants that might delay skin ageing. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the potential roles of stingless bee honey on the modulation of skin ageing in human dermal fibroblast cells. The optimum concentration and incubation time of stingless bee honey were determined using MTS assay, while lipid peroxidation analysis was quantitated using flow cytometer. Gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and collagen type I (COL1A1) were analysed using real time RT-PCR. Results showed that the concentration of stingless bee honey at 0.02% for 72 hours incubation significantly increased the viability of human dermal fibroblast cells compared to untreated cells. Treatment with 0.02% of stingless bee honey for 72 hours also showed significant upregulation of COL1A1 expression in senescent human dermal fibroblast cells and downregulation of MMP-1 expression in both pre-senescent and senescent human dermal fibroblast cells. However, no significant changes were observed on lipid peroxidation analysis in both pre-senescent and senescent human dermal fibroblast cells when treated with stingless bee honey. In conclusion, this study suggested that stingless bee honey beneficially delayed skin ageing through downregulation of MMP-1 expression and potentially promotes collagen synthesis through upregulation of COL1A1 expression in human dermal fibroblast cells.
- ItemThe development of on-board communication system for a cubesat(2019-06)People sent satellite to the outer space with their own unique missions which gives benefits in return. Now a IU CubeSat has been chosen widely due to its size, compatibility, and very low in cost compared to other traditional satellites. There are many subsystems that contribute to the development of a CubeSat which are power system, payload, thermal, computer system, structure, on board data handling and communication. On board communication system is very crucial in making sure that the CubeSat can operates well. In order for the satellite to achieve its mission, the communication system is important for sending the command from ground station to the satellite and sending the data to the ground station. Since the mission of MYSat is to measure the electron-density in ionosphere E-layer, the data need to be collected to the ground station for further analysis. No communication system means no transmission data will happened and the mission will be unachievable. Command and data handling system also work together with the communication system, as the data will be transmitted to the ground station. The developing process of this CubeSat called MYSat includes in determining the design parameters, conduct experiments involving basic of Morse code for CubeSat, and test and propose RF Transmitter and Receiver 433MHz for on-board communication system for CubeSat. From the findings, the RF Transmitter and Receiver 433MHZ can be used for CubeSat since it operates at real frequency for amateur radio.
- ItemMOTIVATION AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS AND KPI RESULTS: ACROSS CULTURAL COMPARISON BETWEEN MALAYSIAN AND BRAZILIAN EMPLOYEES(2011)[s research is to understand the mediation effect of Hygiene-Motivators towards 1tionship between Big Five Personality dimensions and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) sults across cultural comparison between Malaysian and Brazilian employees. About 1dred thirty eight (138) employees from Company "X" have been surveyed to get their ponses on their personality, motivation and KPI results for the past six (6) months of their rk. Hypotheses are used for this study through factor analysis, multiple regressions and tor comparative analysis. The outcome of the study found that the big five personality nensions which are agreeableness, conscientiousness, opetmess to experience, extroversion :1 neuroticism, have different relationships between Malaysian and Brazilian employees but 1erally has hygiene-motivators factor mediating its relationship with KPI Results. )tivators have full mediating role to the relationship for employees from both countlies. en though the result of the research has met the objectives but there is still opportunity to ~and the scope on theory and practical in future research.
- PublicationCryptographic Authentication-Based Mechanism For Securing Secs/Gem Communications For Industry 4.0 Manufacturing(2023-04)This thesis proposes SECS/GEM Security Mechanism (SGSM) that offers authentication, integrity, and protection against cyber-attacks. The proposed mechanism is compared with the standard SECS/GEM, Secured SECS/GEM, and SECS/GEMsec mechanisms in terms of processing time, control overhead, and resilience against cyber-attacks. The SGSM exhibited promising results, indicating that it effectively enabled SECS/GEM devices to only communicate with authorized industrial equipment, maintained message integrity, discarded forged messages, and prevented attacks such as Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, Replay attacks, and False-Data-Injection-Attack (FDIA) attacks launched on SECS/GEM communications.
- ItemA Study Of Choice Preference Of Numbers Gambling Using The Theory Of Reasoned Action(2001-05)This research was carried out to study choice preference of numbers gamblers to buy from illegal operators. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors that influence numbers gamblers toward their preference for the illegal operators by exploring the buyers beliefs, attitudes and behavioural intention. The model adopted was the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as proposed by Fishbein and Ajzen (1975). This research also serves to test the applicability of the TRA in predicting choice decision of numbers buyers. Questionnaire survey was used in this research. Nonprobability convenient sampling was used with 400 sets of questionnaire distributed . and a total of 198 completed questionnaire returned for analysis. The findings of this study indicates that the TRA could be used in predicting , choice decision of numbers buyers by explaining 58.8 percent of the variance in the intervening variable, intention to select the operator type. It was also determined that the subjective norm component has a higher predictive power than the attitudinal component. Of the two elements in the normative components, closest friend factor was determined to be more influential. In the corresponding attitudinal components, the more influential elements, (in descending order) are convenience, trusted operator, flexible games and risk. Results of this study indicate that there are about equal number of people who prefer legal and illegal operators. Those in the younger age group are more likely to buy from the illegal operators. Generally those who prefer the illegal operators, buy more often and spend more on bets. Although many western researchers have concluded that gambling is gaining acceptance, it will nevertheless remain a controversial issue. However, although this study is not designed to gauge the extent of the illegal market, it nevertheless provide some insight into the prevalence of this under ground industry. If proven true, this will represent a great challenge to the legal operators and regulating authorities, in terms of loss market share and tax revenue.