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- PublicationCell surface phenotype of lipopolysaccharides-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells-derived microparticles(2016)Monocytic microparticles (mMP) can be defined as a heterogeneous population of small vesicles with approximate size 0.1 to 1 gm derived from peripheral blood monocytes. Notable elevated levels of circulating microparticles (MP) have been observed in various clinical states, and are significantly associated with disease severity. Previous studies suggest that MP express phosphatidylserine (PS) which contribute in inflammation process. Their release is enhanced by cell injury, cell activation, or apoptosis and can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. MP display phenotypic and cytosolic compositions that resemble their parental cells. However, study on mMP is limited. To date, the characterization of cell surface mMP is unclear. In this study, we intended to characterize mMP by measuring cell surface expression of mMP including CD 14, CD 16 and PS as well as comparing the level of mMP secretion between stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC were cultured in the presence or absence of LPS for 18 and 24 hours. Monocytic MP secretion was assessed in the supernatants using anti-human CD 14, anti-human CD 16 and Annexin-V. Meanwhile, stimulated PBMC was assessed in culture pellet using anti-human CD14, anti-human CD16, and anti-human CD1 lb. All analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Our experimental data showed that CD 14 and Annexin-V marker were clearly detected on mMP. In contrast, CD 16 marker was undetectable. We observed that mMP production was proportional to stimulation period. LPS-slimulated PBMC secreted higher level of mMP compared to unstimulated PBMC when cultured for 18 and 24 hours. Cell viability of stimulated PBMC remains unchanged. In addition, changes in mean fluorescense intensity 'AM1T of all markers in unstimulated PBMC was higher than stimulated PBMC. These finding suggest that Annexin-V in combination with CD 14 are the potential cell surface markers for mMP detection, while we confirmed that LPS down-regulate the expression of CD 14, CD 16 and CD 1 1 b on stimulated PBMC.
- PublicationDetermination of total fat and fatty acids composition in selected infant formula and follow up formula available in Malaysia.(2016)Infant formula and follow up formula is one of the main nutritional sources for infants and children. In this study, the total fat and fatty acid compositions of infant formula (n=6) and follow up formula (n=6) were analyzed. Fats were extracted using the Folch et al (1957) method. and fatty acid compositions (group and individual) were analyzed by gas chromatography. In infant formulas, saturated fatty acid (SFA) (1.442~20.715%), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (1.64o~lu.o84%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (60.345-73.065%) were the major group of fatty acids detected. Follow up formula products contained 2.319-26.321% of total SFA content, whereas the content of MUFA and PUFA ranged from 0.712-17.774% and 44.258-91.406% respectively. In addition, the range of DHA in infant and follow up formula were 3.487-6.084% and 0.516-15.373% respectively. About 1.624- 4.456% of linoleic acid/linolenic acid was detected in the analyzed products (infant and follow up formula). A small amount of trans fatty acids (2.626-10.144%) were also detected in both infant anf follow up formula.
- PublicationImpaired conciousness and quality of life among post-traumatic brain injury patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.(2016)Traumatic brain injury is defined as a disruption in the normal function of the brain that can be caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury. Impaired consciousness is the first change in a client who traumatic brain injury. Clients that had TBI may experience impaired consciousness as well as affect their quality of life. The objective of this study is to assess the association between impaired consciousness and quality of life among post-traumatic brain injury patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional survey using a set of self-administered questionnaire from the Quality of Life after Brain Injury Tool. This study was conducted by follow-up telephone survey. A total of 55 respondents were involved in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and Chi-Square test was used to analyze descriptive data. A total of 56.4% (n=31) reported that majority of the participants were from 18-39 years old. Majority of respondents were male patients ,45(81.8%). Most of the respondents had high severity of TBI 16 (100%) had low quality of life and mild severity of TBI 16 (76.2%) had high quality of life. This study revealed that there was a significant association between the severity of TBI and quality of life (^>=0.000), while there were no significant association between location of TBI and quality of life (/?=0.532) , there were not significant association between selected demographic data age (p=0.443) and gender (p=0.286) with quality of life among post TBI patients at Hospital USM. In conclusion, post-traumatic brain injury patients with severe injury experienced low quality of life.
- PublicationAwareness on the impact of instant noodles consumptions among undergraduate Students In Health Campus, USM.(2016)Instant noodle is a highly processed food that lacks nutritive value. It had consumed by people nowadays due to reasonable price, tasty and easy to serve. Instant noodle consumption become rise and it also have the impact on health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and awareness level on the impact of instant noodles consumption among undergraduate students in health campus, USM. A cross-sectional design was used in this study. Two hundred thirty two (232) students were recruited in this study by cluster random sampling of undergraduate students in health campus, USM from January until February 2016. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 for windows and Stata software 13. Pearson Chi Square, Fisher’s Exact Test and One-way Anova analyses were conducted to explore the association between socio-demographic characteristic, health history and instant noodles consumption. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. One hundred twenty six respondents (54.3%) reported rare instant noodles consumption with moderate (mean=3.94) awareness level on the impact of instant noodle. 142 of respondent were categorized in normal body mass index (BMI), 20.3% of respondent underweight and 3.4% of respondent were obese. There was a significant association between gender and parental attention with prevalence of instant noodles consumption. Burning sensation on stomach (23.7%), bloating and irregular bowel movement (23.3%) and headache (18.1%) were the symptoms presented by respondents after consumed instant noodle. This study revealed the prevalence and awareness on the impact instant noodles consumption among students in health campus was moderate. The findings of the present study indicate a need for health education and promotion on impact of instant noodle to health and healthy nutrition to improve understanding about impact of instant noodles to health committee and public
- PublicationAwareness towards osteoporosis among patient’s female relatives in orthopaedic wards at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM)(2016)The level of awareness towards Osteoporosis is still low. The purpose for this crosssectional study is to determine the level of awareness towards Osteoporosis among patient’s female relatives in orthopaedic wards. This study also examined the differences between the level of awareness and the level of education as well as determined the relationship between age and the level of awareness. The subjects included 94 patient’s female relatives in the three orthopaedic wards at Hospital USM. They were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected from December 2015 until February 2016 using Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool (OPAAT). The data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 for mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, /2-value and r-value. Ethical approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committee (Human), USM. The overall awareness level towards Osteoporosis among patient’s female relatives was low (Af=14.95, SD=5A73). The majority of the female relatives got low awareness on the Osteoporosis in general (AY=4.87, 5D=2.324), consequences of Osteoporosis (Af=2.68, 50=1.255) and Osteoporosis prevention (A/=7.41, 50=3.303). The study found that there were significant differences between the level of education and the level of awareness among the female relatives with P = 0.017. Finally, there is positive but weak relationship between the age and the level of awareness among the female relatives with r = 0.027. Action should be taken to increase the awareness towards Osteoporosis among female relatives. In order to make sure the programme is effective, proper planning for health educational programme on Osteoporosis should be done. The expert health practitioner should be assigned so that the programme is beneficial.
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- PublicationSimulation on chip scale packaging(2000-01-01)Simulasi ialah satu proses dimana ia akan menyerupai keadaan yang sebenar iaitu mewujudkan keadaan yang sebenar. Simulasi terhadap pembungkusan berskala chip adalah untuk mendapatkan maklumat tanpa membuat eksperimen terhadap chip sebenar.Ia dapat menjimatkan masa dan juga mengurangkan kos.Perisian yang digunakan ialah I-DEAS dan ANSYS. Simulasi menjadi sumber terpenting dalam untuk mendapatkan maklumat yang sebenar. Simulasi terhadap SOC lead frame CSP. Keputusan yang didapati daripada eksperimen ialah perubahan suhu dan tegasan normal pada pembungkus tersebut. Keputusan tersebut adalah sangat penting kerana cip akan beroperasi secara maksimum pada suhu tertentu. Jika suhu cip adalah melebihi suhu tersebut maka operasi cip akan berkurangan .Maka dengan simulasi kita mampu mengetahui apa yang yang berlaku pada cip sebenar.
- ItemHeat Dissipation Enhancement Using Staggered Fin Heat Sink(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2022-07-24)The current study focuses on the computational evaluation of the heat dissipation of staggered plate fin heat sinks (PFHS). The simulation setup consists of an aluminium alloy 6061 heat sink exposed to impinging air flow with Reynolds number in the range of 1333 to 5334 at 25 ℃. A constant heat flux of 18750 𝑊𝑚−2 is applied at the bottom surface of the heat sink. A parametric study is carried out to study the influences of the geometric and flow parameters on the heat sink performance. The results show that the staggered PFHS shows a lower thermal resistance and higher pumping power required as compared with the conventional PFHS. Among the inclination angles studied involving θ = 0˚, 30˚, 60˚, 90˚, alternating 30˚, and alternating 60˚, the staggered PFHS with θ = 90˚ shows the highest increase in both Nusselt number and pumping power required in comparison to the conventional PFHS, whereas configuration with θ = 0˚ yields the best trade-off between Nusselt number and pumping power required. Alternating the θ = 30˚ and θ = 60˚ configurations result in better heat dissipation performance of the heat sink in comparison to that without alternation, albeit with an increase in the pumping power required. As 𝑆𝐿/𝐿 increases from 0.81 to 1, the thermal resistance of the heat sink decreases slightly while the pumping power of the heat sink increases. The longitudinal fin pitch of the heat sink has no significant effect on its trade-off between Nusselt number and pumping power required. As compared with the staggered PFHS with wall, the no wall configuration exhibits a slightly lower thermal resistance but a lower average Nusselt number. The no wall configuration shows a lower pumping power required, as well as a better trade-off performance between Nusselt number and pumping power.
- Item2 years audit of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed in Hospital USM and factors related to conversion(Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2018)Introduction: The gold standard for treatment of symptomatic gallstone disease is laparoscopic cholecystectomy which has nowadays replaced open surgery. However around 2-15% of the laparoscopic cases need to be converted to open cholecystectomy for various reasons but it should be noted that conversion to open is neither a failure nor a complication of the surgery but it is just to prevent further complication and for the safety of the patient. Objectives: This study aimed to report number of cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed within 2 years in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, determine the conversion rate and associate this conversion to demographics and patient risk factors which were preoperative ALT, ALP, WCC, ultrasound findings of gallbladder wall thickness, presence of gallstones and postoperative histopathological report. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from October 2013 to December 2015. The sample size was calculated using the single proportion formula with a drop out rate of 20%. Patients included in this study were those who were above 18 years of age undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia within the time period mentioned above. The exclusioncriteria were patients less than 18 years, cases suspected or confirmed malignancy, those with incomplete data records, emergency surgeries and finally those cases of laparoscopiccholecystectomies combined with other surgeries under the same setting. The patients’ data were collected from their records and statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Univariate analysis, Chi-squared test and multivariate analysis for multiple logistic regression were done with a p-value of <0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: The number of patients fulfilling the inclusion/exclusion criteria involved in this study was 122. The conversion rate of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy was found to be 11.5%. The mean age of patients in this study was 50.4 years with majority females (70.5%) and of malay race (91.8%). The patients were divided into 2 groups (laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic converted to open cholecystectomy) and further statistical analysis was performed. Independent T test used to compare the mean of numerical variables showed no statistically significant difference in age (p = 0.165), preoperative WCC (p = 0.725), ALP (p = 0.078), ALT (p = 0.176). Univariate analysis based on simple logistic regression and multiple logistic regression were also done and noted only gallbladder wall thickness > 4mm to be statistically significant risk factor for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy with a p-value of 0.007. Other variables did not give statistically significant results. Ultimately the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.678 (95% CI; 0.52,0.84) which indicates satisfactory discriminating power. Conclusion: In this study, the conversion rate of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for elective cases is 11.5% which is within the acceptable range of 2-15%. Furthermore, based on multiple logistic regression analysis, preoperative gallbladder wall thickness >4mm on ultrasound is the only statistically significant risk factor for conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy (p-value=0.007, adjusted OR=0.21, 95% CI: 0.07,0.65).
- ItemPerak Shimbun September 06 2605 (06 September 1945).(1945-09-06)
- ItemQuality of life among patients with schizophrenia attending psychiatric clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.(Pusat Pengajian Sain Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2010)Quality of life assessments assist greatly in understanding the impact of illness and healthcare on patients' general well being, especially in the care of chronic mental patients. This intum helps to identify the specific interventions needed to improve their quality of life. Quality of life is assessed in broad range of different domains and is known to be associated with various factors. The aim of this study is to detennine the subjective quality of life and its association with socio demographic and clinical factors, and level of function among patients living with schizophrenia in community. A cross sectional study was conducted on 206 stable patients with schizophrenia living in community under psychiatric outpatient clinic, HUSM from 1st May to 31st October 2008. Systematic random sampling was applied and consented respondents were interviewed using Socio demographic and Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire. Brief version of Lehman's Quality of Life Interview - validated Malay Version was used to assess subjective quality of life, Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia for depressive symptoms, Personal and Social Performance Scale for level of function and Positive and Negative Symptom Severity of Schizophrenia scale for psychiatric symptoms. Descriptive analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were appropriately used for statistical analysis. Majority of the study participants were Malay (96.1% ), single ( 67.5% ), unemployed ( 62.6% ), educated until secondarary level (72.8%) with a family income of less than RM 500 per month ( 48.5% ). The mean age at first treatment is 24.6 (SD 8.9) years old. The median of both overall duration of illness and receiving treatment were 10 years (IQR 10). Majority were on monotherapy with atypical antipsychotics (57.3%), had mild psychiatric symptoms while a small number had depression (26.7%). Many had mild (45.6%) to moderate (53.9%) difficulties in functioning. Regarding the subjective quality of life, most participants were satisfied in every domain of quality of life even though concern was raised in social relations domain where nearly half perceived it as low. The significant associated factors for subjective quality of life were general psychopathology (OR=l.20, 95% CI=l.05,1.37) and depressive symptoms (OR=2.36, 95% CI=l.09, 5.07). Other socio demographic and clinical factors, and level of function were not significantly associated with subjective quality of life. The subjective quality of life among patients with schizophrenia living in community under follow-up at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was perceived as satisfactory. The quality of life is strongly associated with the general psychopathology and severity of depressive symptoms.