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- PublicationKnowledge and attitude toward menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among healthcare workers In Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)(2025-08)Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective treatments for managing menopausal symptoms. Yet, it remains underutilized due to concerns about its safety and a lack of understanding among healthcare professionals. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers regarding menopause and HRT at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM), and to examine the association between sociodemographic factors with knowledge and attitude levels. A total of 96 healthcare workers, including doctors and nurses from various departments, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests using SPSS version 27.0. The results showed that the majority of participants had a moderate level of knowledge (62.2%) and a moderate level of attitude (73.3%) towards HRT. Only 32.7% had high knowledge and 23.8% showed highly positive attitudes. The analysis revealed no significant association between sociodemographic factors and knowledge. However, both professional position and department were significantly associated with attitude levels (p < 0.001), with doctors and those in Obstetrics and Gynecology showing more favorable attitudes. These findings highlight the need for continuous education and updated clinical guidelines to improve healthcare workers’ understanding and confidence in managing menopausal care using HRT.
- PublicationKnowledge and prevention practice toward hypoglycemia among diabetic patients using insulin injection in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia(2025-08)This study aimed to assess the knowledge and prevention practices toward hypoglycemia among diabetic patients using insulin injections at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). Hypoglycemia, a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication of insulin therapy, remains inadequately understood by many patients. A cross-sectional design was used involving 185 respondents attending the outpatient clinics at Klinik Pakar Perubatan (KPP) and Klinik Rawatan Keluarga (KRK). Data were collected through a validated, self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Pearson correlation in SPSS Version 28. The findings showed that 54.1% of participants had low knowledge levels, and 58.4% demonstrated low levels of prevention practices. There was a significant association between knowledge and preventive practices (p < 0.05), and sociodemographic factors such as age, education level, and household income were significantly associated with both outcomes. The study highlights a pressing need for structured diabetes education programs tailored to improve knowledge and promote effective self-care practices to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia among insulin-using diabetic patients.
- PublicationNurses’ knowledge and attitude towards depression in Hospital Pakar USM(2025-08)Depression is a common yet often underrecognized mental health condition that significantly affects patient outcomes. Nurses, as frontline healthcare providers, play a crucial role in identifying and managing patients with depression. However, inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes among nurses may hinder early detection and appropriate care. This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes toward depression among nurses at Hospital Pakar USM and to determine whether there is an association between these two variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 304 nurses using a validated self-administered questionnaire. The instrument used in this study was the Depression Knowledge and Attitude Questionnaire adopted from Ahmed et al. (2024), consisting of 11 knowledge items and 18 attitude items. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the overall levels of knowledge and attitude, while a chi-square test was used to examine the association between the two. Results revealed that although all respondents had heard about depression, only (32.2%) of respondents demonstrated good knowledge, while (67.8%) of respondents had poor knowledge. In terms of attitude, (81.6%) of the respondents displayed a poor attitude toward depression. Common misconceptions about causes, treatments, and the nature of depression were observed. The chi-square test showed no statistically significant association between knowledge and attitude (χ² = 0.382, p = 0.537). These findings indicate that while awareness is high, both knowledge and attitude remain inadequate. Moreover, the lack of significant association suggests that improving knowledge alone may not be enough to shift attitudes. Therefore, continuous mental health training, education programs, and stigma-reduction efforts are recommended to enhance nurses’ competence and compassionate care in mental health settings.
- PublicationKnowledge and self-efficacy regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation among caregivers in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia(2025-08)Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a vital life-saving skill that can significantly increase a person’s chances of survival after a cardiac arrest. In hospital settings, caregivers are often among the first to respond in such emergencies, making their readiness to perform CPR especially important. This study aimed to explore how much caregivers at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM) know about CPR and how confident they feel in performing it. It also looked at how age, gender, and education level might influence their confidence. significant impact on confidence (p = 0.001), with older caregivers generally feeling less assured. However, gender and education level did not show any significant effects. In summary, this study highlights the importance of CPR training, especially in improving both knowledge and confidence among caregivers. Targeted training particularly for older caregivers could help fill existing gaps and improve their ability to respond effectively in real-life emergencies. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 173 caregivers from five hospital wards. A validated questionnaire adapted from Gao et al. (2024), the Ministry of Health Malaysia (2016) and Ministry of Health Malaysia (2019) was used to assess both CPR knowledge and self-efficacy. The survey included 12 questions on CPR knowledge and 11 on self-efficacy, each rated on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression with SPSS Version 28.0. The results showed that caregivers had a moderate level of knowledge and confidence. Most felt comfortable recognizing cardiac arrest and taking initial steps like calling for help, but many were unsure about more technical aspects such as the correct chest compression rate or depth. A strong positive relationship was found between knowledge and self-efficacy (r = 0.851, p < 0.001), meaning that the more knowledgeable caregivers were, the more confident they felt. Age also had a
- PublicationKnowledge and attitude toward physical restraint of older patients among nurses in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)(2025-08)The use of physical restraints in healthcare settings, particularly for older adults, continues to raise ethical, psychological, and clinical concerns. Nurses play a pivotal role in the application and decision-making process related to physical restraints. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward the use of physical restraints for older patients in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving 120 registered nurses from medical and surgical wards. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire consisting of three sections: sociodemographic data, knowledge regarding physical restraints, and attitudes toward their use. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28.0. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the levels of knowledge and attitudes among nurses, while Pearson correlation was applied to explore the relationship between these two variables. The findings revealed that 49.2% of participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge, while 63.3% exhibited a neutral attitude toward the use of physical restraints. Pearson correlation analysis identified a statistically significant positive relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes (r = 0.329, p = 0.001). Therefore, these findings highlights the need for continuous training to support more ethical nursing practices.
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- ItemCiri-Ciri Kejuruteraan Dan Ketahanlasakan Terhadap Mortar Simen Berpolimer(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2011-04)Struktur konkrit tetulang merupakan struktur yang paling meluas digunakan dalam pembinaan pada hari ini. Dari segi itu, bahan komposit simen muncul sebagai bahan binaan yang paling utama dalam sektor binaan di seluruh dunia. Jadi, inovasi dalam pembentukan komposit simen memberikan inspirasi terhadap kajian ini. Objektif utama kajian ini adalah menganalisis kesan-kesan penambahan polimer ke dalam mortar dari segi ciri-ciri kejuruteraan dan ketahanlasakannya. Penyelidikan ini juga bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman kita tentang bagaimana penggunaan polimer dapat meningkatkan prestasi mortar dari segi kejuruteraan dan ketahanlasakannya.
- ItemKinetic Light Shelf Design And The Impacts On Daylighting Performance In Tropical Climate(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2021-01)This research aims to introduce an optimized office workspace that meets the sufficient daylight availability by using a manually controlled kinetic light shelf system. This research determines the light-shelf controlled parameters that can be manually adjusted and are applicable under tropical climate according to these variables: modified horizontal locations, height positions, external and internal parts depth, and external and internal parts tilt angles.
- ItemPeperiksaan Perkhidmatan Pegawai Tadbir N41 Kertas I 2 Mei 2018(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2018-05-02)Tarikh : 2 Mei 2018 (Rabu) Masa : 9.00 pagi – 12.00 tengahari (3 jam) Tempat : Kampus Induk, Kampus Kejuruteraan & Kampus Kesihatan
- ItemDentofacial characteristics of Malay patients with repaired cleft lip and palate in Kelantan(2005-11)Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital facial defect. Patients with CLP suffer from feeding, breathing, middle ear infections as well as psychosocial and other problems. The treatment requires interventions from multiple disciplines which start from the first day of life and continue up to the age of 20 to 21 years. Prolong treatment from birth to adulthood is expensive and is a burden for the patient, family and for the society. The facial development of CLP patients often does not follow usual development of growth even after corrective surgeries. Growth impairment becomes progressively apparent as patients reach maturity regardless of the mechanisms. Therefore, an understanding about the anomalies of dentofacial region is important as it determine the facial harmony and balance. This is essential to achieve the ideal goal of treatment of cleft patients. A cross-sectional comparative study was done by direct facial measurements, by measuring lateral cephalometry and dental cast of 75 treated cleft and 75 noncleft Malay subjects. The age range was from 8 to 40 years. The study subjects were divided into three age groups: children (8 to 12yrs), adolescent (13 to 18 yrs) and adult (19 to 40 yrs) of both genders. Results of this study revealed that the measurements of dental arch dimensions and the upper and lower incisors' relation to the respective plane of CLP patients were significantly different from that of the noncleft subjects of all age groups. The anterior-posterior arch length, transverse dimensions in inter canine region, inter second permanent premolar or deciduous second molar region, inter first permanent molar region and in angular measurements for upper and lower central incisors to the respective maxillary and mandibular plane were found significantly higher in noncleft groups in all ages (p<0.05). The philtrum width and skeletal anterior-posterior angular measurements were found significantly higher for the cleft subjects while the upper lip height was significantly higher for noncleft subjects among all age groups. The study further revealed that certain facial (nasal width, nasal, philtrum and upper anterior facial heights) and skeletal (anterior-posterior: Sella-Nasion-Point B, SNB and Point A-Nasion-Point B, ANB; vertical: Maxilla-mandibular angle, MMA and anterior lower facial height, ALFH) measurements were unique to children, adolescent and adult study subjects. These dentofacial characteristics of Malay patients with repaired cleft lip and palate in Kelantan, as revealed by the present study, would be useful to develop a more ideal treatment protocol. It will, therefore, contribute a better quality of life to the CLP patients, their families and the society.
- ItemERECTILE DYSFUNCTION PATIENTS IN INSTITUT UROLOGI & NEFROLOGI (IUN), HOSPITAL KUALA LUMPUR (HKL) AND CLINICAL TRIAL WITH TRANSURETHERAL ALPROSTADIL (MUSE®)(Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2001)The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors contributing towards erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients followed-up in the Institut Urologi & Nefrologi, Hospital Kuala Lumpur between 1st . March 1999 to 31st . August 1999. One hundred and fiftyfour patients were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 52.68 years. The youngest was 22 and the oldest was 76 year-old. Most were between the age of 45 and 65 year-old. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension played a major role as contributing factors in the overall study population. 45.4% of the patients have diabetes mellitus and 29.2% have hypertension. 41.5% of the patients have single contributing factor towards erectile dysfunction whereas 29.2% have two and 10.4% of the patients have three contributing factors. In 18.2% of the studied patients the cause of ED were unknown. In term of racial distribution, Malays contributed 48.7% of the study sample; Indian 25.3% and Chinese constitute about 22.1 %. 35 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the clinical trial with transurethral alprostadil (MUSE®). Thirty patients (85.6%) completed the in-clinic titration phase. Of these, 18 patients (60%) responded well to the MUSE® and they were sent home with the medication. However only 33.3% of patients completed the home phase. In conclusion, diabetes mellitus plays an important role in our patients with erectile dysfunction and MUSE® is one of the alternative treatment for such condition.