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- PublicationHalf-Dyon Solutions In Su(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs Theory And Weinberg-Salam Model(2025-04)Magnetic monopoles—hypothetical particles with single magnetic poles—challenge electromagnetic theories by suggesting electricity-magnetism symmetry. First integrated into quantum mechanics by Dirac and later supported by ’t Hooft and Polyakov in grand unified theories, they evolved with Cho and Maison’s electroweak monopole potentially producible in modern colliders due to its TeV-range mass. Our research expands previous work by examining half-integer topological charge for 𝑛 ≥ 1 with electric charge parameter 𝜂, introducing a new type of half-dyon carrying negative magnetic charge. We study generalized axially symmetric half-dyon solutions in SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs (YMH) theory with two distinct types: Type I (positive magnetic charge along negative 𝑧-axis) and Type II (negative magnetic charge along positive 𝑧-axis).
- PublicationThe Determinants Of Analyst Forecasting Accuracy In Pakistan(2025-06)The main objective of the study is to investigate the factors that influence the accuracy of financial analysts' forecasts in the context of the Pakistani market. This study examines the relationship between analyst-specific characteristics (analysts’ experience and CFA qualifications), firm-specific characteristics (earnings management and ownership concentration), and macroeconomic uncertainty on analyst forecast accuracy.
- PublicationMechanism Of Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down-Regulated 4-Like (Nedd4l) As A Tumour Suppressor By Degrading Yes-Associated Protein (Yap) In Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Hippo Pathway(2025-06)The objective of this study was to investigate the role and related-mechanism of NEDD4L in OSCC. Firstly, the mRNA expression level of NEDD4L in OSCC was evaluated using the TCGA database and Firebrowse database, which confirmed that NEDD4L was highly expressed in para-cancerous tissues compared with cancer tissues.
- PublicationInstitutional Logics And Management Control Practices In Csr Promotion In Chinese Smes: A Multiple Case Study Of Private Hospitals(2025-07)This thesis presents a multiple-case study of two private psychiatric hospitals in China, selected for their exposure to national healthcare reforms and their operational relevance within the under-researched yet rapidly growing private mental health sector in China. These hospitals recently integrated corporate social responsibility (CSR) into their management control packages (MCPs), in response to state-led healthcare reform promoting social value in healthcare under the ‘common prosperity’ ideology.
- PublicationPilot Study On Microbiota Profiling In Female Patient With Autoimmune Connective Tissue Disease From Hospital Putrajaya(2023-08)An autoimmune disease occur in human body when the immune system could not differentiate or recognise between foreign antigen and own cells and thus, attacks and destroys healthy cells and tissues in the own body. Autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) is a disease when the immune system affect the function and structure of connective tissues, such as joints, skin, eyes, gastrointestinal track, heart, and lungs mostly in female body. Gut micro biota play ab important role in human immune system by providing protection against pathibionts. However, imbalance of gnt microbiota occur in autoimmune patients resulting in curiosity whether the microbiome in the gut cause autoimmunity in the body or vice versa. This study therefore aimed to profile presence of gut microbiota in healthy versus autoimmune connective tissue disease (CTD) female patients. The stool samples and blood samples were collected from healthy and autoimmune patients and the DNA were extracted from stool samples using QIAamp PowerFecal Pro DNA kits. Furthermore, the extracted DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA next generation sequencing (NGS). The produced sequences was aligned and analysed using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) and the identified microbes was profiled using MicrobiomeAnalyst webserver and produced heatrnaps of healthy control and autoimmune patients. The comparison of heatrnaps between the healthy control and patients showed both category have high abundance of Blautia argi (prevalence 1.0) which indicate the patients does not have imbalance of Blautia argi and also it does not cause the autoimmunity in the patients body. Furthermore, compared to healthy control, patients have high abundance of Bifidobacterium, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae genera (prevalence 1.0) which is abnormal and may contribute to autoimmunity. High abundance in Streptococcus genera also found in patients samples that have molecular mimicry ability in producing II homologous proteins similar to human proteins which may contribute to development of autoimmunity. The current study showed only the heatrnaps that indicate the imbalance of gut microbiome in the patients samples, but, it does not provide the understanding or evidence of causes of imbalance, causes of autoimmunity or influence of gut microbes in immune system. Thus, gut microbiota in CTD patients from Hospital Putrajaya and healthy control have been profiled and it serve as fundamental to establish the correlation between autoimmune and gut dysbiosis among Malaysian population.
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- ItemFabrication Of Cw Co2 Laser For Indium Tin Oxide Annealing Study(2015-05)The objectives of this study are to design; construction and operation of the continuous wave CO2 laser system and its characterisation the effecting parameters pressure, current, and temperature on laser output power are discussed. The CW CO2 laser system parameters were (10 kV) voltage, current (18 mA) and (6 mbar) pressure of the gaseous mixture. It has a mix of gases of (CO2, N2, He) in a ratio of (10 %, 10 %, and 80 %), respectively. The cooling water temperature was (5 ). It was found that these parameters are the optimum to get the highest value for the CW CO2 laser system, which reached (54 watts), and the efficiency of this CW CO2 laser system reached (30 %). CW CO2 lasers, among the most efficient and powerful of all lasers, have many applications in industrial and medical fields. The properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films strongly depend on the temperature preparation condition, so we suggest using a CW CO2 laser beam for indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film annealing and study the effects on the structural, optical and electrical properties of thin film. ITO thin films are deposited on glass substrates by sputter coater system (RF) from a high density target (In2O3- SnO2, 90- 10 wt %). The base pressure of the chamber was 10−7 mbar. The ITO thin films have been prepared at power values 100 W. After deposition, ITO thin films have been irradiated by CW CO2 laser (λ= 10.6 μm). These films were annealed at different temperatures 250 , 350 and 450 using laser power 13 W, 19 W and 25 W respectively in the air for 20 minutes. On the other hand, study the effects of annealing using the conventional method (heat furnace) on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ITO thin film at different temperatures 250 , 350 , 450 and 550 . It was done for 1 hour in the air, and then comparison of annealing between a CW CO2 laser and the heat furnace using different ITO thicknesses of 200 nm and 400 nm. It was found that the annealing technique using the CW CO2 laser is superior to using the heat furnace. It was found that the highest average optical transmission was 90.1 98.2 (%) and the energy gap was 3.81 eV at thickness 200 nm using CW CO2 laser, and the highest grain size was 43.94 nm, the roughness was 4.92 nm, the lower resistivity was 2.9x10-4 Ω.cm and the lower sheet resistance was 7.3 Ω/sq at thickness 400 nm using CW CO2 laser.
- PublicationPengembangan standard operating procedures untuk kegiatan operational sistem hawa dingin dewan-dewan(2002-03-01)This project has been going on in order to produce standard operating procedures for the operating of centralized air conditioning system in all lecture halls in Northern University of Malaysia (UUM) in line with ISO 9000. Beside, this project will make sure centralized air conditioning system will run in a smooth manner without any major break down. All minor problems can be solved immediately which will not affect the users. This system will plan and identify specific job to be carried out in standard procedures with detail format. These will assist workers to understand jobs, activities and paper work to be done in a systematic ways. This standard system can be achieved with the proper order of work, control, maximum resources, training and motivation. It is very important that all parties involved make constructive decision with the given information so that centralized air conditioning system can operate smoothly.
- PublicationStudy On Cross-Cultural Connections Of Malaysia-China Shadow Puppet Through Iconological And Contextual Analyses(2025-02)This study explores the cross-cultural connections between malaysian wayang kulit and chinese shadow puppetry, focusing on their shared artistic features and unique cultural dimensions through iconological and contextual analyses. By conducting a comprehensive investigation, this research unveils the profound artistic essence of shadow puppetry, fostering a deeper understanding of these traditions and promoting their preservation and evolution. The study begins by tracing shadow puppetry's historical trajectory and development in both nations. Using meticulous document analysis, it examines the origins of shadow puppetry in malaysia and its evolution within china’s central plains. This exploration highlights the potential pathways through which chinese shadow puppetry influenced malaysian wayang kulit, shedding light on the intricate web of cultural exchange and interaction. An essential focus of this research is the analysis of cultural characteristics embedded in shadow puppetry. Employing panofsky’s iconological approach, the study identifies shared cultural metaphors and symbols in puppet designs, colours, and forms. Additionally, it applies malinowski’s contextual theory to understand the influence of cultural and situational contexts on the development and adaptation of shadow puppetry in both traditions.
- PublicationAn Enhanced Mechanism To Detect Drdos Attacks On Dns Using Adaptive Thresholding Technique(2023-03)Demand for cyberspace-enabled services has expanded dramatically in recent years, in lockstep with the global Internet user population expansion. This rising demand for these services has increased the number of cyber threats launched by attackers, as well as the diversity and sophistication of the attack strategies used to target those services. By exploiting DNS flaws, cyber attackers conduct a Distributed Reflection Denial of Service (DRDoS) attack. As a result, these types of attacks exploit the method, functionality, and operation of open DNS resolvers to compromise the DNS. Additionally, to intensify the attack by boosting the attack bandwidth to overwhelm the victim with a vast number of DNS answers. As a result, traditional mechanisms are incapable of detecting these types of cyberattacks. As a result, existing detection mechanisms are unable to detect these forms of cyber intrusions. Thus, this thesis presents a mechanism for detecting DRDoS attacks on DNS that is strengthened by the use of modified metaheuristic algorithms and adaptive thresholding techniques based on machine learning algorithms (EMDDMAT).