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    Enhancement Of Physicochemical And Functional Properties Of Rice Flour Noodles Using Combined Hydroccolloids
    (Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020-04)
    Muhammad, Lubowa
    Noodles are the main processed food product made from rice flour. However, fresh rice noodles have a weak structure, are generally fragile, sticky and easily collapse in overall structure upon high handling/temperature processing. They become soft, soggy and crumble into smaller pieces. This is a major compromise in sensory appeal. The objective of this study was to explore the use of various rice flour– hydrocolloid combinations for preparation of rice flour noodles with enhanced physicochemical and functional properties, which could enable them to withstand high handling and heat stresses without adverse effects on sensory properties. .
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    Crystallization Study Of Silicoaluminophosphate Zeolites Templated Using Pyridinium Cations And Their Catalytic Behaviors In Esterification Reactions
    (2025-06)
    Mohammad, Al Issa Jehad Mohdfathi
    This thesis presents three interconnected studies on the crystallization of SAPO zeolites. The first study investigates the crystallization of SAPO-11 under ionothermal conditions using 1-propylpyridinium bromide ([PPy]Br) as template. The effects of synthesis parameters are studied, and SAPO-11 with an acidic nature and high surface area is successfully synthesized after 133 h of heating at 150 °C. The second study explores the crystallization of SAPO-5 under hydrothermal conditions using 5-ethyl-2-methyl-1-propylpyridinium hydroxide ([empy]OH) new template, where H3PO4 and H4P2O7 are used as comparative P sources. Both crystallization processes are followed, and the effects of these P sources on the crystallization and structural properties of SAPO-5 are examined. The findings reveal that H3PO4 yields highly crystalline hierarchical SAPO-5 with high acidity, whereas H4P2O7 promotes nucleation, forming SAPO-5 nanoplates with textural mesoporosity. The third component focuses on the catalytic performance of synthesized SAPO zeolites.
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    Combined effects of oat bran supplementation and jogging exercise on body composition, blood lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory endurance in female university students.
    (2015)
    Hamzah, Muhammad Alif Ridzuan
    It is known that beta-glucan in oat bran could reduce level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increase high density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Meanwhile, aerobic exercise is known to be beneficial to improve body composition and increase maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). However, the additional combined effect of oat bran supplementation and aerobic exercise is still lacking. To investigate the effectiveness of combined oat bran supplementation and jogging exercise compared to oat bran supplementation alone or jogging exercise alone on body composition, lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory endurance in female university students. 48 female university students were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), oat bran supplementation alone (Ob), Exercise alone (Ex) and combined oat bran and exercise (ObEx) groups. Pre- and post tests were carried out to measure participants’ body anthropometry, body composition, blood lipid profiles and predicted VO2max. During the intervention period, participants in Ob and ObEx groups consumed oat bran daily for 6 weeks. Participants in ObEx consumed oat bran 1 hour before jogging exercise on the exercise days. Participants in Ex and ObEx groups carried out jogging exercise 3 days per week for 6 weeks. There were no significant changes in percentage body fat and fat free mass in all groups. Statistically, significant reductions in TC (-13.57%), TG (- 20.65%), LDL-C (-10.77%) and V02max (5.9%) were observed in ObEx group. In Ob group, there were significant reduction in TC (-11.42%) and LDL-C (- 9.16%). Similarly, significant reductions in TC (-9.43%) and LDL-C (-8.0%) were also observed in Ex group. ObEx group showed significant increase in VOsmax and the increase in VChmax was the highest among all the groups. Combination of oat bran supplementation and jogging exercise significantly reduced level of total cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, however did not affect high density lipoprotein cholesterol level. This combination also improved participant’s cardiorespiratory endurance. In general, the combination of oat bran and jogging exercise elicited more beneficial effects on blood lipid profiles and cardiorespiratory endurance compared to control, oat bran supplementation alone and exercise alone groups. Therefore, this combination can be recommended for improving lipid profiles and cardiovascular fitness in young female population.
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    MSG328 - Introduction to Modelling (Pengenalan Pemodelan)- Jun 2019
    (2019-06)
    Second Semester Examination 2018/2019 Academic Session June 2019 MSG328 - Introduction to Modelling (Pengenalan Pemodelan)
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    A STUDY OF THE PROFILE RISK, FACTORS AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER IN KELANTAN.
    (Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2001-11)
    NOORSAADAH, BACHOK
    Breast cancer is the commonest female cancer in the world with Malaysian prevalence of 86.2 per 100,000 women in 1996. There was an increasing trend of breast cancer mortality rate in Malaysia from 0.61 in 1983 to 1.8 per 100,000 populations in 1992. This study was aimed to identify profile, risk factors of breast cancer and to compare the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding breast cancer between cases and controls. A matched case-control study was carried out at hospitals in Kelantan. A standardized questionnaire was used to interview 147 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients and 147 controls. Controls were non-breast cancer patients who were matched for age and ethnicity of cases and non-malignant, non-gynaecologicaf, non-hormonal and non-endocrinological patients. Potential risk factors and score of knowledge, attitude and practice were initially analysed by simple conditional logistic regression and paired t test. Multiple conditional logistic regression modelling was later used to control potential confounding factors. The mean age of breast cancer patients was 46.3 :!: 9.3 years. The most common histological type was infiltrative ductal carcinoma (73%). Presentation at stage "' and VI was 60%. Factors contributing towards increased risk of breast cancer were nulliparity (Odds Ratio (OR) 42.6, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) 4.8-380.8), having one or two children (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), family history of breast cancer (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-12.8) and ever taken oral contraceptives (OC) (OR 2.8, 950/0 CI 1.4- 5.8). Cases had significantly better score of knowledge than controls (paired t test =4.9, p0.05) and practice (paired t test = -0.7, p>0.05). Less than 200/0 of cases and controls practised monthly Breast Self-Examination (8SE). This study included younger pre-menopausal women. The profile of breast cancers such as age and ethnic distributions was different from other studies. This study reconfirmed that similar risk factors identified in western population were responsible for the occurrence of breast cancer in Kelantan. It also supported the theory that breast cancer occurrence was related to oestrogen exposure and familial factors. It suggested the importance of having children especially more than two and caution for OC users and women with family history of breast cancer. Significant higher level of knowledge did not ensure positive attitude and better practice. Health education is needed especially for high-risk women in order to change their attitude and facilitate regular correct method of screening for breast cancer.