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- PublicationMalay version adaptation and validation of the rhinosinusitis quality of life questionnaire(2021)Background: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinus that disrupts personal, professional, and social life. The Rhino Quality of Life (RhinoQOL) questionnaire is a short and self-administered questionnaire for assessing the symptoms and quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted at the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinic in the Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The forward and backward translation of the RhinoQOL questionnaire into the Malay language was performed and tested for content and face validity. The comparison between patient and control groups were evaluated using the independent t-test and Pearson chi-square. The psychometric properties (validity, reliability, reproducibility, and responsiveness) were assessed. Results: We observed 114 patients (64 patients and 50 controls). The mean age was 46 years old, and 65% were male patients. CRS patients with nasal polyp account for 76.7%. The Pearson's correlation demonstrated that all the symptom scales correlate and measure the same things. The Cronbach's α coefficient value for each symptom scale was acceptable, within 0.6-0.9. Test-retest evaluation was good, with the value of intraclass correlation (ICC) more than 0.70. After the surgery, there was a significant improvement from baseline for all sub-scale scores, indicating clinical improvement. Conclusions: The Malay version of the RhinoQOL is equivalent to the original English version. It is an effective tool to assess the CRS patients' symptoms and quality of life based on the validity, reliability, reproducibility, and responsiveness values obtained. Therefore, its use is recommended in daily practice.
- PublicationA systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of mental health on children and adolescents during covid-19 pandemic(2022)Background: COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global emergency health and gave a significant psychological effect not only on adults but also on children and adolescents. This review aims to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the estimate of pooled prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during this pandemic era. Methodology: We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2009. The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021230792). The databases used were Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and Scopus. The studies were extracted according to eligibility criteria and risk of bias was conducted. Results: A total of 23 studies involving 25,433 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis, with the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, worry and fear of 38.6% (95% CI: 31.17, 46.03), 31.72% (95% CI: 25.66, 37.78), 22.10% (95% CI: 14.88, 29.31), 46.88% (95% CI: 19.66, 74.09) and 44.8% (95% CI: -0.42, 90.3) respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher in developing countries and among those with no comorbidity compared to developed countries and with comorbidity respectively. Conclusions: In this review, the prevalence of mental health on children and adolescents were higher during this pandemic COVID-19 infection. Appropriate psychological strategies, techniques, and interventions should be applied for them. Thus, the mental health can be preserved and improves in this population.
- PublicationCt renal volumetry and contrastinduced nephropathy in prechemotherapy non-renal malignancy in Kelantan(2022)Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a known complication postintravenous iodinated contrast study, particularly in patients with lower estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Correlations between eGFR and CIN as well as between renal volume and eGFR have been established. Various methods were used for renal volume calculation. Of all, CT is the most feasible and widely used. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between eGFR, CT renal volumetry and CIN among non-renal malignancy patients going for initial contrasted-CT staging. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia on 59 patients who had been diagnosed with non-renal malignancy, and underwent initial contrasted-CT for staging. CT renal volumetry was obtained from 3D automated calculation from VitreaCore software. Renal function was used to calculate baseline eGFR and another renal function taken within 24- 48 hours post-contrasted CT for evaluation of non-CIN or CIN patients. The CIN proportion was obtained in percentage. The correlation between CT renal volumetry and eGFR was tested using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The mean CT renal volumetry between non-CIN and CIN patients was tested using Independent t-test. Results: The proportion of CIN among non-renal malignancy patients was 3.4%. There was no correlation between baseline eGFR and CT renal volumetry (P>0.05). The mean (SD) CT renal volumetry for CIN and non-CIN patients were 159.12 (19.28) mls and 144.46 (27.30) mls, respectively; no significant mean difference of CT renal volumetry between CIN and non-CIN patients (P>0.05). However, there was significant correlation between the baseline eGFR and CIN (P<0.05) whereby all CIN patients are from stage 3b kidney disease. Conclusion: Our study showed no correlation between baseline eGFR and CT renal volumetry probably because the patient’s individual body weight was not accounted for in the eGFR calculation. Nonetheless, the proportion of CIN was consistent with previous studies. Further research using other methods for CT renal volumetry and eGFR calculation might be plausible to show the association between eGFR, CT renal volumetry and CIN.
- PublicationClinical audit on osteogenesis imperfecta patients treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for past 17 years(2022)Osteogenesis imperfecta is an uncommon disease that presented with different severities (Sillence type I,II, III, and IV) and condition. Many surgeons,even without good experience in treating osteogenesis imperfecta patients, need to treat these patients due to limited number of pediatric orthopedic surgeons. Recurrent fracture, deformity, problem related to intramedullary rod, malrotation, nonunion and scoliosis were among the problem faced by those patients. We reviewed all the cases treated in our institution to know the pattern of presentation and treatment with the outcome. Methodology We have reviewed all osteogenesis imperfecta patients treated in our hospital from 2003 -2020. Patients were traced from record office based on International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD -10). The required clinical information was obtained from patients record and General Healthcare Centricitytm picture archiving communication system (PACS). The information was scrutinized and presented with descriptive manner. Results We have treated 27 patients for the past 17 years, however 4 of them lost from follow up. Most of patients with Sillence type III and 4 presented with deformity or fracture shaft of long bones. Among the presentation of Sillence type I patient were developmental dislocated hip (2 patients), olecranon fracture (3 patients), flexion type supracondylar humerus fracture (2 patients). Scoliosis were found in 4 Sillence type III patients at adolescent age. Most common fixation for femur was single rush rod fixation. All femurs of Sillence type III and Sillence type IV patients treated with rush rod united with malrotation. Single rush rod in the femur required revision within 2 to 3 years due to problem related to growth. Double rush rod and expandable nail of femur did not require revision with 5 years. Rush rod through the piriformis fossa did cause radiological changes of avascular necrosis of femoral head. Modified Finidori’s technique using rush rod and wires through the neck of femur was able to correct Coxa Vara but not able to control rotation. Autogenous bone graft from iliac crest of four patient to treat nonunion and acute lengthening were successfully done without causing morbidity to the patients. Malrotation and short limb were derotated and acutely lengthened with interlocking nail at maturity. Ambulation of patient at maturity depend on the type of severity based on Sillence classification. Conclusion Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta patients in our institution was comparable with available evidences in the literature.
- PublicationMagmas And The Twelve Local Moufang Identities(2025-05)Quasigroup is a binary system in which the specification of any two of x,y and z in the equation x · y = z determines the third element uniquely. A loop is a quasigroup with a (two-sided) identity element. A magma is a generalization of loops that does not satisfy the quasigroup condition. The (four) moufang identities are identities which are equivalent to each other in the variety of loops, for which a direct and comprehensive proof is provided. Each moufang identity involves three variables. By transforming a variable into a constant in each identity, the four moufang identities can be localized into twelve local identities. However, these local moufang identities are not generally equivalent to each other in the variety of magmas. Hence, this thesis aims to introduce not-too-restrictive conditions to magmas such that relationships can be found between these local identities. The automated reasoning tool prover9 and the finite model builder mace4 are used to obtain some of the important results in this thesis.
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- ItemAntecedents And Outcomes Of Export Pricing Practices Evidence From Global Production Hub In Penang(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020-11)The Penang export hub is a unique example of a government policy due to its development priorities with emerging opportunities for international specialization initiated by the ongoing process of global production sharing. This study aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of export pricing practices. It also intends to examine the relationship of international experience, technological turbulence, psychic distance, export pricing practices and export performance (export intensity (EI), export growth (EG), export profitability (EP)) amongst MNEs at the global production hub in Penang. The moderating effects of competitive intensity in the relationship between export pricing practices (EPP) and export performance (EP) (EG, EI, EP) are also examined. To test the framework, Resource-based View (RBV), Contingency Theory (CT) and Organizational Learning Theory (OLT) were employed in this study.
- ItemDevelopment Of A Nomogram To Guide The Monitoring Of Once Daily Dosing Gentamicin Regimen In Hospital Melaka(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2013-07)The exact starting dose used in once daily dosing gentamicin (ODD) has not been clearly defined but it is typically equivalent to the sum of doses traditionally used with conventional dosing over a 24-hour period. However, most literatures have recommended a dosing range of 5 to 7 mg/kg/day. Despite these recommendations, anecdotal reports have shown that the usual dose used in ODD in Malaysia was much lower, with an average of 3.5 mg/kg. Therefore, clinical and bacteriological cures maybe different. Consequently, published monitoring method of ODD gentamicin in the literature may not be applicable in local setting. This study was carried out to evaluate the practice of ODD gentamicin, to determine its pharmacokinetic parameters and to develop a simple monitoring method applicable in Hospital Melaka.
- ItemThe Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Firm's Performance: Evidence from Malaysian GLC(2009)This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic factors on GLC share price returns m Malaysia. The performance of the share price was largely attributed to the GLC Transformation Program launched by the government. To examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the share price, we developed a simple model based on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory by Ross (1976). By applying the techniques of cointegration, Error Correction Model and Granger causality, we examine the short run dynamics and long run equilibrium relationship between G-20 Index and the four selected macroeconomic variables of real output, price level, money supply and interest rate using monthly data from 1988 to 2008. The data was examined in two periods; whole sample period and a second sample period of up to 1997 before the Asian Financial Crisis. The results suggest that the share price and the macroeconomic variables are cointegrated and there was evidence of long run relationships in the periods under study. Through the Error Correction Model we found that the short run adjustments were from different channels in different periods of study. Finally we examined the short run Granger causality to look at the causal relationship among the variables. We found that in the whole sample period only the past information on interest rate may be used to predict the share price and in the second sample no information from any of the macroeconomic variables may be used to predict share price.
- ItemSatu Kajian Proses Kelulusan Sijil Kelayakan Bagi Pendudukan Untuk Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang(1995)Kajian ini adalah menjuruskan kepada kelulusan proses pembangunan Sijil Kelayakan Bagi Pendudukan di Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji cara atau prosidur yang dapat mempercepatkan proses kelulusan tersebut. Fenomena ini telah menjadi isu utama di negara kita terutama di bandar besar seperti Pulau Pinang dan Kuala Lumpur.
- PublicationFeasibility study on construction of cylindrical part using wire arc additive manufacturing (waam)(2024-07-01)This project explores recent advancements in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and its pivotal role in shaping the manufacturing industry, specifically in the production of intricate geometric forms, such as cylindrical parts. The integration of multiple axes, up to 6 axes, in 3D welding has proven to be instrumental in achieving the complexity required for diverse applications. Nevertheless, challenges have emerged in the deposition of layers along the z-axis for constructing cylindrical parts, resulting in a decrease in height due to molten metal flow and subsequent structural defects. In order to address this issue, the study introduces an innovative welding technique that employs helical-shaped depositions along the x-axis, facilitated by a rotational axis module. This approach aims to enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts by preventing the issues associated with traditional layer-by-layer deposition. The study includes precise calculations to combine the existing welding machine and jig, assuring synchronization between the two components. Furthermore, the project explores the utilization of G-code programming to optimize welding parameters. G-code modifications are employed to determine the best parameters for fabrication of cylindrical part. The feasibility of the suggested technique is evaluated using the produced cylindrical parts in terms of shape and features, highlighting its constraints and potential future applications to considerably enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts in the manufacturing industry.