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- PublicationMalay version adaptation and validation of the rhinosinusitis quality of life questionnaire(2021)Background: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the nose and paranasal sinus that disrupts personal, professional, and social life. The Rhino Quality of Life (RhinoQOL) questionnaire is a short and self-administered questionnaire for assessing the symptoms and quality of life of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted at the otorhinolaryngology (ORL) clinic in the Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. The forward and backward translation of the RhinoQOL questionnaire into the Malay language was performed and tested for content and face validity. The comparison between patient and control groups were evaluated using the independent t-test and Pearson chi-square. The psychometric properties (validity, reliability, reproducibility, and responsiveness) were assessed. Results: We observed 114 patients (64 patients and 50 controls). The mean age was 46 years old, and 65% were male patients. CRS patients with nasal polyp account for 76.7%. The Pearson's correlation demonstrated that all the symptom scales correlate and measure the same things. The Cronbach's α coefficient value for each symptom scale was acceptable, within 0.6-0.9. Test-retest evaluation was good, with the value of intraclass correlation (ICC) more than 0.70. After the surgery, there was a significant improvement from baseline for all sub-scale scores, indicating clinical improvement. Conclusions: The Malay version of the RhinoQOL is equivalent to the original English version. It is an effective tool to assess the CRS patients' symptoms and quality of life based on the validity, reliability, reproducibility, and responsiveness values obtained. Therefore, its use is recommended in daily practice.
- PublicationA systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence of mental health on children and adolescents during covid-19 pandemic(2022)Background: COVID-19 pandemic was declared a global emergency health and gave a significant psychological effect not only on adults but also on children and adolescents. This review aims to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the estimate of pooled prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents during this pandemic era. Methodology: We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2009. The protocol of this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021230792). The databases used were Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and Scopus. The studies were extracted according to eligibility criteria and risk of bias was conducted. Results: A total of 23 studies involving 25,433 children and adolescents were included in the meta-analysis, with the pooled prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, worry and fear of 38.6% (95% CI: 31.17, 46.03), 31.72% (95% CI: 25.66, 37.78), 22.10% (95% CI: 14.88, 29.31), 46.88% (95% CI: 19.66, 74.09) and 44.8% (95% CI: -0.42, 90.3) respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety were higher in developing countries and among those with no comorbidity compared to developed countries and with comorbidity respectively. Conclusions: In this review, the prevalence of mental health on children and adolescents were higher during this pandemic COVID-19 infection. Appropriate psychological strategies, techniques, and interventions should be applied for them. Thus, the mental health can be preserved and improves in this population.
- PublicationCt renal volumetry and contrastinduced nephropathy in prechemotherapy non-renal malignancy in Kelantan(2022)Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a known complication postintravenous iodinated contrast study, particularly in patients with lower estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). Correlations between eGFR and CIN as well as between renal volume and eGFR have been established. Various methods were used for renal volume calculation. Of all, CT is the most feasible and widely used. The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between eGFR, CT renal volumetry and CIN among non-renal malignancy patients going for initial contrasted-CT staging. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia on 59 patients who had been diagnosed with non-renal malignancy, and underwent initial contrasted-CT for staging. CT renal volumetry was obtained from 3D automated calculation from VitreaCore software. Renal function was used to calculate baseline eGFR and another renal function taken within 24- 48 hours post-contrasted CT for evaluation of non-CIN or CIN patients. The CIN proportion was obtained in percentage. The correlation between CT renal volumetry and eGFR was tested using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The mean CT renal volumetry between non-CIN and CIN patients was tested using Independent t-test. Results: The proportion of CIN among non-renal malignancy patients was 3.4%. There was no correlation between baseline eGFR and CT renal volumetry (P>0.05). The mean (SD) CT renal volumetry for CIN and non-CIN patients were 159.12 (19.28) mls and 144.46 (27.30) mls, respectively; no significant mean difference of CT renal volumetry between CIN and non-CIN patients (P>0.05). However, there was significant correlation between the baseline eGFR and CIN (P<0.05) whereby all CIN patients are from stage 3b kidney disease. Conclusion: Our study showed no correlation between baseline eGFR and CT renal volumetry probably because the patient’s individual body weight was not accounted for in the eGFR calculation. Nonetheless, the proportion of CIN was consistent with previous studies. Further research using other methods for CT renal volumetry and eGFR calculation might be plausible to show the association between eGFR, CT renal volumetry and CIN.
- PublicationClinical audit on osteogenesis imperfecta patients treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia for past 17 years(2022)Osteogenesis imperfecta is an uncommon disease that presented with different severities (Sillence type I,II, III, and IV) and condition. Many surgeons,even without good experience in treating osteogenesis imperfecta patients, need to treat these patients due to limited number of pediatric orthopedic surgeons. Recurrent fracture, deformity, problem related to intramedullary rod, malrotation, nonunion and scoliosis were among the problem faced by those patients. We reviewed all the cases treated in our institution to know the pattern of presentation and treatment with the outcome. Methodology We have reviewed all osteogenesis imperfecta patients treated in our hospital from 2003 -2020. Patients were traced from record office based on International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD -10). The required clinical information was obtained from patients record and General Healthcare Centricitytm picture archiving communication system (PACS). The information was scrutinized and presented with descriptive manner. Results We have treated 27 patients for the past 17 years, however 4 of them lost from follow up. Most of patients with Sillence type III and 4 presented with deformity or fracture shaft of long bones. Among the presentation of Sillence type I patient were developmental dislocated hip (2 patients), olecranon fracture (3 patients), flexion type supracondylar humerus fracture (2 patients). Scoliosis were found in 4 Sillence type III patients at adolescent age. Most common fixation for femur was single rush rod fixation. All femurs of Sillence type III and Sillence type IV patients treated with rush rod united with malrotation. Single rush rod in the femur required revision within 2 to 3 years due to problem related to growth. Double rush rod and expandable nail of femur did not require revision with 5 years. Rush rod through the piriformis fossa did cause radiological changes of avascular necrosis of femoral head. Modified Finidori’s technique using rush rod and wires through the neck of femur was able to correct Coxa Vara but not able to control rotation. Autogenous bone graft from iliac crest of four patient to treat nonunion and acute lengthening were successfully done without causing morbidity to the patients. Malrotation and short limb were derotated and acutely lengthened with interlocking nail at maturity. Ambulation of patient at maturity depend on the type of severity based on Sillence classification. Conclusion Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta patients in our institution was comparable with available evidences in the literature.
- PublicationMagmas And The Twelve Local Moufang Identities(2025-05)Quasigroup is a binary system in which the specification of any two of x,y and z in the equation x · y = z determines the third element uniquely. A loop is a quasigroup with a (two-sided) identity element. A magma is a generalization of loops that does not satisfy the quasigroup condition. The (four) moufang identities are identities which are equivalent to each other in the variety of loops, for which a direct and comprehensive proof is provided. Each moufang identity involves three variables. By transforming a variable into a constant in each identity, the four moufang identities can be localized into twelve local identities. However, these local moufang identities are not generally equivalent to each other in the variety of magmas. Hence, this thesis aims to introduce not-too-restrictive conditions to magmas such that relationships can be found between these local identities. The automated reasoning tool prover9 and the finite model builder mace4 are used to obtain some of the important results in this thesis.
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- PublicationFeasibility study on construction of cylindrical part using wire arc additive manufacturing (waam)(2024-07-01)This project explores recent advancements in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and its pivotal role in shaping the manufacturing industry, specifically in the production of intricate geometric forms, such as cylindrical parts. The integration of multiple axes, up to 6 axes, in 3D welding has proven to be instrumental in achieving the complexity required for diverse applications. Nevertheless, challenges have emerged in the deposition of layers along the z-axis for constructing cylindrical parts, resulting in a decrease in height due to molten metal flow and subsequent structural defects. In order to address this issue, the study introduces an innovative welding technique that employs helical-shaped depositions along the x-axis, facilitated by a rotational axis module. This approach aims to enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts by preventing the issues associated with traditional layer-by-layer deposition. The study includes precise calculations to combine the existing welding machine and jig, assuring synchronization between the two components. Furthermore, the project explores the utilization of G-code programming to optimize welding parameters. G-code modifications are employed to determine the best parameters for fabrication of cylindrical part. The feasibility of the suggested technique is evaluated using the produced cylindrical parts in terms of shape and features, highlighting its constraints and potential future applications to considerably enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts in the manufacturing industry.
- PublicationObesity Management In Adults Among Primary Care Doctors: A Qualitative Study(2023-06)Number of people living with obesity are on the rise worldwide. Malaysia, too, is not spared from the global epidemic of obesity and has been labelled as the fattest nation in Southeast Asia. The objectives aimed are (1) to explore the factors influencing obesity management in adults among PCDs, (2) to investigate the experiences and perceptions of PCDs in obesity management in adults, (3) to evaluate the knowledge of obesity management in adults among PCDs, and (4) to determine the enablers and barriers in obesity management in adults among PCDs. This study adopted a qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews (IDIs) guided with semi-structured questionnaire. Ten PCDs were selected purposively to participate in the study. Interviews were conducted virtually where all the audio recordings were transcribed verbatim before being exported to the ATLAS.ti 8 software for data analysis. Thematic analyses were applied to identify common themes when data saturation was achieved. The findings revealed that PCDs have limited knowledge, received minimal training and support in managing obesity among adults. Undoubtedly, primary care is the best setting for patients to seek obesity treatment for its accessibility and continuity of care. Managing obesity would be successful when PCDs are well equipped with knowledge and training, able to sustain patients’ motivation, and receive sufficient support from the healthcare system.
- PublicationRelationship Between Rate Of Promotion And Perceived Organizational Political Climate(1998-04)The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees' rate of promotion and their perception of organizational political climate in a technology based American multinational corporation located in Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone, Penang, Malaysia. The study also examined the influences of moderating variables like age, marital status, gender and job status on the relationship.
- PublicationThe Effects Of Organizational Behaviour On Employee Job Satisfaction Affecting Information Technology Investments In Global Banks(2014)This study examines the effects of 2 strategic areas of organization behaviour, namely organizational culture and organizational politics on employee job satisfaction. It assesses how these 2 areas of organizational behaviour could affect the outcome of the employee job satisfaction in order to maximize profits and business growth through IT investments for global banks. To attain its objectives, this study utilized quantitative approach by distributing survey questionnaire to the individuals who have at least 2 years and above working experience with global banks having presence in Malaysia and Singapore. A total of 76 usable responses were received. This study revealed a focus of Employee Job Satisfaction, 2 categories of Organizational Culture (Motivators & Hygiene Factors) and 3 categories of Perception of Organizational Politics (General Political Behaviour, Going Along to Get Ahead & Pay and Promotion). The results of the survey indicate that the presence of both Organizational Culture factors, Motivators & Hygiene Factors, have positive effect on Employee Job Satisfaction. On the contrary, there is a negative correlation of Perception of Organizational Politics with Employee Job Satisfaction.
- PublicationCost Of Illness, Health-Related Quality Of Life And Costeffectiveness Analysis Of Pharmacistled Lifestyle Intervention Among Diabetes Population In Pakistan(2024-04)Diabetes mellitus is a growing public health concern in Pakistan, imposing a substantial economic burden and negatively affected individuals’ health. Pharmacistled lifestyle interventions may manage diabetes, but their cost-effectiveness in Pakistan is unknown. This study aims to evaluates Diabetes cost of Illness, HRQoL, and pharmacist-led lifestyle treatment cost-effectiveness. Over 12 months, a socially extensive economic analysis was done. The cost of illness study covered direct, nonmedical, and indirect diabetes management costs. The societal cost of illness was calculated. The quantitative study assessed HRQoL with the EQ-5D-5L and diabetesspecific distress with the DAI-10. Medication behavior and self-management were examined using the MDKT and DSMQ. A randomized controlled trial examined pharmacist-led diabetes education. To calculate incremental cost-effectiveness, a decision-analytic model compared pharmacist-led lifestyle changes to standard treatment. Pakistani Diabetes Outpatient Clinics provided 1,839 diabetics for the study. Three districts were selected from each province, afterwards from these districts only metropolitan cities were selected, clustered sampling approach was used and 150 participants were included from each districts. In Phase 1 over 1,839 Pakistani outpatient clinic diabetic patients were investigated. Alarmingly, several patients had uncontrolled blood sugar, requiring improved treatment. The annual total cost of diabetes care was USD 740.1. The cost covered direct, non-medical, and indirect diabetes management costs.