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- PublicationEffect Of Soil And Microbiota Composition In Black Morel Continuous And Non-Continuous Cultures(2024-11)The black morel Morchella sextelata (Morchellaceae, Pezizales) is a valuable edible mushroom cultivated on a large scale, but severe yield decline occurs during continuous cropping. The effects of long-term cropping on soil properties, microbiome imbalances, and their impact on morel yield remain unclear. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study employed an indoor experiment to assess how cropping regimes affect soil properties, microbial communities, and morel production. This study assessed the impact of non-continuous cropping (NCC) and continuous cropping (CC) systems at three developing stages of M. sextelata development (bulk soil, conidial, and primordial stage) by using rDNA metabarcoding and network analysis. CC significantly reduced morel primordia yield in the third year compared to NCC, with the former showing a 99.7% reduction. The results showed that during the first year, M. sextelata mycelium overwhelmed the resident soil fungal community by reducing the alpha diversity and niche breadth of soil fungal patterns to a greater content compared to the continuous cropping regime, leading to high crop yield, but less complex soil mycobiome. To sustain continuous cropping, exogenous nutrition bags and morel mycelial spawn were consecutively added to the soil. The additional nutrient input stimulated the growth of fungal saprotrophic decomposers.
- PublicationEmployee Innovative Behavior: The Influence Of Inclusive Leadership, Psychological Safety And Work Engagement And The Mediating Role Of Creative Self Efficacy In Chinese E-Commerce Companies(2024-11)Employee innovative behavior significantly impacts both productivity and organizational efficiency. In the rapidly expanding and highly competitive chinese e-commerce sector, companies face the challenge of sustaining innovation amidst intense market pressures. Traditional management practices often fail to address the dynamic and evolving needs of employees, leading to suboptimal engagement and diminished creative output. This gap underscores the necessity for a deeper understanding of how leadership styles and organizational factors influence employee innovation. Developing effective strategies for fostering creativity and maintaining high performance is essential for sustaining a competitive edge in this industry. This study investigates the effect of inclusive leadership—specifically its dimensions of openness, availability, and accessibility—alongside psychological safety and work engagement on employee innovative behavior in chinese e-commerce companies. It also examines the mediating role of creative self-efficacy in these relationships. The theoretical framework of this research is grounded in social cognitive theory and social exchange theory.
- PublicationThe Effect Of Blended Learning And Critical Thinking On Tertiary Efl Argumentative Writing In China(2024-10)With the rapid development of information and communications technology (ict), the blended learning method is widespread in english-as-a-foreign-language (efl) instruction. It is viable for tertiary english instructors to utilise online platforms like wechat and pigai.Org to integrate face-to-face instruction, online learning, and critical thinking training to improve efl argumentative writing. As no single standard for blending exists, more research reports on blended learning cases are needed. This study aims to examine the effect of blended learning and critical thinking on efl students’ performance in argumentative writing, and the factors that influence students’ argumentative writing performance in a blended learning environment were explored in the current study. This study used a mixed research method on 66 firstyear undergraduates majoring in english at a university in chongqing, china. These participants were from two intact classes randomly assigned to the control (n=33) and experimental (n=33) groups. The data on critical thinking skills and writing performance were measured by argumentative writing pre- and post-tests, and the data on influencing factors were measured through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.
- PublicationThe Moderating Effects Of Business Environment On The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment And Economic Growth In China(2024-10)Over the last 30 years, china has experienced outstanding economic growth and has emerged as a key destination for substantial foreign direct investment (fdi). However, the pace of fdi inflows has decelerated in recent years. In response, the chinese government has introduced a policy to enhance the business environment. Motivated by this economic scenario, this study focuses on the role of fdi inflows and the business environment in promoting china’s economic growth from 1985 to 2020. This study constructs business-environment indicators concerning institutional quality, financial development, infrastructure, and innovation using the entropy weight method. Subsequently, this study employed econometric techniques such as unit root tests and johansen-juselius cointegration tests to determine the order of integration of the variables and the presence of long-run relationships. This study not only focuses on the direct relationship but also profoundly explores the impact of fdi on china's economic growth by considering the role of the business environment as a moderating factor. Furthermore, each sub-element of the business environment is explored separately to understand their respective impacts better. This study confirms that fdi and economic growth in china have a long-run relationship.
- PublicationEnhancing Efficientnet-Yolov4 For Integrated Circuit Detection On Printed Circuit Boards(2024-10)Automated visual inspection of printed circuit boards (pcbs) is vital for ensuring the quality and functionality of pcbs throughout the manufacturing process. Accurately detecting integrated circuits (ics) on pcbs presents a significant challenge in automated inspection due to the wide range of component sizes and types, as well as various printing and markings on the pcb, which complicate object detection. This thesis addresses these intricacies by proposing an improved algorithm, efficientnet-yolov4. The research methodology combines the high-performance feature extraction capabilities of efficientnet as the backbone network with the precise object localisation capabilities of yolov4, a dual advantage unique compared to other methods that may rely on less sophisticated localisation algorithms. To ensure the model's generalisation ability, various data augmentation techniques, such as blur, grid distortion, and random brightness adjustments, were employed to simulate real-world variations. Extensive experiments and evaluations demonstrate the proposed algorithm's effectiveness and robustness in complex pcb layouts, as well as its adaptability to varying colour and brightness randomness, surpassing the performance of other pcb inspection models.
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- PublicationFabrication And Characterization Of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-4- Hydroxybutyrate/Collagen) Blended Microspheres For Tissue Engineering Application(2023-06)The scaffold is one of the main components in tissue engineering that provides structural support for cell attachment and tissue development. However, due to poor transportation of nutrients and waste products in the scaffold, cell necrosis often occurs in the center of large sized scaffolds. Additionally, transplanting scaffolds usually involves invasive surgery which can incur a prolonged healing period and is inconvenient to the patient. Hence, by using small injectable scaffold which can provide the space for movement of oxygen and waste product such as microspheres can reduce the cell necrosis. Furthermore, the injectablity scaffold also can facilitate the surgical procedure thus speed up the time recovery and convenient to the patient.
- PublicationKualiti Air Sungai (Kes Kajian - Sistem Sungai Pinang)(1995-04)Laporan ini terbahagi kepada dua bahagian. Bahagian pertama merupakan bahagian teori yang merangkwni kepentingan sungai, peranan kerajaan dalam menjaga kebersihan sungai dan langkah-Iangkah membaikpulih kualiti sungai. Manakala, bahagian kedua adalah kajian makmal, di mana ujian-ujian tertentu akan dijalankan ke atas sampel yang diambil dari beberapa lokasi.
- PublicationDevelopment Of Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment To Measure The Mastery Level Of Factorisation Of Algebraic Fractions Among Form Two Students.(2024-09)Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment (CDA) is one of the assessments recommended by the Ministry of Education of Malaysia based on the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 to measure students’ cognitive development. This assessment is crucial as it provides in-depth information about students’ learning needs and enables teachers to design more effective instruction to help students achieve their learning goals. With a focus on cognitive development, students can be provided with more targeted and appropriate support to enhance their achievement in this area. Thus, this study aims to develop and assess a CDA focusing on form two students’ mastery of factorisation of algebraic fractions. The CDA development involved two stages: establishing expert and student response based cognitive models. Expert mathematics teachers constructed the expert-based cognitive models, which were evaluated by a panel of content and psychometric experts. The validation process used different criteria, including items and attributes development based on Bloom's taxonomy hierarchy, items clarity, and alignment with form two standards document curriculum and assessment (SDCA) for Form Two Mathematics. Then, 30 ordered multiple choice (OMC) items were tested on 159 students from National Secondary Schools. The assessment revealed that the CDA's cognitive models had good discrimination ability, except for items deemed too easy. Each item had appropriate distractors, and the CDA versions showed reliability in terms of consistency and correlation between expert-based and student response-based cognitive models.
- PublicationSoftware Model Checking For Distributed Applications Using Hybridization Of Centralization And Cache Approaches(2024-04)Developing reliable distributed systems poses significant challenges due to the non-deterministic nature of thread and process execution, as well as communication channels. Software model checking offers a means to verify system correctness by exhaustively analyzing all program execution paths. However, the existing bytecode model checker, capable of verifying multiple processes, suffers from state space explosion and computational overhead. This thesis introduces Java PathFinder (JPF)-Nas-Hybrid (JNH), a novel model checker addressing these limitations. JNH employs a redesigned inter-process communication (IPC) model and integrates a scalable caching mechanism. This mechanism efficiently stores communication data between processes, mitigating computational overhead and state space explosion during model checking. By optimizing resource utilization and minimizing overhead, JNH significantly improves verification performance. Key enhancements include the development of a scalable caching mechanism integrated into the centralization IPC model, relocating request and response trees, and processing data in multi-byte chunks. JNH's creation involves extending from the JPF-core system and modifying Java network libraries. Additionally, the thesis explores bug detection strategies, distinguishing between local and global bugs, and evaluates various search strategies to explore distributed program state spaces. Through comprehensive testing and statistical analysis, the research provides insights into effective bug detection approaches, further advancing model-checking methodologies.
- PublicationTranslatability Of Arabic Fixed Expressions In Three Novels Into English Using Neural Machine Translation(2022-02)Arabic fixed expressions (AFEs) have a symbolic figurative meaning that cannot be predicted from the individual components or the literal meanings of constituent parts. Many users nowadays rely on NMT systems to translate AFEs since these systems became an essential part of the process of translation. However, Neural Machine translation (NMT) creates a sort of difficulty and challenge to those who do not have enough experience in the translation of fixed expressions like proverbs and idioms. These translation systems might create a gap between Source Language (SL) and Target Language (TL). The study investigates the syntactic structure of the Arabic Fixed Expressions (AFEs), which allows a high level of accuracy to be achieved in its translation using selected Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. Also, this study seeks to identify the most efficient system to render the meaning of the (AFEs) extracted from the the three novels. Moreover,