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- PublicationDari Daerah Ke Kerajaan : Sejarah Politik Perlis, 1841-1957(2000)Dua objektif tesis ini ialah untuk membina sejarah penubuhan sebuah kerajaan Melayu bernama Perlis dan untuk menggalurkan pertumbuhannya dari sebuah unit politik yang baru di alam politik Melayu yang berjuang bagi hak mengekalkan kewujudannya sehingga sebuah entiti berautonomi di dalam Persekutuan Tanah Melayu. Penemuan-penemuannya menawarkan empat sumbangan utama. Paling penting ia telah mendedahkan satu bahagian di dalam sejarah Malaysia yang paling sedikit dikenali, iaitu sejarah negeri Perlis. Kedua, dalam menggalurkan sejarah Perlis dari permulaannya sebagai sebuah daerah Kedah sehingga menjadi sebuah kerajaan baru pada 1841, tesis ini telah cuba mendedahkan pelbagai ketidaktepatan berkenaan kelahirannya yang wujud dalam pensejarahan setakat ini lalu menetapkan tarikh penubuhannya yang didapati lebih betul dan tepat. Ketiga, dan sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini telah memperbetulkan beberapa tanggapan umum yang utama berkenaan sejarah Malaysia dan sejarah Kedah. Sedangkan kebanyakan pemberontak berjuang demi menaiki takhta yang ada atau demi melawan British dan Siam dan apabila gagal terpaksa meninggalkan kampung halaman, pemberontak dalam kajian ini, yakni Syed Hussein bin Syed Harun Jamalullail, telah berjuang demi membina sebuah takhta dan wangsa pemerintah yang baru bagi dirinya. Sememangnya ia bukan berjuang semata-mata untuk berdiri di belakang Sultan tetapi untuk mendapatkan kemerdekaan daripadanya.
- PublicationIn vitro antioxidative evaluation of plukenetia volubilis aqueous extract in ovarian aging process(2025-01)Ovarian aging is the aging process related to the decline in ovarian cellular function primarily driven by oxidative stress which affects hormonal production, resulting in reduced fertility and hormonal dysfunction in women. Although there are many medications have been developed to increase fertility and reproductive hormones such as clomiphene citrate and gonadotropins, they can cause short- and long-term effects on women. Plukenetia volubilis (Sacha Inchi) is a plant that originated from Northwestern Brazil and Peru and has proven to contain high antioxidant contents such as tocopherols and phenolic compounds. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the antioxidative potential of P. volubilis aqueous extract in combating oxidative stress during the ovarian aging process using in vitro models. This study assesses the total phenolic content of P. volubilis aqueous extract via total phenolic content (TPC) assay, its radical scavenging ability via DPPH assay, and its protective effects on granulosa cells (COV434) subjected to oxidative stress via MTT assay. Ascorbic acid is used as a standard antioxidant to compare the results. As a result, the TPC assay confirms the presence of significant phenolic content in the extract where the phenolic contents increase as the concentration increases from 0.2 mg/ml to 15 mg/ml. Next, The DPPH assay shows the increase of DPPH radical scavenging with the IC50 value of 2.27 mg/ml. P. volubilis aqueous extract also shows a significant radical scavenging activity when compared to ascorbic acid (p = 0.009). Additionally, the MTT assay reveals the significant protective effects of the extract against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in COV434 cells when compared to ascorbic acid (p = 0.089) with the EC50 value of 23.82 mg/ml. This is proven by increasing cell viability when treated with P. volubilis aqueous extract. Overall, the findings successfully underscore the promise of P. volubilis as a natural antioxidant to mitigate oxidative stress-related ovarian aging
- PublicationAssesment of monocyte phagocytosis in the presence of synovial-fluid-derived exosomes from osteoarthritis patients(2025-01)Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterised by cartilage degradation, inflammation, and joint dysfunction, and monocytes play an important role in its pathogenesis via phagocytosis and inflammatory regulation. This study investigated the effect of synovial fluid-derived exosomes from OA patients on monocyte phagocytic activity. Synovial fluid (SF) was harvested from OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, and exosomes were isolated by ultracentrifugation. Monocytes from healthy donor were cultured for 24 and 48 hours at different exosome concentrations (1:10, 1:20, and 1:40). Then, pHrodo™ Green E. coli conjugates were used to measure monocyte phagocytosis, which was quantified by flow cytometry. The findings demonstrated a significant increase in monocyte phagocytic activity upon exosome treatment, indicating a modulatory effect. These findings provide insight into the interaction between exosomes and monocyte in OA pathogenesis, underlining the possibility of exosome-based treatments to manage this degenerative illness
- PublicationThe detection of multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae using polymerase chain reaction(2025-01)Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-Kp) is a major worldwide medical concern, particularly in healthcare settings because it is resistant to multiple antibiotics. This resistance is caused by enzymes such as beta-lactamases and carbapenems, which limit treatment options and increase mortality rates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in this study as a fast and accurate way to detect genetic markers for bacterial identification and resistance genes. The study aimed to use PCR for detection of 16S ribosomal RNA (16sRNA), beta-lactamase TEM (blaTEM), cefotaximase-M-1(CTXM-1) and New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1(NDM-1) in K. pneumoniae. Archived samples were collected from the INFORMM Biobank, cultured under aseptic conditions and their DNA was extracted using the boiling method. PCR was performed with specific primers and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis was used to visualize the amplified products. The results showed successful amplification of 16sRNA gene (100%) in all isolates confirming the bacterial identity. The blaTEM and CTXM-1 genes were detected in 78.9% and 89.4% of K. pnuemoniae isolates respectively, while non-specific bands were observed during NDM-1 amplification for majority (69%) of the isolates. The study demonstrates that PCR is an effective method for rapidly identifying MDP-Kp and its resistance genes
- PublicationAssessment of nursing informatics competency level among bedside nurses in Prince Mohammed bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia(2025-01)Advanced clinical technology is widely used by nurses in today's healthcare settings, requiring the possession of sufficient informatics knowledge and skills. Nursing competency in this field is now essential, considering the increasing focus on patient safety and care quality through informatics. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the level of Nursing Informatics (NI) competency and determine the factors influencing this competency among bedside nurses in Prince Mohammed bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital (PMAH). The study adopts a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional approach involving 196 nurses at PMAH. Utilizing the Nursing Informatics Competency Assessment Tool (NICAT), developed by Alphonsa Rahman in 2015, the research assesses bedside nurses' informatics competency. Additionally, the questionnaire gathers demographic data. The data was entered into SPSS 25 software, and correlation analysis was carried out. The average level of competency across all categories was significantly tilted toward 'Competent, Very Competent, and Expert' (74%), with a substantially lower percent in 'Novice or Advanced Beginner' (26%). Educational level was identified as significantly correlated with the level of nursing informatics competency (NIC) (P = 0.047). However, age, gender, years of nursing experience, and use of the health information system showed no significant correlation with NIC level. These findings underscore the significance of nursing informatics competency within healthcare organizations, as it determines nurses’ ability to effectively utilize available health information systems, thereby enhancing healthcare quality and improve patient safety.
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- PublicationDesign of a retrofit inferarm cruthes(2008-04-01)The walking stick is a great aid when the person had an accident and his walking is impaired. It provides steadiness and stability, allowing the user to get around pretty well. By the way, for a person that unable to walk, the easiest way to help them to get around is using a wheelchair. It would help them hanging around easily with no burden to walk. But, wheelchair is not able to use in all aspect. For example, the user can't use the wheelchair to go up the staircase. Furthermore, if a person always sits on the wheelchair s without exercise, the bones of legs will get weaker. The main objective of this project is to design a crutch that can assist the disable or leg's injury person to climb up the staircase. It would help to prevent further damage or accidents when the user climbs up the staircase. Besides, the user is able to maintain proper posture, relieves damaging. stress, and reduces the overall chance of injury when climbing staircase. The project has completed with 3D solid modeling of the designed crutches with SolidWork 2007. Furthermore. COSMOS analysis was done on the critical parts of the designed crutches to make sure the factor of safety required was achieved.
- PublicationEvaluation of captopril and nefediplne in Treatment of hypertension secondary to Post streptococcal acute Glomerulonephritis - A randomized control trial.(2012)Post-streptococcal Acute Glomerulonephritis (PSAGN) is still common in Malaysia. Hypertension is one of its main complications which can lead to severe morbidity in children. Conventional method in treating hypertension in these patients was to use nifedipine to reduce the blood pressure. Recent study in the pathophysiology of the disease had shown apart from water and sodium retention, inappropriate production of angiotensin II could also contributes to the development of hypertension. Captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor can help to reduce the production of angiotensin II which can cause blood pressure reduction. To compare the effectiveness of captopril versus nifedipine in controlling blood pressure in children with PSAGN with hypertension. This was a double blinded randomized controlled trial, registered with ANZCTR (Trial No: ACTRN12611000778987) All children admitted to Wad 6 Selatan HUSM diagnosed clinically with PSAGN with hypertension during a one year study period are eligible for the study. Subjects were randomized either to receive nifedipine (control) or captopril (intervention). Outcomes measured are blood pressure changed in the first 4 hours and blood pressure changes until Day 3 of starting the medication, duration of days to achieve blood pressure control, total duration of admission and the need to use additional medication. Blood urea and serum creatinine levels are compared from before starting treatment and at Day 3 after starting treatment. Out of 40 patients who were recruited and randomized, only 19 from the nifedipine treatment group and 13 from the captopril treatment group completed the study. Both treatment groups had no difference in their baseline data. Nifedipine produces a more significant reduction in SBP and DBP compared to captopril in the first 4 hours of starting treatment (SBP p= 0.001, DBP — 0.016). There was no difference in reduction of SBP and DBP after 8 hours of treatment between the groups (SBP p=0.630, DBP p=0.497). There were no significant differences in the duration of blood pressure normalization (nifedipine: 2.7 days, captopril 2.9 days, p= 0.803) and duration of admission (nifedipine: 6.9 days, captopril: 5.4 days; p=0.183) and the need for additional medication to control the blood pressure (p=0.32) between the groups. Changes of blood urea and serum creatinine levels were not significant before and after treatment (Blood urea changes, /?= 0.564; serum creatinine changes, p- 0.236). Nifedipine produces more significant blood pressure reduction in SBP and DBP in the first 4 hours of starting treatment.
- PublicationDiet quality and predictor factors of body weight status among children with learning disabilities in Kelantan(2022-08)Evidence suggests that children with Learning Disabilities (LD) have unhealthy Body Weight Status (BWS) and poor dietary patterns. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the diet quality and the predictors of Body Mass Index (BMI) of LD children. This study recruited LD children who attended the Special Education Integration Program from nine schools located in districts with high, moderate and low socio-economic status in Kelantan. Parents completed a Malay language self-administered questionnaire on demographic and socio-economic background, child’s feeding problems, food frequency questionnaire and comprehensive parental feeding practices. Height and weight of children were measured by researcher to determine BWS. Diet quality was assessed using The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to test the research hypothesis. A total of 259 children with LD aged 10.54±1.69 years (68.0% males, 32.0% females) participated in this study. Their average BMI was 18.38±4.79 kg/m2; males (18.79±4.76 kg/m2) had significantly higher BMI than females (17.52±4.77 kg/m2), p= 0.046. The prevalence of underweight, thin and severely thin were 11.9%, while 28.1% were overweight and obese. The diet quality average score was 48.15±9.23%, where 40.5% of the children were at risk of poor diet quality. The total daily energy intake was 1831.96±542.15 kcal with a mean carbohydrate intake (241.80±74.75g), protein intake (76.10±25.54g) and fat intake (63.42±21.33g), respectively. Majority of children had a higher score for the occurrence of rapid eating (2.00±1.32), food refusal (1.47±1.35), and food selectivity (1.26±1.13) during mealtimes in the past six months. Parental feeding practice including pressure to eat (Beta =-0.282), restriction of weight control (Beta =0.351) and modelling (Beta =-0.162), child age (Beta =0.222), and childbirth weight (Beta =0.137) were significantly related to BMI (R=0.561, R2=0.315; F(5,217) =19.972, p<0.001). The current findings suggested that early detection of nutrition issues in children with LD and regular positive feeding practice by parents during mealtime is essential to address the poor nutritional status of LD children.
- PublicationAir flow in an air conditioning car(2002-03-01)It is necessary for cars in Malaysia to have air-conditioning due to its environment and weather. Basically, this final year project covers the analysis of airconditioning in a model of general shape cabin of a car. For this computer assisted analysis, it involves computation of airflow in the cabin from different sources of airflow positions. The title of my project is “ Airflow In An Air-Conditioning Car”. The analysis was carried out in a standard basic shape of car cabin design which is available in Malaysia. Analysis was in three dimensional (3D) case.
- PublicationModelling and simulation of bio-oil production from palm oil biomass via fast pyrolysis using aspen plus(2021-07-01)The increase in energy consumption, limited fuel resources, massive dependency on fossil fuels, and greenhouse gas emission has resulted in increased research development on renewable energy sources. Renewable energy is the best option for meeting the current energy demands and reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. In this final year project, three palm oil biomass, namely empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF), and palm kernel shell (PKS) were optimized to produce bio-oil via fast pyrolysis. Process modelling and simulation were carried out using ASPEN PLUS V10.0. The simulation includes pre-treatment, fast pyrolysis section, gas-solid separation, and bio-oil refining section. The model developed was successfully validated with the experimental data obtained from literature. Then, the effect of pyrolysis temperature and residence time during the fast pyrolysis of oil palm biomass were studied to maximize the yield of bio-oil product. Based on the results, the maximum bio-oil yields for EFB, MF, and PKS were 56.46 wt.%, 47.39 wt.%, and 44.03 wt.%, respectively, obtained at a temperature of 550 °C and residence time of 2 s. PKS achieved the highest biochar and gas yield of 49.77 wt.% and 37.21 wt.% at 450 °C and 600 °C, respectively due to its highlignin content. The obtained yields in this study are consistent with experimental results found in the literatures. Therefore, the model developed can be used to optimize fast pyrolysis process for different biomass sources without the need to perform complex experimental investigations. Such model will make an important contribution on the improvement and intensification of fast pyrolysis of biomass.