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- PublicationKnowledge, attitude and practice regarding diabetic foot care among type 2 diabetic patients at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia(2025-08)Diabetic foot complications remain a major public health concern, particularly among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Proper foot care practices are essential in preventing foot ulcers, infections, and amputations. This study aimed to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding diabetic foot care and to examine the association between KAP and association between foot care practice and selected socio-demographic factors (age, gender, education level and duration of diabetes) among T2DM patients at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 158 T2DM who were admitted to the selected medical and orthopaedic in HPUSM. Data were collected using a validated, self-administered questionnaire covering demographic information, and KAP components. The results indicated that 50.6% of respondents had good knowledge, 65.8% showed a positive attitude, and 45.6% demonstrated good foot care practices. Statistical analysis revealed significant associations between knowledge and practice, as well as between attitude and practice (p < 0.05). Additionally, socio-demographic factors such as age and duration of diabetes showed significant relationships with the level of foot care practices. In conclusion, targeted interventions are needed to promote behavior change, especially among younger and newly diagnosed patients, to reduce complications and close the gap between knowledge and practice
- PublicationHydration knowledge, attitude, physical activity level and fluid consumption pattern among undergraduate students in School Of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Usm) Health Campus(2025-02)Adequate fluid consumption is essential for maintaining bodily functions and promoting good health. However, factors influencing plain water intake among Malaysian university students remains understudied. Hence, this cross-sectional study aimed to access factors such as sociodemographic, physical activity level (PAL), body mass index (BMI), hydration knowledge and attitude as well as its relationship with the fluid consumption pattern specifically plain water among undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Health Campus. Cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 3 study programmes for each year. A total of 243 undergraduate PPSK students (190 females, 53 males), aged between 18-33 years were recruited. A set of questionnaires with five sections were distributed. Analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. Results indicated that average plain water intake was 1474.28 ± 530.19 mL/day, with male consuming slightly more (1551.89 ± 526.60 mL/day) than female (1452.63 ± 530.54 mL/day). Notably, 46.9% of participants did not meet the Malaysia Dietary Guidelines (MDG) 2020 recommendation for plain water. A significant association was found between BMI and plain water intake (p = 0.004), with overweight and obese students consuming more water than their counterparts. “Lack of effort barrier” was the only predictor of plain water intake, which negatively predicting the consumption as shown in multiple linear regression model (β = −47.403, p = 0.001, R2 = 0.168). This variable contributed 14.6% of the variance in daily plain water intake (Adjusted R2= 0.146). The results highlight the relationship between hydration barrier and plain water intake among students. Comprehensive education and interventions are crucial to increase its intake and improve their hydration habits as part of healthy lifestyle.
- PublicationPrevalence and impact of migraine among undergraduate students of the school of health sciences at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)(2025-08)Migraine is a common but often underrecognized neurological disorder that can significantly disrupt academic performance and daily functioning, particularly among university students. Globally, headache disorders remain among the leading causes of disability, affecting not only individual well-being but also contributing to societal and economic burdens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and impact of migraine, as well as to explore its association with selected socio-demographic characteristics among undergraduate students in the School of Health Sciences at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). A cross-sectional study design was employed involving 254 participants, selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire incorporating the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-III) for diagnosis and the Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS) to evaluate impact. The results revealed that 16.5% of students fulfilled the criteria for migraine. Among those affected, 52.4% experienced little to no disability, and 38.1% had mild disability. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between gender and migraine prevalence (p≤=0.251). However, significant associations were found between migraine prevalence and both the year of study (p≤=0.004) and family history of migraine (p<0.001). In conclusion, while the prevalence of migraine among students was moderate, its impact on daily life underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention. These findings highlight the need for targeted early screening, stress-management workshops and tailored support, especially for final-year cohorts. Future research should explore broader student populations and examine migraine management strategies, including the role of stress and lifestyle factors
- PublicationPhysical activity and mental health among undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus(2025-08)Mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress are becoming more common among undergraduate students. Physical activity is widely believed to support mental well-being. This study aimed to assess the levels of physical activity and mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus and to examine the relationship between these factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted between March and April 2024 involving 209 undergraduate students. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 46.4% of students had low levels of physical activity, while only 33% reported high levels. In addition, the results for mental health levels for depression, 61.2% of students had normal levels, followed by 15.3% moderate, 12.0% mild, 8.1% severe, and 3.3% extremely severe. For anxiety, only 4.7% had normal levels, while 23.9% were moderate, 15.3% extremely severe, 9.1% severe, and 11.0% mild. As for stress, 80.4% were in the normal category, with 7.7% moderate, and 4.80% mild, 5.3% severe, and 1.9% extremely severe. However, no significant correlation was found between physical activity and depression p = 0.886, anxiety p = 0.955, or stress p = 0.806. A significant association was observed between gender and physical activity level p = 0.029, while no significant link was found between year of study and physical activity. In conclusion, although the study did not find a significant relationship between physical activity and mental health, future research is recommended to include additional factors such as sleep patterns, dietary habits, and social support to gain a better understanding of what influences mental health among university students
- PublicationKnowledge and attitude towards stroke prevention among adult community in Serting, Negeri Sembilan(2025-08)This study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes towards stroke prevention and to examine the association between these variables among adults in Serting, Negeri Sembilan. A total of 420 respondents participated in this cross- sectional study using a structured, validated questionnaire adapted from (Alhowaymel et al., 2023). Descriptive statistics revealed that participants had a moderate level of knowledge, with mean scores ranging from 1.69 to 1.80 out of 3, indicating general awareness of stroke risk factors, symptoms, and complications. Attitude levels were also moderately positive, with 62.9% of participants showing moderate attitudes and 29% demonstrating positive attitudes towards stroke prevention. A significant association was found between knowledge and attitude levels using Pearson’s Chi- square test (χ² = 338.238, df = 4, p < 0.001). Interestingly, the association revealed an inverse pattern, where participants with higher knowledge levels sometimes held less favorable attitudes. These findings suggest that while awareness exists, translating knowledge into positive preventive behaviors may require addressing deeper psychosocial factors and tailoring health education interventions. This study highlights the need for culturally appropriate, nurse-led stroke prevention programs to bridge the gap between knowledge and attitude in the community
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- PublicationDevelopment of design of experiment software for two-factor factorial design(2006-05-01)Regarding to the title, “Development Of A Design Of Experiment (DOE) Software For the case Two-Factor Factorial Designs (FD)”, this project is intended as to develop a simple software which will be able to analyze any experiment that involving only two factors as for this kind of experiment is being used widely by an industrial sectors. Therefore, the basic knowledge of FD technique is very important to engineering students especially whom involved in many experiments as to use it in solving an analysis problem. The essential of the DOE technique have been proven in the world as in Malaysia itself, many industries have supported their analyzer and the experimenter to apply one of this DOE technique in their researches and experiments. The effect reflected by seen that the several major companies such as Motorola, Hewlett-Packet, Petronas and other companies succeeding in controlling their quality level by this DOE technique. By isolating and removing the undetected factors. Those factors interrupt the product production process of several companies such as the manufacturing company. The most considerable effect is when those factors also affecting the quality level of a product produced. Therefore, as the preparation before entering the industry world, this project wants to help engineering students learning the effectiveness of this FD technique. Besides that, this project revealing the use of computer software to engineering students in analyzing an experiment. The development of this software is being constructed with a reason for students will be able to coup the computer skills and able to analyze any experiment data fast and effectively.
- PublicationSurface roughness analysis of co2 laser cutting of 304-stainless steel(2008-04-01)In this project, top, bottom and average surface have been investigated repetitively. Samples of stainless steel-304 were cut on a CO2 laser cutting system and the combined effects of power cutting speed and gas pressure on surface roughness and striation pattern have been studied. Design of Experiment (DOE) method will be used to understand the effect of various laser processing parameters changes on the surface finish. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factor and the percentage of contribution that affect the quality of surface roughness. For the range of operation conditions tested, it was observed that cutting speed had a major effect on surface finishing which increase the surface roughness of the 5mm stainless steel, while power affects were secondary. Low feed rates gave good surface roughness and low striation. Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum parameter to produce minimum surface roughness on 5mm thickness stainless steel- 304 by COs laser cutting.
- PublicationIntegration Of Sodium Alginate With Bacillus Subtilis As Microbial Composite For Fertilizer Coating Towards Green Agriculture(2022-06)Coating is a protective material that is applied to an object's surface such as fertilizer for various purposes. In this research, microbial composite film was fabricated by integrating sodium alginate with different mass of Bacillus subtilis. The films were tested on its physical, mechanical, chemical, and microbial properties. Then, study was conducted to improve the conductivity, moisture content and added micronutrient of microbial composite films for plants as supplement. Subsequently, organic goat manures as fertilizers were coated with different layers of microbial composite films coating via different drying techniques. Next, plant growth analysis and soil nutrients analysis were conducted by applying fertilizers of no coating, sodium alginate coating, and microbial composite coating (1-layer coating and 2-layer coating) to the plants to see its effect on the nutrients transfer. Furthermore, mathematical modelling was developed for soil nutrients analysis. It is found that 0.5 g bacterial cell mass from log phase had the most significant effect on the properties of the films. Then, by mixing microbial composite solution with 40 ppm copper ions and 1% glycerol render the highest conductivity to the films which is helpful in plant growth. It is also found that both 30-minutes drying and 24-hour drying technique did not give significant difference on the thickness of films and hence, 30-minutes drying technique was chosen as it saved time and cost in the process.
- PublicationDevelopment Of A Digital Camera-Based Spectrometer For Led Spectrum Analysis(2019-04)Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) spectrometer instrument has been widely used in many applications such as photonics research, opto-semiconductor test and measurement, colour imaging science, and many more. The great function of this instrument is the capability of providing essential information about the properties of light which sensed by the instrument CCD sensor.
- PublicationEffect of membrane selectivity and configuration on purity and recovery of hydrogen from syngas(2021-01-01)In this thesis, simulation of a membrane gas separation system for purification of hydrogen from syngas has been discussed. The simulation was done to study the effects of membrane selectivity, flow configuration, stage cut and feed pressure on the purity and recovery of hydrogen from syngas. In order to model the membrane, a complete mixing model was applied to study these effects. The mathematical modelling involved in the simulation was done in Mathcad and the results were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. In order to produce high purity hydrogen that is accepted as commercial industrial grade hydrogen, we studied two types of flow configuration models. Configuration 1 involves a carbon dioxide permeable membrane while configuration 2 model involves a hydrogen permeable membrane. As a result, it is noticed that in the first configuration, at the stage cut of 0.2, feed pressure of 5 bar and CO2/H2 selectivity of 1500, the highest purity of hydrogen at 52.24% and recovery of 59.58% at the permeate stream is achieved. Meanwhile in the retentate stream, the purity and recovery of carbon dioxide achieved is 52.21% and 55.53% respectively. The second configuration is when a hydrogen permeable membrane is applied. This configuration results in the highest possible purity of hydrogen of 100% with recovery of 32.52% and carbon dioxide purity and recovery at 27.35% and 90.42% respectively, at stage cut of 0.2, feed pressure of 25 bar and H2/CO2 selectivity of 500.