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- PublicationUnderstanding The Economic Impacts Of International Branch Campuses (Ibc) In Uzbekistan: Insights From Graduates(2025-08)The number of international branch campuses (IBC) in Uzbekistan has grown rapidly in recent decades. The government has actively supported the establishment of these institutions with the aim of increasing access, quality, and capacity within the higher education system, as well as preparing qualified human resources for the national economy. Although the industry has matured and some IBCs have already produced several batches of graduates, the actual benefits and impacts of these institutions on the economy and society remains unclear. Therefore, this study explores the perspectives of IBC graduates on the economic impacts of international branch campuses in Uzbekistan, with a focus on human capital development.
- PublicationInvestigating Source Apportionment And Ecological Risk Assessment Of Microplastic Pollution In The Surface Waters Of Pinang River And Kerian River Using Spatial Analysis(2025-09)Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems is an emerging environmental concern due to its persistence, widespread distribution, and ecological risks. This study investigates the sources, distribution, and ecological risks of microplastics in the surface waters of the Pinang River (Balik Pulau) and Kerian River (Nibong Tebal), Malaysia. These two rivers are subjected to varied land uses, including agriculture, aquaculture, and urban development. The study integrates historical water quality data (2017–2021), in-situ measurements, stereomicroscopy, FTIR polymer identification, and ecological risk assessment through the Risk Quotient (RQ) method. To identify potential pollution sources, secondary water quality data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), revealing that both rivers are predominantly impacted by diffuse sources such as agricultural runoff, aquaculture effluents, and domestic discharges.
- PublicationThe Influence Of Institutional Pressures And Social Capital On Blockchain Technology Diffusion In Malaysian Agriculture And Food Supply Chain: The Moderating Role Of Social Networks(2025-09)The conventional agriculture and food supply chain (AFSC) suffers from concerns such as food security, food waste, operational inefficiency, instances of food fraud, and lack of traceability, among others. These concerns exist due to a lack of traceability, transparency, digitalization, and interconnectedness across AFSC. In addition, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced companies to adopt digitalization solutions to sustain their business operations. While most businesses reverted to existing practices once the pandemic's adversities eased, this implies that the adopted system does not meet the needs of AFSC companies. In response, researchers advocated for the use of blockchain technology (BCT) to unlock the capabilities of traceability and transparency, as well as to offer a secure platform for digitalization. Despite the benefits of BCT in improving AFSC, its usage is still in the infancy stage. Therefore, this study aims to increase the diffusion of BCT in the Malaysian AFSC by assessing the influence of social capital theory and institutional theory. Also, most previous studies have particularly focused on intention to adopt, and this study extends the scope by adding two preceding stages: knowledge seeking and evaluation of perceived innovation characteristics. The key research objectives are to identify the significant determinants of each BCT diffusion stage and examine the moderating role of social networks in trust-based relationships.
- PublicationImmunomodulatory Effect Of Christia Vespertilionis Leaf Extract (Cvle) On B Cell Activating Factor (Baff) - Mediated Monocyte Proliferation(2025-09)Aberrant expression of B cell activating factor (BAFF) has been strongly implicated in a range of immunological disorders, particularly autoimmune diseases and lymphoid malignancies. Among the various disorders influenced by BAFF dysregulation, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is particularly notable, as elevated levels of BAFF have been consistently reported in patients with SLE, thereby positioning BAFF as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. While synthetic BAFF antagonists are currently used for treatment, a substantial percentage of patients do not respond well to these treatments, justifying the need for alternative approaches with natural products from traditional/medicinal plants. Christia vespertilionis (CV), commonly known as the butterfly wing plant demonstrated various medicinal properties, though its immunomodulatory effects remain largely unexplored. Therefore, this study evaluates the potential immunomodulatory effects of aqueous CV leaf extract (CVLE) on BAFF-mediated monocyte proliferation.
- PublicationExamining The Relationship Between Hrm Practices, Organizational Justice, Transformational Leadership, And Job Performance Of Administrative Staff In “Double First Class” Universities In Sichuan, China: The Moderating Role Of Organizational Identification(2025-08)As China’s higher education sector expands, operational-level administrative staff face increasing workloads, evolving job expectations, and immense pressure. Ensuring their effectiveness is crucial for institutional efficiency, yet research on their performance remains limited. This study, based on social exchange theory (SET) and social identity theory (SIT), explores how HRM practices, organizational justice, and transformational leadership influence job performance, with organizational identification as a moderator.
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- PublicationPhysical-chemical removal of ammonia, iron and zinc from semi-aerobic landfill leachate by zeolite and limestone(2005-04-01)This study investigates the removal of ammonia, iron and zinc using zeolite and limestone as adsorbents. Literature review indicated that zeolite and limestone are capable of removing heavy metal cations through batch process. Therefore, batch experiments were carried out in this research to determine the efficiency removal of ammonia, iron and zinc in leachate taken from Pulau Burung Landfill Site. Shaking and settling times, shaking speed, the optimum mixture of zeolite and limestone were pre-determinated, respectively. Result show that the shaking and settling times were 1 hour, respectively. The optimum shaking speed was 350 rpm and the optimum mixture between zeolite and limestone was 15 mL of zeolite and 25 mL of limestone. Mixing the limestone with zeolite could reduce the cost of treatment. Adsorption isotherm at the optimum mixture was determined using Freundlich and Langmuir principle. The value of 1/n and Kf for iron was 0.5845 and 0.00062, respectively and was 1.4131 and 0.1683, respectively for zinc. The breakthrough time for iron and zinc was 4.28 and 4344.33 days, respectively at flow rate 460m3/day and 4.5 m3 column volume. Adsorption kinetics determination showed that it followed the pseudo second order chemical adsorption of R2 values for ammonia, iron and zinc was 0.9726, 0.9991 and 0.9958, respectively.
- PublicationComparative nano-tribological characteristics of ta-c nanocomposites thin film with different type of seed layer on aluminium alloy 7075-t6(2023-07-01)Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films have gained significant attention due to their low coefficient of friction (CoF) and exceptional hardness, making them highly desirable in various industries. However, the influence of different seed layers on the nano-tribological performance of ta-C thin films remains poorly understood. In this study, Aluminum alloy 7075-T6 samples were coated with ta-C using two different seed layers: Titanium (Ti) and Chromium (Cr). Each seed layer had three thicknesses: 3μm (single rotation), 2μm (double rotation), and 1μm (triple rotation). The coating was deposited using the Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA) method in a Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) machine. The tribological and mechanical properties of the coatings were evaluated using a pin-on-disc tester under dry sliding conditions for 100 seconds. The resulting wear tracks were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to measure the width of the wear. Additionally, nanoindentation tests were performed with a loading and unloading rate of 10 mN/s and a maximum load of 500 mN, including a hold time of 6 seconds. The results showed that the ta-C+Ti DR (double rotation) thin film exhibited excellent wear resistance at room temperature, attributed to its high hardness (0.405066 Gpa) and strong adhesion. Even at high temperatures of 550◦C, the ta-C+Ti DR thin film demonstrated superior performance, maintaining the highest hardness compared to other thin films. SEM images revealed minimal wear with a width of approximately 100 micrometers for the ta-C+Ti DR thin film, while the other thin films exhibited wear widths ranging from 2-4 mm. The excellent wear resistance and strong adhesion of ta-C+Ti DR suggest its potential as a high-quality ta-C thin film for Aluminum Alloy 7075-T6.
- Publication65nm CMOS bandgap voltage reference circuit(2023-07)Bandgap voltage reference is a circuit that produces a stable output reference voltage that is not affected by the variation of process, voltage and temperature (PVT). BGR is an essential and important component that is used in many applications such as power converters, flash memory controllers, PLL, LDO, A/D converters. In a bandgap voltage reference circuit, the output reference voltage is generated by the summation of two voltages (VPTAT and VCTAT) with opposite temperature coefficients. This voltage is then amplified and filtered to generate a stable output reference voltage that is relatively insensitive to the changes in process, temperature and supply voltage variations. In this project, TSMC 65nm CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference Circuit is designed. A stable of output reference voltage of 1.23V with supply voltage of 2V is expected from the outcome of this project. Next, the phase margin of the two-stage operational amplifier should achieve larger than 45°. Temperature coefficient of the BGR should achieve lower than 30ppm/°C and power consumption lower than 300µW is expected. The workflow of this project starts from calculations of parameters of MOSFETs and passive components, schematic design of the two-stage operational amplifier and bandgap voltage reference circuits until pre-layout simulation of both schematic circuits. As the output from pre-layout simulations, the DC gain and phase margin of the op-amp achieve 73.04892dB and 84.63997° respectively while the output reference voltage recorded is 1.22847V ~ 1.23819V with 0.81% (± 10mV) of inconsistency for supply voltage from 2V to 4V. Next, temperature coefficient of 27.81ppm/°C is obtained for temperature ranging from 40°C to 125°C. Lastly, the power consumption of the BGR circuit is 298.1µW.
- PublicationThe Influence Of Perceived Job Risk And Religiousness Towards Positivity And Helping Behaviour Among Government Girls’ Primary School Teachers In Northern Pakistan(2024-09)The hegemony of terrorism in government girls' primary schools in Pakistan has postulated numerous challenges for the female teaching fraternity. Over the last decade, more than 90 terrorist attacks on government girls' primary schools in Pakistan have made female teachers’ life miserable. The lack of perceived organizational support and feeble safety and security measures amidst terrorism aggravated female teachers’ perceived job risk. The current study investigated the sensitive social issue of our society that warranted special attention. The results of the present study confirmed the devastating implications of female teachers' perceived threats of terrorism and lack of perceived organizational support, which caused high perceived job risk. Female teachers’ perceived job risk is constantly disturbing their positivity and helping behavior in the terrorism-affected schools of Pakistan. The present study administered a correlational research design and gathered data from the 303 female teaching fraternity of Pakistan’s terrorism-affected government girls' primary schools through a self-administered survey. The results attested to the significant and positive association of female teachers' perceived threats of terrorism with their perceived job risk. Further, the findings attested to the significant and negative association of female teachers' perceived organizational support with their perceived job risk. The results revealed that there is a significant and negative association between female teachers' perceived job risk and their positivity.
- PublicationPenggunaan Natrium Glukonat Sebagai Agen Pengkompleks Dalam Proses Penyaduran Tanpa Elektrik Kuprum(1996-12)Kajian tentang penggunaan natrium glukonat sebagai agen pengkompleks dalam larutan penyaduran tanpa elektrik kuprum bagi pelaplsan kuprum ke atas plastik akrilonitril butadiena stirena (ass) telah dijalankan. Pengkompleks asid etilena diamina tetraasetik (edta) dan natrium kalium tartrat telah digunakan sebagai perbandingan terhadap glukonat. Kajian beberapa gabungan glukonat-edta dengan nisbah kompleks glukonat-edta 1 :1, 1:2 dan 2:1 juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesannya terhadap kestabilan, ph, kadar pelapisan, suhu dan kepekatan komponen aktif. Didapati penggunaan pengkompleks glulmnat-edta (1 :1) [komposisi larutan terdiri daripada kuprum sulfat 5-hidrat sebanyak 8.0 gil, natrium glukonat -. Sebanyak 3.5 gil, edta sebanyak 6.0 gil, formaldehida (37 ok) sebanyak 90.0 mill dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 10.0 gil] adalah lebih stabil berbanding dengan larutan yang hanya mengandungi pengkompleks glukonat sahaja [komposisi larutannya terdiri daripada kuprum sulfat 5-hidrat sebanyak 8.0 gil, natrium glukonat sebanyak 7.0 g/l, formaldehida (37 o..{,) sebanyak 90.0 mill dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 10.0 gil]. Larutan penyaduran tanpa elektrik kuprum yang menggunakan penqkornpleks tartrat paling tidak stabil. Keadaan operasi yang optimum bagi pengkompleks glukonat ialah ph antara 12.4-12.6 dan pada suhu bilik. Kadar pelapisan bagi larutan menggunakan pengkompleks glukonat adalah paling perlahan manakala kadar pelapisan bagi pengkompleks edta yang paling cepat.