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- PublicationUnderstanding the cognitive process of imagery in young adults with social anxiety(2025)Social anxiety is characterized by a persistent fear of being judged or negatively evaluated in social situations, often leading to avoidance behaviours and emotional distress. Mental imagery, defined as the ability to generate sensory-like experiences in the absence of external stimuli, has been found to play a critical role in social anxiety. Although previous research highlights the significance of mental imagery in maintaining social anxiety, findings remain inconsistent regarding the vividness and frequency of these mental images, especially among young adults and non-clinical populations in Malaysia. This study aimed to investigate how different levels of social anxiety affect three key aspects of mental imagery: vividness of visual imagery, vividness of sensory imagery, and frequency of mental imagery among Malaysian young adults. A cross-sectional comparative design was employed. A total of 137 university students aged 18 to 26 participated after being screened using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale–Self-Report (LSAS-SR) and categorized into high and low social anxiety groups. Participants completed the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ), the Plymouth Sensory Imagery Questionnaire (Psi-Q), and the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS). Data were analyzed using Welch’s t-tests and Mann–Whitney U tests. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the vividness of both visual imagery and sensory imagery, with individuals in the low social anxiety group reporting higher vividness. However, no significant difference was found in the frequency of mental imagery between the groups. These findings suggest that social anxiety may impair the clarity, but not the frequency of mental imagery. This study contributes to existing cognitive models of social anxiety and supports the advancement of tailored psychological assessments and evidence-based interventions for socially anxious young adults, particularly those in higher education settings.
- PublicationExamining the relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms, depressive symptoms, and emotional regulation in individuals with traumatic brain injury(2025)Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is commonly associated with psychological challenges, including post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depressive symptoms, and emotional regulation difficulties. Despite the high prevalence of these issues, research on their co-occurrence and interrelationships in TBI populations is limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of PTSS, depressive symptoms, and emotional regulation difficulties among individuals with a history of TBI and to explore the relationships between these challenges. A sample of 150 individuals with TBI participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed self-report measures: the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics and correlation tests, were conducted to assess the prevalence and relationships between variables. The results indicated that 80.7% of participants met the clinical threshold for PTSS, with 43.3% exhibiting moderately severe depressive symptoms and 26.7% reporting moderate symptoms. Emotional regulation difficulties were prevalent, with 32.0% showing low cognitive reappraisal scores and 48.0% exhibiting medium levels of expressive suppression. A moderate positive correlation was found between cognitive reappraisal and PTSS (Spearman’s ρ = 0.253, p = 0.002), while a strong positive correlation was observed between expressive suppression and PTSS (Spearman’s ρ = 0.532, p < 0.001). Additionally, a strong positive correlation was found between PTSS and depressive symptoms (Spearman’s ρ = 0.728, p < 0.001). These findings highlight the significant psychological challenges faced by individuals with TBI and underscore the role of emotional regulation in the co-occurrence of PTSS and depression. However, limitations such as the small sample size and reliance on self-report measures suggest that future research should explore larger, longitudinal studies to better understand the interrelationships between these psychological challenges in TBI populations.
- PublicationElectrofabrication Of Zinc Oxide Photocatalyst In The Presence Of Bio-Waste Extracts And Deep Eutectic Solvent For Degradation Of 2,4-Dichlorophenol(2025-07)Chlorophenols such as 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) are common hazardous pollutants found in industrial wastewater, necessitating the development of green and effective photocatalytic methods for their removal. This study proposes a sustainable ZnO electrosynthesis using bio-waste extracts and deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a green electrolyte.
- PublicationOccurrence, Structural Morphology And Genotyping Of Blastocystis From Water Sources In Northern States Of Peninsular Malaysia(2025-06)This study aims to determine the occurrence, morphological characteristics, and subtype (ST) distribution of Blastocystis in several selected water sources in Northern Peninsular Malaysia, as well as determine the association of the parasite with physicochemical parameters and faecal coliform counts.
- PublicationCommodifying Islamic Values On Instagram: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis Of Muslim Women’s Fashion Brands In Malaysia(2025-07)This study examines how ten local Muslim women’s fashion brands represent Muslim women on Instagram through captions and pictures. It also looks at hashtags to investigate followers’ responses to the brands’ representations. By considering both the representations created by fashion brands and the reactions of their followers, this study explores how the commodification of Islamic principles serves as a strategic tool to convey Islamic values within both the fashion industry and broader society
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- PublicationBiodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (pva) /carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc) halochromic film using natural dye from red cabbage(2024-08-01)The conventional pH indicator film is often synthetic and non-biodegradable, which can contribute to pollution and environmental degradation. In this research, a biodegradable halochromic film was fabricated using natural dye (anthocyanin) from red cabbage, PVA, and CMC and formed into film through the solution casting method. Solid-liquid extraction method was used to extract anthocyanin from red cabbage, and the optimum parameters, such as type of solvent, temperature, and time to extract a higher amount of anthocyanin, were determined. Responsiveness of halochromic film with different amounts of PVA/CMC (100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, 20/80, 0/100) was determined by using air exposure from different pH buffer solutions (pH 2–pH 12) by observing the colour change within 120 seconds and analysing the total colour difference (ΔE) by using colour analysis software. Characterization of the film was done through FTIR, swelling test, tensile test and reusability test. The finding shows the optimum parameters to extract higher amounts of anthocyanin were a 1:1 ratio of ethanol to distilled water, 70°C of heating, and an extracted duration of 30 minutes. The halochromic film with higher CMC content undergoes a faster and more obvious colour change when air exposure to different pH buffer solutions. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus increase, while elongation at break decreases as CMC content increases. Anthocyanin halochromic film shows a good sensor at pH 2, 11, and 12 as it changes to red at pH 2, green at pH 11 and greenish yellow at pH 12. Halochromic film made from 60% PVA and 40% CMC shows a balance in both colour response time and mechanical properties.
- PublicationImproved automated tool change mechanism of modular gripper for delta-robot(2024-08)The parallel Delta robot is an essential technology in the field of industrial automation especially in the transformative landscape of Industry 4.0. These robots are built with three or more arms attached to a common base enables them to do delicate tasks with unparalleled accuracy and making them optimal for industries requiring the highest levels of precision, such as electronics assembly and food and beverage processing. To increase the ability of delta robot to execute various tasks, an automated tool changer is created that capable changing the gripper of robot. The Delta robot confronts a significant challenge due to the constraint imposed by its workspace, primarily stemming from the co-location of the gripper exchange station and the pick and-place operations. This constraint impedes the robot's capability to efficiently pick up objects from one position and accurately deposit them in a different location. For that reason, this project aims to improve the workspace area of the delta robot for effective pick-n-place operation. Furthermore, sliding tray for modular gripper changer station is presented to make it easier to switch grippers and increase the Delta robot's workspace for better pick-and-place tasks. Normally, it sits at the edge of the Workspace. But when the robot needs a different gripper, the tray moves to the middle of the workspace using a pulley system driven by a stepper motor. Experiments showed that increasing the stepper motor speed up to 300 RPM significantly reduced the time taken for the gripper changer station to move between points A and B and return B to A. This inverse relationship is crucial for optimizing the operational efficiency of the Delta robot, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate motor speeds to achieve desired performance outcomes.
- PublicationThe psychological well-being, emotional distress and resilience in adolescents living with thalassemia in maldives.(2013)his study was conducted with the aim of assessing the psychological well-being emotional distress and level of resilience in adolescents living with Thalassemia in Maldives. Eighty one adolescents living with Thalassemia in Maldives, who presented to the Thalassemia centre between March 2013 and May 2013 was included in the study. The subject’s psychological well-being, emotional distress and resilience were studied. The pedsQL 4.0 generic scale was used to asses psychological wellbeing, while the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used to assess the level of their emotional distress. The Resilience Scale was utilized to assess the subject’s resilience level. SPSS version 19.0 was used for statistical analysis. The level of psychological well-being was found to be 79.50 (95% Cl 75.84, 83.15), while the level of emotional distress, in terms of depression was at 4.18 (95% Cl 3.19, 5.18), stress at 4.59 (95% Cl 3.60, 5.58) and anxiety was at 4.47 (95% Cl 3.51, 5.42). Resilience level fell into the moderate category with a score of 131.6 (95% Cl 125.57, 137.58). PWB was found to have a significant but reverse correlation with emotional distress, which included stress (r = -0.632, p<0.05), depression (r = -0.628, p<0.05) and anxiety (r = -0.476,p <0.05). Resilience was found to have a significant but poor positive correlation with psychological wellbeing, while a negative correlation existed with depression. A ferritin level of more than 2500p/l had a significant effect on PWB (t (74) = 2.36, p <0.05) and anxiety (t (70.04) = 2.43, p<0.05) .The study showed that younger subjects were more resilient (r = 0.22, p<0.05). The females have lower PWB compared to the male subjects (t = 2.36, p<0.05). A significant linear negative relationship between gender, depressive symptoms and stress symptoms with psychological well-being was obtained. Where those who are male have 6.52 unit lower psychological wellbeing (adjusted b=-6.52, 95% Cl -11.97,-1.07), p=0.020), while those depressed have 1.54 unit lower psychological well-being (adjusted b=-1.54, 95% Cl -2.48 0.60), p=0.002) and those stressed have 1.12 unit lower psychological well-being (adjusted b=-1.12, 95% Cl -2.50, 0.19), p=0.018). The study showed that emotional distress had a negative impact on psychological well-being of adolescents living with Thalassemia in Maldives. It also found that those with lower resilience were more likely to be depressed. However resilience did not play a role in anxiety and stress. The psychological well-being was found to be higher in those with high levels of resilience. It was also found that gender, depressive symptoms and stress symptoms were predictors PWB of thalassemia adolescents.
- PublicationUser-friendly detention pond design development using visual basic 6.0(2005-04-01)Nowadays, urban development in many developing countries, e.g. Malaysia, has found susceptible to adverse environmental crisis through excessive runoff that leads to the degradation of rivers and lakes. Therefore, this project has been carried out in which effective way to manage stormwater has to be developed. Actually, this project is focused more on the development of community and regional detention pond design using Visual Basic 6.0. In accordance with the guidelines provided in Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia ‘MSMA’ (DID, 2000), a computer model had been developed under this final year project. In other words, this model is built specifically to suit the design rainfall in Malaysia. Since the detention pond simulated via this design model is only to cater for large catchment area ( 80 ha and above ), hence, the Time-Area Method is proposed for the estimation of peak inflow and outflow. After attaining both the stage storage and stage-discharge relationships, Level Pool Routing will then be used in order to determine the peak discharge once a detention pond is designed. This is to ensure that the runoff discharged from the detention pond will not overflow the receiving water downstream. Even the manual calculation had been conducted to have this model checked and complemented. To verify its computation accuracy compared to spreadsheet (EXCEL), this model had been used to design the proposed wet community and regional detention pond located in a development area in Mukim 6, Daerah Seberang Perai Utara, P. Pinang. All the inflows, allowable outflows and required detention pond storage computed through this model were proved to be almost the same as that of EXCEL, only the outlet discharge is rather different between the two. As a whole, this model is indeed a helpful tool to do the preliminary design of wet detention pond.
- PublicationDevelopment and validation of the lateral material shift (lms) ratio method for surface finish quality assessment in machining with palm oils as cutting fluids(2024-09-01)Surface texture plays a crucial role in various applications, including optical, electrical, thermal performance, and appearance. In order to produce the desired surface texture in machining, several measures such as cutting zone temperature, tool wear, cutting forces, surface roughness of workpiece, vibration, chip formation, etc have been used in the past to investigate the effectiveness of machining. Among these the two most common parameters investigated in the past are tool flank wear and average surface roughness (Ra). The use of flank wear and average roughness, however, have resulted in confusing and contradicting findings in some of the published literature, such as improvement in surface roughness in spite of increase in flank wear. This is mainly due to the poor correlation between flank wear and surface roughness. Moreover, since Ra is a measure of the average absolute height of the roughness profile and, therefore, is insenstive to lateral changes in the topography of the surface profile of the workpiece as a consequence of tool wear. The use of Ra as the sole roughness measure could potentially lead to errorneous conclusions. No previous attempt has been made to analyze surface finish quality other than looking at two common parameters which are tool flank wear and current roughness parameters. In this research, a new and more effective method of measuring surface finish quality has been developed to assess the effectiveness of palm oils as cutting fluids. Three methods of workpiece surface analysis, namely autocorrelation, cross-correlation, and lateral material shift (LMS) ratio are investigated. Machining experiments were carried out on AISI 316 stainless steel. Images of tool nose and workpiece profiles were captured using digital camera, and the edges were extracted using sub-pixel edge detection. In the autocorrelation approach, each workpiece profile was correlated with a shifted version of the same profile. In the cross-correlation approach, the workpiece profiles at different stages of machining were correlated with a reference profile generated using the unworn tool edge. In the LMS ratio method, the material shift ratios were determined from each waveform on the workpiece profile at various stages of tool wear. Among the three methods, the LMS ratio method produced the best correlation with tool flank wear with the maximum R-squared value of 0.9466, while average roughness Ra showed no correlation at all with both major and nose flank wear. The proposed LMS ratio method provides a novel method of measuring the workpiece surface deterioration thus giving correlation result in assessing the workpiece surface deterioration.