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- PublicationKnowledge and practice of preconception care among women in kampung orang asli Ulu Kampar Gopeng Perak(2025-08)Preconception care is an important preventive approach to improve maternal and child health. However, the awareness and practice of preconception care remain limited among the Orang Asli community in Malaysia. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and practice of preconception care among women in Kampung Orang Asli Ulu Kampar, Gopeng, Perak, and to examine the association between them. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 119 Orang Asli women aged 18 years and above. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS Version 28.0, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. The result revealed that 63% of respondents had good knowledge of preconception care, while 79.8% demonstrated good preconception care practices. However, there was no significant association between knowledge and practice (p=0.139). In conclusion, the majority of women practised good preconception care, knowledge gaps remain, particularly in areas such as nutrition and birth spacing. Strengthening health education, improving culturally sensitive outreach services, and conducting further qualitative research are recommended to enhance preconception care in Orang Asli communities.
- PublicationKnowledge, attitude and practice towards 5 moments for hand hygiene among undergraduate nursing students at Univerisiti Sains Malaysia(2025-08)Hand hygiene is essential in healthcare to prevent infections, yet compliance among nursing students remains a challenge. This cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practice towards Five Moments for Hand Hygiene among undergraduate nursing students at Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 141 participants were recruited via convenience sampling, and data were collected using a self-administered validated questionnaire. Results showed that 95.7% of students had good hand hygiene practice, while most had moderate knowledge (72.3%) and attitude (58.9%). Weak, non-significant positive correlations were found between knowledge, attitude, and practice (knowledge-attitude: r = 0.137, p = 0.105; knowledge-practice: r = 0.129, p = 0.127; attitude-practice: r = 0.134, p = 0.111). Furthermore, no significant differences in practice were observed based on gender (χ² = 1.681, p = 0.219), education level (χ² = 0.187, p = 1.000), and year of study (χ² = 2.741, p = 0.506). These findings emphasize the need for ongoing education, regular hand hygiene campaigns, accessible placement of hand rubs and sinks, continuous supervision and practical training to maintain and enhance hand hygiene compliance.
- PublicationThe relationship between parental knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and their attitudes and intentions towards vaccinating their sons with hpv vaccine in secondary schools in Gombak, Selangor(2025-08)Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a significant public health concern globally, affecting both men and women and contributing to various types of cancers. Despite the availability of HPV vaccines in Malaysia, immunisation efforts predominantly target adolescent girls, leaving boys unprotected and contributing to gender disparities in HPV prevention. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between parental knowledge of HPV infection and attitudes toward vaccinating their adolescent sons in secondary schools in Gombak, Selangor. A total of 315 parents participated in the study through self-administered questionnaires adapted from validated scales (GK23 and HABS). The results revealed that only 28.87% of parents demonstrated good knowledge of HPV infection, while 38.7% had poor knowledge. Parental attitudes varied, with concerns noted regarding vaccine safety, lack of communication on sexual health, and misinformation. Statistically significant associations were found between higher parental knowledge and more positive attitudes toward HPV vaccination, as well as between positive attitudes and willingness to vaccinate. The findings underscore the urgent need for inclusive public health policies, targeted educational interventions, and gender-neutral HPV vaccination strategies to enhance vaccine uptake and reduce HPV-related disease burden among Malaysian males.
- PublicationKnowledge, attitude and practice toward the prevention of home accidents among mothers in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia(2025-08)Home accidents remain a major concern for public health, particularly for young children who are highly susceptible to injuries. This study aims to assess the levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the prevention of home accidents among mothers with children under six years old attending outpatient clinics at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted during January until March 2025, with 225 respondents. The mean age of the respondents was 31 years old (SD=4.9), with ages ranging from 20 to 40 years old. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding home accident prevention. Pearson chi square analysis was used to determine the relationship between knowledge and practices, as well as the influence of sociodemographic factors. Results indicated that the majority of mothers had moderate knowledge, but the practice of home accident prevention was insufficient. The study found a significant positive correlation between maternal knowledge and practice towards home accident prevention (X2 = 0.348, p= < 0.01), suggesting that higher levels of knowledge are associated with better preventive practices. Additionally, a significant inverse correlation was observed between maternal education level and knowledge of home accident prevention (X2 = 0.215, p = 0.03). The findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve both knowledge and practices regarding home accident prevention among mothers.
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- PublicationA Model For The Fuzzy Front End Of New Product Development Process(2016-01)In general, New Product Development (NPD) methodology can be broken down into five phases, Strategic Planning. Idea Generation, Pretechnical Evaluation, Technical Development, and Commercialization. The first three steps are known as the front end and the last two are known as the back-end of the NPD methodology. The scope of this research work is limited to the first two steps of the NPD methodology, which are strategic planning and idea generation. The objectives of this research work are I) to piece together the various steps required in executing strategic planning process to ensure its effectiveness and 2) to define guidelines in selecting idea generation techniques that are suitable for a given set of conditions. Through analyzing case studies on thirty cornpapies that have been proven successful in NPD programs, the main factors that have significant impact on the success of NPD strategic planning process are verified and guidelines for selecting suitable idea generation techniques for a given set of conditions are developed.
- PublicationCopper ion removal from aqueous solutions using 3d-printed pla scaffolds coated with chemically treated magnetic particles(2025-08-05)Heavy metal pollution, especially from copper ions, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence and bioaccumulation in water sources. This research develops and evaluates a 3D-printed PLA scaffold coated with APTES-modified silica-coated magnetic particles for efficient copper ion removal from wastewater and assesses the scaffold’s reusability. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were synthesized via co-precipitation, surface-modified with silica to form a core-shell structure, and functionalized with APTES to introduce amine groups. These nanoparticles were dip-coated onto 3D-printed PLA scaffolds. Characterization by FTIR, zeta potential, and SEM-EDX confirmed successful modification and coating. Batch adsorption experiments examined the effects of coating layers, pH, contact time, and reusability on copper adsorption capacity. Results confirmed the successful synthesis of APTES-modified silica-coated magnetic particles. A single dip-coated PLA scaffold showed the highest adsorption capacity compared to multiple coatings. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 5, with a maximum capacity of 115 mg/g after 120 minutes. The coated scaffold retained over 80% adsorption capacity after four adsorption-desorption cycles. These findings suggest the APTES-modified silica-coated magnetic particle coated PLA scaffold is a promising, sustainable adsorbent for heavy metal removal from water.
- PublicationAnalisis prestasi dan perbandingan bagi sistem perhubungan data jalur lebar bertalian tetap ( xdsl dan modem kabel)(2007-03-01)The rapid development of data communication nowadays and the higher demand from users has motivated the research in data communication. This project will present brief introduction to two competitive fixed line broadband implementations which are cable modem and also digital subscriber line (DSL). A deep research regarding the characteristics of these technologies will be performed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. Among various types of digital subscriber line (xDSL), Asymmetry digital subscriber line (ADSL) is focused because of its popularity. This performance analysis concentrates on the factors that affect the services. For ADSL technology, tests are being carried out to prove that the performance is affected by loop length and also noise issue. Besides, attention is drew in their impairment issues especially crosstalk issue for ADSL. Crosstalk is severe phenomenon for DSL technology due to copper technology. Thus, crosstalk modeling is performed to discuss the performance of ADSL in crosstalk environment. Method is proposed to mitigate crosstalk in ADSL system. By carrying out this study, both technologies are being compared. The comparison will indirectly give ideas to enhance the existing services. Besides, both operators can be benefited by being equipped with a clearer knowledge about these technologies.
- PublicationMechanism and kinetic reactions of malaysian ilmenite from terengganu in a hydrochloric acid leaching system(2023-07-01)The potential of ilmenite sand from Sungai Cheniah, Bukit Kelip, Terengganu, Malaysia to produce synthetic rutile through a reductive leaching method that uses hydrochloric acid as a leaching reagent and iron as a reducing agent is studied. Since inadequate information regards ilmenite deposited at this catchment area, it is critical to investigate the properties of the ilmenite that used in this study which can shed light on the behaviour of ilmenite during the leaching process. Based on the characterization analyses, the ilmenite sand, IS is classified as low grade since the TiO2 content is 41.53% right after the pre-treatment process conducted and were used as the feedstock for the leaching process. It is also having wide span value meaning that its h has a wide size fraction of unidentical size particles. Therefore, the liberation study was executed and (+53-63) µm size fraction was selected to be the input of the leaching study as it consists of the highest liberated particles compare to other size fraction. As to determine the optimum conditions of the reductive leaching process for ilmenite, parameters such as concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCI), acid-to-solid ratio, temperature, and concentration of reducing agent was studied using design of experiment (DOE). The result of the leaching process was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and optimal criteria were pointed out to be 9M HCl, 90°C, 0.4g/g of iron powder, and 4g/L solid liquid ratio. The maximum recovery is 96.42% Fe and 97.24% Ti. By developing this analysis statistically which is based on the mathematical models, it could be useful for predicting and comprehending the effects of experimental conditions. To elucidate the reaction kinetics and mechanism of ilmenite leaching in HCl solution, only HCl concentration and temperature were considered as the factors for leaching study. Based on Fe-Ti correlation for both factors, it shows that the Fe dissolved two-time folds compared to Ti dissolution. This direct leaching of ilmenite particles obeyed a shrinking core kinetic model, supporting the view that the proton diffusion through a product layer is the rate-controlling step. This can be supported by the activation energy values obtained for both 32.3 kJ/mol Fe and 30.2kJ/mol Ti which is below 40 kJ/mol which indicates the diffusion control rate.
- PublicationPrevalence and risk factors of endocrine disorder in childhood brain tumor survivors: a single- centre study(2023)Objective: We aimed to study the prevalence and risk factors of endocrine disorder in childhood brain tumor survivors. Methodology: This study took place at Hospital USM and recruited 124 childhood brain tumor survivors from January 2002 till December 2017. We included brain tumor survivors, 18 years old or younger with either stable disease or in remission and survived for at least 2 years after diagnosis. Demographic data (age at diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status), clinical clues for endocrine disorders, anthropometrics (weight, height, midparental height), pubertal stage according to Tanner staging, tumor-related characteristics, treatment modalities and endocrine laboratory measurements at diagnosis and during follow up. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate risk factors of endocrine disorder in childhood brain tumor survivors. Results: The prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors was 62.1%. The risk factors were high BMI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.29 , 95% CI: 1.12 to 1.5] , high risk site [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 7.15, 95% CI: 1.41 to 36.3] dan chemotherapy [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.18 , 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.62]. Conclusion: The prevalence of endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors in our centre was 62.1%. The significant risk factors were high BMI, tumor location (suprasellar and intrasellar) and chemotherapy.