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- PublicationAcute abdominal pain and potential life-threatening outcome in adult patients presenting in emergency department Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia(2020)Background Abdominal pain is one of the most common reasons for patient visits to the emergency department (ED). We aim to study the presentation of acute abdominal pain (AAP) in ED, the prevalence of potentially life-threatening AAP, and its associated factors. Methods This was a retrospective medical record review of ED visits for AAP among patients aged ≥12 years old from January to May 2018 at our suburban, academic tertiary centre ED in the east coast of Malaysia. A total of 945 cases were identified and 390 cases were selected by simple randomization. Results A total of 335 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 39.23±16.42 years. The majority were female (52.8%), Malays (95.2%), and came within 24 hours of the symptom (50.4%). The prevalence of potentially life-threatening AAP was 26% or 87 out of 335 patients. Its most frequent diagnosis was acute appendicitis (55.2%) followed by acute cholecystitis (11.5%) and ectopic pregnancy (6.9%). Factors predictive towards potentially life-threatening AAP were right iliac fossa pain (AOR 11.8, 95% CI 3.89 to 36.34, p<0.001), right hypochondriac pain (AOR 6.29, 95% CI: 1.61 to 24.67, p=0.008), generalized abdominal pain (AOR 6.28, 95% CI 1.39 to 28.43, p=0.017), loss of appetite (AOR 7.64, 95% CI 1.85 to 31.55, p=0.005), tachycardia (AOR 7.64, 95% CI 1.4 to 9.93, p=0.008), fever (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.05 to 7.44, p=0.039), leucocytosis (AOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.44 to 8.7, p=0.006) and low haemoglobin level (AOR 18.26, 95% CI 2.45 to 136, p=0.005). ConclusionA comprehensive history and clinical examination such as location of pain, loss of appetite, fever and tachycardia combined with laboratory testing to look for leucocytosis and anaemia may facilitate effective assessment in detecting potentially life-threatening AAP in ED
- PublicationThe three-dimensional mapping of the surface analysis of electromagnetic navigation systems using surface registration in ethnic Malaysian features(2019)Introduction Since its introduction, surgical navigation systems have become integrated into surgical practices that include complex nasal endoscopic procedures to avoid serious complication such as injury to the optic nerve, the carotid artery, the dura mater and the brain parenchyma. Objective We aimed to determine the accuracy of image guided system (IGS) by using different timing interval of computed tomography scan of paranasal sinus and our experience in performing the surface marking. Methods A cross sectional study was done. Subjects were recruited from patients planned for endoscopic sinus surgery with IGS, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The image guided navigation measurements were compared to the actual anatomical measurements of intercanthal distance of both eyes and the tangential line of inverted triangle to the philtrum. The estimated time to register the IGS was recorded. All measurements were done at the same time as the calibration of the IGS. Results The mean intercanthal distance measured by IGS was 38.17 mm (SD 3.34) whereas the actual intercanthal distance was 38.17 mm (SD 3.37 mm). The tangential line measured by IGS was 46.62 (SD 3.39) whereas the actual measurement of the tangential line was 46.47mm (SD 3.27). The was no significant difference in both measurements between IGS and actual anatomical measurements (p=0.804 and 0.496, respectively).Conclusions Even with the different intervals there was not much deviation from the actual anatomical distance. The IGS is accurate and is applicable for use in Asian patients
- PublicationKesan Intervensi Pekerja Sosial Ke Atas Dinamik Kelompok Masyarakat: Kes Rancangan Pemdasmian Kemiskinan Di Jawa Darat, Indonesia(1996-02)Kajian lni mengenal kesan intervensi pekerja sosial ke atas dinamik kelompok masyarakat, kes kelompok sasaran rancangan pembasmian kemiskinan. Kajian dilakukan di jawa barat, indonesia pada bulan mei sampai ogos 1995. Kajian ini bertujuan; (i) untuk memahami kesan intervensi pekerja sosial ke atas dinamik kelompok masyarakat. (ii) untuk mengenal pasti petunjuk-petunjuk yang boleh digunakan dalam menjelaskan dinamik kelompok masyarakat, dan (iii) untuk menilai dinamik kelompok masyarakat yang telah memperoleh intervensi pekerja sosial (kelompok ujikaji) dan kelompok masyarakat yang tidak memperoleh pekerja sosial (kelompok kawalan). Intervensi pentingnya kajian lni adalah kerana la dapat memberi gambaran mengenai ke atas masalah keberkesanan intervensi pekerja sosial yang dihadapi masyarakat lapisan bawahan dan juga dapat memberi panduan kepada .Pembuat dasar tempatan dan atau di indonesia dalam bekerja dengan kelompok-kelompok sasaran dari suatu rancangan pembangunan.
- PublicationPenggunaan Natrium Glukonat Sebagai Agen Pengkompleks Dalam Proses Penyaduran Tanpa Elektrik Kuprum(1996-12)Kajian tentang penggunaan natrium glukonat sebagai agen pengkompleks dalam larutan penyaduran tanpa elektrik kuprum bagi pelaplsan kuprum ke atas plastik akrilonitril butadiena stirena (ass) telah dijalankan. Pengkompleks asid etilena diamina tetraasetik (edta) dan natrium kalium tartrat telah digunakan sebagai perbandingan terhadap glukonat. Kajian beberapa gabungan glukonat-edta dengan nisbah kompleks glukonat-edta 1 :1, 1:2 dan 2:1 juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesannya terhadap kestabilan, ph, kadar pelapisan, suhu dan kepekatan komponen aktif. Didapati penggunaan pengkompleks glulmnat-edta (1 :1) [komposisi larutan terdiri daripada kuprum sulfat 5-hidrat sebanyak 8.0 gil, natrium glukonat -. Sebanyak 3.5 gil, edta sebanyak 6.0 gil, formaldehida (37 ok) sebanyak 90.0 mill dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 10.0 gil] adalah lebih stabil berbanding dengan larutan yang hanya mengandungi pengkompleks glukonat sahaja [komposisi larutannya terdiri daripada kuprum sulfat 5-hidrat sebanyak 8.0 gil, natrium glukonat sebanyak 7.0 g/l, formaldehida (37 o..{,) sebanyak 90.0 mill dan natrium hidroksida sebanyak 10.0 gil]. Larutan penyaduran tanpa elektrik kuprum yang menggunakan penqkornpleks tartrat paling tidak stabil. Keadaan operasi yang optimum bagi pengkompleks glukonat ialah ph antara 12.4-12.6 dan pada suhu bilik. Kadar pelapisan bagi larutan menggunakan pengkompleks glukonat adalah paling perlahan manakala kadar pelapisan bagi pengkompleks edta yang paling cepat.
- PublicationEmbriogenesis Somatik Dan Penginokulatan In Vitro Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum) Dengan Kulat(1997-06)Three types of explants used in this experiment were spindle, . Apical meristem and subapical meristem. From the culturing process, the production of calli were identified as compact callus, soft callus and mucilagenous callus. The first two calli are embryogenic. From the comparison done, the spindle explant was capable in producing the embryogenic calli when cultured on the ms medium with the presence of 2,4-d (2,4- dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) and activated carbon. Explants on the ms medium + 3.0 mg/l 2,4-d and 2.5 gil activated carbon produced the largest quantity of calli. Somatic embryogenesis process was achieved through the culturing of embryogenic callus on the ms medium + 0.25 mg/i kinetin + 2.5 g/l activated carbon for the purpose of multiple shoots formation. Ms medium + 5.0 mg/l naa (ce-naphtalene acetic acid) and 2.5 gil activated carbon were used in roots induction. However, the additional of 7% of sucrose in this medium increased the quality of roots produced. The somatic embryogenesis process produced the complete somatic embryo which consists of scutellum, coleoptile, shoot meristem, col eorhiza and root meristem from the embryogenic callus. A complete plantlet was produced within 3 months of culturing. The presence of somaclonal variation were observed amongst plantlets which include these characteristic; colour and shape of the leaves, as well as the height of the plantlets.
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- PublicationFabrication and characterization of electrospinning biodegradable fabric layer for face mask application(2022-08-19)The increased use of 3-ply facemasks has raised concerns about the pollution they cause to the environment. The non-biodegradability of current 3-ply facemasks is highlighted because it is difficult to manage the waste and much more pollution is created when facemasks are discarded. Several studies have been conducted in order to improve the filtration layer on a consistent basis by using biodegradable polymers as an alternative. The present study aimed to fabricate polylactic acid (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co terephthalate) (PBAT) and PLA/PBAT fibre mat layers. The effect of different needle sizes on the properties and morphology of PLA and PBAT fibre mats was identified by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tabletop, ImageJ and Universal Tensile Machine (UTS). In addition, the effect of single and binary solvents was investigated to produce PLA/PBAT fibre mat layer. Results showed that small size needles produced small-diameter fibres. The best needles to use for the fabrication of the PLA and PBAT fibre mats are 25G and 23G, respectively based on the fibre diameter and tensile properties. A 25G needle produced the smallest diameter and compact fibre mat. However, a 21G needle produced a PLA fibre mat with the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus. On the other hand, a 25G needle is the best needle size to produce a PBAT fibre mat with good tensile properties. Binary solvents using DCM and DMF produced continuous and thinner fibres and showed higher tensile properties compared to the single solvent system.
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- PublicationThe anxiety effect of a generalized epilepsy rat model treated with zolpidem(2025-07)Generalized epilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures originating from both cerebral hemispheres, is often associated with anxiety, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. This study investigated the anxiolytic effects of zolpidem, a GABAA receptor modulator, in a kainic acid (KA)-induced generalized epilepsy rat model. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were assigned to six groups: Sham, KA only, KA + 1mg/kg zolpidem, KA + 3mg/kg zolpidem, 1mg/kg zolpidem only, and 3mg/kg zolpidem only. Generalized epilepsy induced through intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of KA (7.5mg/kg to 15mg/kg, as needed). Zolpidem was administered orally at a daily dose for 14 consecutive days. Anxiety-related behaviours were assessed using the open-field test (OFT) before and after zolpidem treatment, while body weight, feed intake, and water consumption were monitored daily. Histopathological analysis of the hippocampus was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to assess morphological alterations, including neuronal loss and disruption of tissue architecture, associated with anxiety-related pathology in kainic acid-induced generalized epilepsy, and to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of zolpidem treatment. KA injection successfully induced generalised epilepsy, with all KA-injected rats reaching a seizure severity score of 4 on the Modified Racine Scale. In the OFT, central zone entries significantly increased (p < 0.01) following intervention in the KA + 1mg/kg ZOL group, indicating a potential anxiolytic effect. The KA + 3mg/kg zolpidem group also showed a significant increase (p < 0.05), but the effect was less pronounced than at the lower dose. In contrast, the 3mg/kg zolpidem-only group exhibited reduced entries and time spent in the central zone post-intervention (both) showing p < 0.01), suggesting a potential anxiogenic effect at higher doses in non-epileptic animals. However, total distance travelled showed no significant differences across groups, indicating zolpidem’s effects were more specific to anxiety-related exploratory behaviour than general locomotion. These behavioural findings align with cage-side observations, which associated KA-induced generalized epilepsy with anxiety-like behaviour. No significant differences in body weight, feed efficiency, or water consumption were observed across groups. Histological analysis revealed characteristic neuronal damage in the hippocampus of KA-treated rats, including hypereosinophilia of the cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and granule cell dispersion (GCD). Notably, the KA + 1mg/kg zolpidem group exhibited reduced neuronal damage compared to the KA only and KA + 3mg/kg zolpidem groups. Paradoxically, both zolpidem-only groups also displayed neurodegenerative changes, suggesting potential adverse effects of prolonged zolpidem exposure in the absence of epilepsy. These findings suggest that zolpidem at 1mg/kg reduces anxiety in generalized epilepsy, potentially mitigating the epilepsy-associated psychiatric comorbidity. However, a higher dose of 3mg/kg may exacerbate anxiety and neuronal damage, highlighting the importance of precise dosing to optimize therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse effects.
- PublicationPosttraumatic Growth And Psychosocial, Cancer And Treatment Related Factors In Head And Neck Cancer: Assessing Their Associations In A Cross-Sectional Study(2022-09)This cross-sectional study aimed to translate and validate the Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF) and Cancer Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (CTSQ) into Malay (phase 1 of the study) and to determine the associations between unmet supportive needs, fear of cancer progression, healthrelated quality of life, expectation and satisfaction with cancer therapy, and posttraumatic growth (PTG) among a group of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients (phase 2 of the study). In phase 1, 200 participants of various types of cancer were administered with the drafted Malay versions of FoP-Q-SF (FoP-Q-SF-M) and CTSQ (CTSQ-M). The reliability and validity for both of them were assessed. In phase 2, 200 HNC participants were administered with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-H&N35 (EORTC QLQ-H & N35), Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Cancer Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (CTSQ) and 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey- Short Form (SCNS-SF34). The associations between each one of them and PTG were determined by general multivariate regression model with bootstrapping with 2000 replications.
- PublicationKeselamatan dan kesihatan di sebuah kuari(2004-03-01)Quarrying involved variety of activities that need to pay attention to the health and safety that involved manager, workers and the other person at the quarry, and the public. The aim of this project is to study about the occupational health and safety at a quarry. Other aspect that will be studied is that related to the source, effect, monitoring and the ways to prevent and to control the common accident and disease that occur at a quarry. This report is to summarize about the study that have been done about the cases that involved occupational safety and health at a quarry. Among those covered that will be are the ways of the safety and handling of the explosives and blasting, loading, controlling of the fly rock, monitoring of the dust, noise, etc.