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- PublicationThe Effect Of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (Efb) Loading, Glycerol Addition And Anhydride Modification On The Properties Of Polylactic Acid (Pla) Biocomposite(2025-09)This study aimed to develop biomass-reinforced biocomposites by using empty fruit bunch (EFB) as reinforcement materials in PLA. At the same time, PLA/EFB composite was added with glycerol, which was a plasticizer to study the effect of glycerol in these biocomposites.
- PublicationLin Yutang’s Translation Habitus From The Perspective Of Socio-Translation Studies(2025-08)Socio-Translation Studies (STS) examines translators’ agency, professional trajectories, and social positioning. Translator studies often overemphasize individual subjectivity while overlooking social constraints. Besides, diachronic analysis of the interplay between a translator’s agency and external fields remains insufficient. As a key aspect of translator studies, translator’s habitus has gained increasing scholarly attention for shaping translation behaviours. Lin Yutang, a prolific translator, made significant contributions to promoting Chinese culture globally. Existing research on him, however, is limited, and studies from an STS perspective, particularly on his translation habitus, are under-explored. In view of this, a comprehensive approach is needed to explore his translation habitus. This study thus explores the formation, embodiment, and dynamics of Lin’s translation habitus within a broader sociocultural context, coupled with the reception and its underlying causes of his translations.
- PublicationThe Impact Of Mindfullness In The Relationship Of Financial Literacy And Financial Wellbeing: Evidence From Balochistan, Pakistan(2025-08)Financial literacy is widely recognized as a fundamental element in empowering individuals to make informed financial decisions and attain financial wellbeing. Despite its importance, a notable dearth of research exists on financial literacy levels and their impact on financial wellbeing in Pakistan, particularly in economically disadvantaged and demographically diverse regions such as Balochistan. This study aims to explore the influence of psychological factors (financial optimism, financial self-efficacy, mindfulness), financial factors (financial awareness, financial literacy), and social factors (financial socialization agents) on the financial wellbeing of individuals residing in Balochistan. Specifically, the research investigates mindfulness and financial self-efficacy as moderating variables, with financial literacy serving as a mediating variable within the framework. Grounded in the Dual Process Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Consumer Socialization Theory, this research contributes to the existing literature by integrating these theoretical perspectives to evaluate the determinants of financial literacy and financial wellbeing in Balochistan.
- PublicationLife experience after bariatric surgery among patients with morbid obesity in east coast peninsular Malaysia: A qualitative study(2022)Background: Living with morbid obesity is challenging as it affects various dimensions of life. Sustainable weight loss via bariatric surgery helped people suffering from morbid obesity to lead a healthy and meaningful life. Aim: This study highlights the challenges before bariatric surgery and the impact of the surgery on the patient’s quality of life. Methods: A qualitative study utilising the phenomenology approach, using semi-structured indepth interviews, was conducted among 21 participants. Only those patients who had undergone bariatric surgery at least six months ago were included in this study. The interview data were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and managed in an analytic computer software NVivo12. The data were analysed thematically to identify themes and subthemes related to challenges before the surgery and the impact of the surgery by applying the humanistic theory using Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs. Results: Five themes were discovered: (1) Social restrain; (2) Experiencing bias and stigmatisation before the surgery; (3) Brings new life; (4) Boost self-esteem; and (5) Facing the negative side of surgery after the surgery. The physical limitation due to their abnormal body weight had a serious negative impact on their social life and made them targets of bias and stigmatisation. Bariatric surgery was the best option for them to attain sustainable weight loss and lead a new life. However, a few of the patients struggle with the side effects of surgery. Conclusion: This study serves as a platform to explore the difficulties faced by people with morbid obesity and the changes that the participants experience after the surgery for future intervention to curb the rising number of people with morbid obesity.
- PublicationMagnetic resonance imaging brain volumetry among adult malay male regular kratom leaves users(2022)Backgrounds: Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) or commonly known as kratom, is an indigenous plant commonly found in Southeast Asia with a long history of traditional use as herbal remedies for various ailments, usually consumed as painkillers and to combat fatigue. More recently, apart from the medicinal benefit, it has gained popularity for use as a recreational drug and as an opioid substitute. Despite the increasing usage across the globe, the potential side-effects of prolonged kratom use on brain morphometry, however, are currently unclear. Methods: Twenty-two regular adult kratom users and thirty non-kratom users who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prior research were included in this cross-sectional study. Manual tracing of brain volumetry for total intracranial volume (TIV or ICV), total brain volume (TBV), caudate nucleus, and putamen were performed for all the participants. The difference in means for TIV, TBV, caudate nucleus, and putamen between kratom and non-kratom users were determined using an independent statistical t-test. Results: The mean (SD) total intracranial volume and mean total brain volume (SD) among regular adult kratom leave users were 1502.28 (95.41) cm3 and 1388.63 (118.03) cm3, respectively. For kratom user subjects, the mean (SD) for the right, left, and total caudate nucleus volumes reported were 3.89 (0.48) cm3, 3.96 (0.49) cm3, and 7.86 (0.95) cm3, respectively. While for the right, left and total putamen volume, the mean (SD) reported were 4.31 (0.29) cm3, 4.37 (0.26) cm3 and 8.67 (0.52) cm3 respectively. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in the mean total intracranial volume (TIV or ICV) and total brain volume (TBV) between kratom users and the controls. However, there was an increase in mean caudate nucleus and putamen volume (p<0.05) for kratom users relative to the controls. Conclusion: This study showed long-term consumption of kratom is associated with altered subcortical brain structures (caudate nucleus and putamen) in regular kratom users in traditional settings. However, further study is needed to establish more data on kratom use and its effects with regard to brain morphometry.
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- PublicationLegalisation Process And Rights Of Persons Of Indonesian Descents (Pids) Residing In Mindanao, Philippines(2023-09)This research study focuses on the legalisation process and rights of persons of Indonesian descent (PIDs) residing in Mindanao, Philippines, using the concepts of legalisation and push and pull theory. The study explores the challenges faced by PIDs in obtaining legal recognition and protection of their rights, and investigates the factors that influence their decision to stay in Mindanao even after obtaining Indonesian nationality. The research methodology utilized for this study involved conducting interview sessions and administering mini-questionnaires to collect primary data from PIDs who have undergone the legalisation process and obtained the status of Registered Indonesian Nationals (RINs). The collected data were analyzed using qualitative methods to identify patterns and themes.The findings of the study reveal that the legalisation process for PIDs in Mindanao, Philippines is arduous, involving navigating through bureaucratic procedures, documentation requirements, and legal complexities. PIDs face challenges related to language barriers, lack of knowledge about legal processes, and limited access to legal assistance, which pose significant barriers to their legalisation process. Despite these challenges, a significant number of PIDs obtain Indonesian nationality and become RINs. However, the study finds that many of them choose to remain residing in Mindanao even after obtaining Indonesian nationality. This phenomenon can be attributed to various push and pull factors. The push factors influencing the decision of PIDs to stay in Mindanao include economic challenges, lack of job opportunities, poverty, and social discrimination in Indonesia, which may discourage them from returning to their home country
- PublicationMicrocontroller-based inverter with loading feedback(2010-04-01)The primary goal of this project is to implement and test a design of microcontroller-based single phase inverter with loading feedback. The type of switching technique used in this project is sinusoidal pulse-width modulation switching technique. The input voltage is 24 Vdc, and the output voltage is 240 Vrms without filtering circuit. The frequency of an output voltage is 50 Hz and output power around 100 W. The microcontroller, PIC16F877A is used to directly generate the sinusoidal pulse-width-modulated switching signals and to detect the loading feedback of an inverter. The complete design is simulated by using PESIM software and PIC Simulator IDE software. The schematic circuit is also draw using Eagle software. The simulation results are compared with the measurement obtained from the hardware testing. The output of this inverter is modified square-wave and contained harmonic. A second order LC filter is used in order to eliminate the unwanted harmonics that occur at the output of an inverter. The simulation result shown this design can produce the high efficiency. However, the practical implementation fails to yield a desired output.
- PublicationUjian model gegaran cerucuk - kesan parameter kedalaman penusukan cerucuk(2005-04-01)Tests on pile with various depths of penetration were conducted for this research. The 10 kg hammer was choosen to drive in 80 mm diameter piles. Ground vibrations were recorded while driving the piles and the level coressponding to each depth were recorded. It was difficult to simply relate depth to the level of vibration. The resulting ground vibration was found to vary based on the strength of soil being penetrated by the pile. For this particular test, the soft soil in the intermidiate depth has caused the low vibrations while the initial and the final part of piling had caused the higher vibrations.
- PublicationPengaruh Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Pengintegrasian Teknologi Guru Sains Sekolah Rendah Terhadap Amalan Pedagogi Pendidikan Stem, Multidisiplin Dan Pengajaran Isu Global Alam Sekitar(2025-03)Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pengaruh pengetahuan dan sikap pengintegrasian teknologi guru sains sekolah rendah terhadap amalan pedagogi pendidikan stem, multidisiplin dan pengajaran isu global alam sekitar. Selain itu, pengalaman mengajar sebagai moderator terhadap amalan pedagogi pendidikan stem, multidisiplin dan pengajaran isu global alam sekitar turut dikaji. Sehubungan itu, seramai 464 orang guru sains sekolah rendah di tujuh buah negeri di malaysia telah terpilih secara rawak dengan menggunakan kaedah pensampelan berstrata tidak berkadar untuk memilih sekolah sebagai sampel kajian. Manakala data pula diperoleh daripada responden dengan menggunakan soal selidik yang terdiri daripada lima bahagian utama iaitu pengetahuan pengintegrasian teknologi, sikap pengintegrasian teknologi, amalan pedagogi pendidikan stem dan amalan pengajaran isu global alam sekitar. Kesemua 140 item kajian memperoleh nilai cronbach’s alpha yang tinggi dan tinggi iaitu .98.
- PublicationEvaluation of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth and axial length among juvenile open angle glaucoma patients(2022)INTRODUCTION Juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) is a subset of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), characterized by a pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. Diagnosed at early age, patients with JOAG are expected to have longer life expectancy. They are usually associated with more severe and rapidly progressive disease. JOAG has insidious onset and is usually detected late stage of the disease with typically advance optic nerve damage and intraocular pressure of more than 40mmHg. Early detection particularly due to screening of family members with positive family history of JOAG. Literature on morphologic features of JOAG is limited. By studying those features will help clinician in determining which morphologic features associated with progression of the disease. While family members with positive morphologic features particularly will be screened more regularly, preventing late detection of the disease. OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate central cornea thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL), in JOAG patients, and its association with JOAG severity. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2020 until November 2021 involving 3 tertiary ophthalmology centres. The study involved 2 groups of patients which is JOAG groups and control group (age-sex matched). They were grouped into mild, moderate and severe group using modified AGIS scoring system with reliable and reproducible SITA standard 24-2 Humphrey visual field results. A-scan was performed in order to measure ACD, and AL. AS-OCT was performed to measure CCT. RESULTS A total of 120 patients were recruited in this study, whereby 60 patients were included in JOAG group and 60 patients without ocular comorbidities were included in control group. Slightly more male patients 53.3% (n = 32) in JOAG group, and 51.7% (n = 31) in control group. Mean age is 27.97±7.1 in both groups. From the JOAG group, at their first presentation, majority were from severe stage 68.3% (n = 41) followed by early stage 26.7% (n = 16), and moderate stage 5% (n = 3). While at recruitment, majority were from severe stage as well which increased to 70% (n = 42), followed by early stage 16.7% (n = 10), and moderate stage 13.3% (n = 8). We found that statistically significant changes of severity from first presentation and at recruitment (p=<0.001). There was significant difference in CCT (556.23±28.93mm, p=0.008) and AL (25.16±1.63mm, p= <0.001) between JOAG and control group. Multiple linear regression showed that presenting IOP, and AL were associated with severity of JOAG. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant mean difference in CCT and AL between JOAG and control groups. There was a significant positive linear relationship between CCT and AL with JOAG. We concluded that presenting IOP and AL were associated with severity of JOAG