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- PublicationMSG162 – Applied Statistical Methods 2024(2024-07)Second Semester Examination 2023/2024 Academic Session
- PublicationMAT181 - Programming for Scientific Applications 2024(2024-07)Second Semester Examination 2023/2024 Academic Session
- PublicationMAT161 - Elementary Statistics 2024(2024-07)Second Semester Examination 2023/2024 Academic Session
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- PublicationIonospheric and geomagnetic disturbance study during seismic activity in southeast asia using space borne and ground sensor(2021-10-01)Many studies on the pre-earthquake involving various methods have been conducted to understand the earthquake activity. The Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) effect describes what physical processes are involved prior to an earthquake. Southeast Asia is a region where earthquakes have a high frequency to occur, and the earthquake’s studies in this region still lack and poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to understand the pre-earthquake behaviour by investigating the behaviour of the geomagnetic field and the components before an earthquake. The geomagnetic field data is collected using space borne sensors and ground sensors. Satellite data will be collected by the CHAMP and Swarm satellites, while MAGDAS will collect ground sensor data. This study is based on the major earthquakes (M>6.5) that happened in Southeast Asia for eleven years, from 2008 to 2018. Two weeks prior to every listed earthquake, the data was collected, filtered, and distinguished from any unrelated geomagnetic anomalies such as solar activities and magnetic storms. Based on the result, at least one disturbed profile would appear before a major earthquake. The dominant component that showed the most significant anomalies on every disturbed profile was the y-component and N-component for satellites and MAGDAS data, respectively. Lastly, the mass collecting data from both satellite and ground sensors hopefully will be helpful to the improvement for the future real-time earthquake precursor in the Southeast Asia region.
- PublicationMatching algorithm of sign writing translation on altera's fpga de2 board(2012-06-01)This project is to build a system that is capable of detecting and recognizing the symbol of sign writing in an image from computer by using matching algorithm. This system is built based on Altera’s FPGA DE2-70 board which contains a Nios II soft core processor. The image processing techniques are used to smooth the image by clearing the noise of image and background, and then translate the symbol of sign writing into text. The matching algorithm is built for translating the symbol of sign writing in the image to text word and display the result on the 16x2 LCD modules. Computer software, like Altera’s Quartus II, SOPC Builder and Nios II EDS, are used to construct this system. By using SOPC Builder, components on the Altera’s FPGA DE2-70 board can said that interconnected easily and orderly if it compared to traditional method where typical time consuming lengthy source code needs to be written for the same purpose. Next, Altera’s Quartus II is used to compile and download the design of project components to Altera’s FPGA DE2-70 board by using programmer. And then, under Nios II EDS, C programming language is used to code the matching algorithm and behavior of Nios II processor to manipulate the components on Altera’s FPGA DE2-70 board to obtain the desired result. By doing so, this project would help human to understand and to learn sign writing as well as to generate an easier communication way between us and deaf people and also further explore the importance of sign writing.
- PublicationFlex force smart glove for therapy treatment using arduino and raspberry pi(2020-10-01)The rehabilitation process of a stroke patient is lengthy and complex, yet necessary to recover the flexibility of muscle movement and reduce the risk of a recurrent stroke. In addition, a multitude of microprocessors and microcontrollers are available on the market, each with its pros and cons in terms of features and performance. Therefore, this work purposes flex force smart glove to assist physician to monitor the rehabilitation process of a stroke patient remotely via a data collecting glove using flex sensors. In this work, Raspberry Pi is employed to process the data obtained and connect to the internet, while an Arduino interfaces with electronic components in the system. An Android application is also included, which accesses the data from the Raspberry Pi on the network. Through performance analysis on the Arduino and Raspberry Pi, it was found that the Arduino is able to output data at an average interval of 1.785 milliseconds at 115200 baud rate. However, the communication between the Arduino and Raspberry Pi reduces the performance to average interval of 5.121 milliseconds. In addition, this work also demonstrates the ability of the Raspberry Pi to perform complex processes without substantial performance degradation in this application. Performance analysis on the Android application also revealed a further reduction on rate of transmission, which requires 63.42 milliseconds on one-to-many transmission and 9.89 milliseconds on one-to-one transmission.
- PublicationCharacterization of EBT3 radiochromic film for precise measurement of output factors in stereotactic radiosurgery.(2015)Radiochromic film become a demanding tool in a work of characterizing dosimetric properties in small field stereotactic radiosurgery. The aim of this project is to perform a comparative study in measuring output factor using EBT3 radiochromic film and PTW PinPoint Ion Chamber. Output factor measurements using EBT3 films and PTW PinPoint Ion Chamber were performed using 6MV photon beam from medical linear accelerator .The measurements was done in solid water phantom and CNMC Model 74-320 water phantom. Measurements were done at dmax (1.5cm ) depth inside water phantom and 100 cm source surface distance. Results: Percentage difference of measured output factor with EBT3 Gafchromic film and PTW Ion PinPoint Chamber was approximately 10-11%. Analysis on dose response for EBT3 and EBT2 gives difference approximately 4% in magnitude. The result obtained for scanning orientation study show minimal difference in output factors for different side orientation which differs by less than 2%. Variations for all doses were found to be less than 0.16 (net difference of optical density) for 4°C and 28°C but 0.026 for 37°C. Net optical density for the films stored in 37°C recorded huge difference in relative standard deviation which approximately only 4% compared to 4°C and 28°C which are 34-37% but still represents linear relationship with dose. EBT3 is suitable for measurements of output factor in stereotactic radiosurgery and can be use on validation of dose when high spatial resolution is required for clinical practice.
- PublicationPreparation and characterization of kenaf fiber filled starch grafted polypropylene composites(2022-07-01)Starch-g-PP is an advantageous polymeric material due to environmental friendliness but its mechanical properties limit its potential in material selection. Therefore, thermoplastic starch and natural fibers were produced to solve this problem. In this research, kenaf fiber was incorporated into starch-g-PP to form composites in order to improve the properties of starch-g-PP. The composites were prepared by melt-mixing process by using an internal mixer and then compression molded to produce the sample. Effects of KF loading and compatibilizer on starch-g-PP were investigated. The tensile strength of the composites increased with increasing KF loading up to 30wt.% and decreased thereafter. The tensile modulus of the composites increased with increasing KF loading from 10-40 wt.%. Moreover, the flexural strength increased with increasing KF loading with 40 wt.% was highest about 34.47 MPa and the flexural modulus of the composites increased about 52.48-326.73% with increasing KF loading from 10-40 wt.%. This was attributed to the incorporation of KF which was used as reinforcements to thermoplastic starch. Besides, the tensile strength of KF was relatively higher than starch-g-PP. The increment was due to chemical similarity between starch and fiber which consist mainly of cellulose, improve the interfacial adhesion and leads to bring stress transfer from matrix to fibers. Then, maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) was incorporated into composites as a compatibilizer to improve the mechanical properties. The optimum enhancements in tensile and flexural strength were served with addition of 3 wt.% compatibilizer. The higher mechanical properties of compatibilizes composites than uncompatibilized composites probably due to chemical reaction between anhydride group of MAPP and hydroxyl (-OH) group of KF which could improve the interfacial interaction between matrix-fiber. This was revealed in SEM by surface morphology. From SEM, there have no gaps between matrix and fiber. In addition, thermal behavior of starch-g-PP composites was studied from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Lastly, water absorption and soil burial test were carried out to evaluate the performance of the composites. The incorporation of KF and compatibilizer resulted in decreased water uptake. This was believed due to less hydrophilic behavior of KF than starch and the formation of strong fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion with the presence of compatibilizer. The composites experience deteriorated after 7 days of water immersion, ascertained from the water uptake, reduction in flexural properties, morphological properties and composites’ structure change. Exposure of uncompatibilized and compatibilized of starch-g-PP compositesto soil burial test for a period of 60 days resulted in decrease of tensile properties due to penetration of water molecules and microorganism attack. The addition of KF into composites decreases the biodegradation rate due to less hydrophilic nature of KF than starch. However, the reduction in tensile properties upon soil burial observed for uncompatibilized composites was higher than compatibilized composites due to poor interfacial interaction between matrix-fiber. The biodegradation of the composites is also revealed by percentage weight loss, SEM examination and structural changes. The biodegradability of starch-g-PP was also compared with polypropylene. For all cases, there are insignificant changes in weight loss, tensile properties, morphology and structural changes even after 60 days of soil burial. This was attributed to more hydrophobic characteristics of polypropylene than starch.
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