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- PublicationEffect of liquid cooling on performance of lithium ion battery(2023-07-23)This research studies the effect on static immersion cooling (SIC) on performance of lithium ion battery that has 22.2V and 5200mAh. An acrylic tank containing a dielectric fluid (mineral oil) which is a non-conductive liquid components, is used to submerge the Li-ion battery . A DC loader acts as a discharger to provide load current for the 1C and 3C discharge rates.The effect of discharge rate on battery setting temperature will be measured in natural convection(NC) for 1C,2C and 3C to obtain the worst case scenario.From the experiment,as the discharge rate increases ,the heat gain increases significantly linearly .The submerge levels of immersion cooling is analyzed where the mineral oil is filled up to height of 7cm(partial) and 12cm(full). Then, the temperature of battery and mineral oil in SIC is measured by thermocouples. By comparing data from SIC and natural convection condition,the results shows that ,temperature of Li-ion battery in SIC condition is lower than NC environment. The results also showed that NC for 3C and 1C has the highest temperature difference which is 10.596℃ and 7.73℃ among all whereas for PIC for 3C and 1C is 10.434℃ and 7.316℃. Hence,in PIC is slightly lower than NC. Lastly ,the heat gain for the mineral oil due to heat transfer between Li-ion battery is compared and analyzed. From calculation, when 3C full immersion cooling (FIC ) and PIC ,the heat gain is 6.927KJ and 4.667KJ whereas for 1C FIC and PIC is 1.9071KJ and 1.8216KJ.In conclusion,volume of mineral oil is significant for an efficient heat transfer.
- PublicationAssociation between food management behaviours and household food waste among working adults in health campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia(2025-01)Recent research has begun to demonstrate the vital role of daily food provision practices in influencing household food waste. Food waste occurs throughout the food chain, yet homes are the primary contributor. The purpose of this research, is to investigate the association between food management behaviours and household food waste among working adults at Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kubang Kerian, Malaysia. In this study, a sample size of 215 working adults from the School of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, and School of Dentistry was recruited using stratified random sampling based on inclusion criteria. However, only 180 responses were gathered and analyzed with SPSS version 29.0. Among the five investigated factors, Food Storage Behaviour (FSB) (p=0.876) and Leftover Consumption Behavior (LCB) (p=0.764) were not significantly associated with household food waste (p > 0.05). However, Food Purchase Planning Behaviour (FPB) (p < .001), Food Purchase Behaviour in Store (FPBI-S) (p < .001), and Food Planning Preparation Behaviour (FPPB) (p=.039), demonstrated significant associations. The findings of this study, as well as previous studies by other researchers, can be utilized to drive effective interventions that focus on specific food waste situations and interactions in greater depth. The intervention could particularly help to shift the focus from analysis to solutions.
- PublicationEvaluation of nutritional properties and sensory acceptance of commercially available orange juices in Kota Bharu, Kelantan(2025-01)Orange juice is well-known for its nutritional benefits and has been a popular fruit juice choice worldwide. However, information on the nutritional content and sensory acceptance of commercial orange juices in the Malaysian context is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the sugar, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sensory acceptance of five different brands of orange juice (samples A, B, C, D and E) available in Kota Bharu. Five orange juice samples were analysed for their nutritional properties using enzymatic method for sugars, indophenol titration method for vitamin C and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) for minerals. Results of nutritional properties obtained showed the following range of values for total sugars (7.94 – 11.00 mg/100 mL), glucose (2.24 – 5.93 mg/100 mL), fructose (2.35 – 3.67 g/100 mL), sucrose (1.86 – 6.40 g/100 mL), vitamin C (0.16 – 1.41 mg/100 mL), calcium (0.30 – 0.68 mg/100 mL), magnesium (1.10 – 2.20 mg/100 mL) and potassium (11.65 – 19.70 mg/100 mL). The sugars, vitamin C and mineral contents varied among the different orange juice samples. Sample A had the highest magnesium (2.20 mg/100 mL) and potassium (19.70 mg/100 mL) content while sample C had the highest total sugar content (11.00 mg/100 mL). Next, sample D had the highest calcium content (0.68 mg/100 mL) while sample E had the highest vitamin C (1.41 mg/100 mL). For sensory acceptance, five samples were subjected to sensory evaluation, in which the samples were rated using a 7-point hedonic scale. Sample B had the most overall acceptability (6.18) while sample E had the least (3.12). In general, commercial orange juice is a fair source of natural sugars, vitamins and minerals and should be supplemented in the diet for its health benefits.
- PublicationSocial networking addiction and mental health status among secondary students in SMJK Chung Hwa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan(2025-08)Social networking use has become an integral part of adolescents’ daily lives, raising growing concerns about its potential impact on mental health. Excessive use may lead to addictive behaviours and emotional disturbances, especially among secondary school students. This study aimed to determine the level of social networking addiction (SNA) and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS), as well as to examine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and both SNA and mental health outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 176 secondary school students from SMJK Chung Hwa, Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The results showed that 61.4% of students were not addicted to social networking, while 38.6% were addicted. In terms of mental health status, 60.8% had normal depression scores, 68.2% had normal stress scores, and only 43.8% had normal anxiety scores, indicating a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms. There was a significant positive correlation between SNA and all three mental health dimensions, depression (r = 0.391, p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.283, p < 0.001), and stress (r = 0.429, p < 0.001). Average daily time spent on social networking was significantly associated with both SNA and depression levels (p < 0.05). Academic level was significantly associated with depression (p = 0.033), and gender was significantly associated with stress (p = 0.034). In conclusion, the study found a moderate prevalence of social networking addiction among adolescents, with notable links to mental health symptoms, particularly anxiety and stress. The findings suggest the need for targeted health education programmes focusing on time management, digital wellness, and mental health awareness among school-aged children
- PublicationParental knowledge and awareness of food allergies among their children at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)(2025-08)Food allergies are an increasingly common public health concern that significantly affects the quality of life of children. This study aimed to assess the level of parental knowledge and awareness of food allergies among their children at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 218 parents who were selected through convenience sampling and completed a structured questionnaire based on previous validated research. Findings revealed that 39.0% of parents had a moderate level of knowledge, 26.1% had good knowledge, while 34.9% demonstrated poor knowledge. In terms of awareness, 53.7% had moderate awareness, 32.6% had good awareness, and 13.8% had poor awareness. A significant moderate positive correlation was found between knowledge and awareness scores (r = 0.519, p < 0.001). The results highlight the need for effective educational interventions aimed at improving parental understanding of food allergy symptoms, causes, prevention, and management. Education plays a vital role in equipping parents with accurate information and appropriate management strategies. This study recommends implementing evidence-based educational programmes to support better food allergy management among children
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- PublicationDevelopment of design of experiment software for two-factor factorial design(2006-05-01)Regarding to the title, “Development Of A Design Of Experiment (DOE) Software For the case Two-Factor Factorial Designs (FD)”, this project is intended as to develop a simple software which will be able to analyze any experiment that involving only two factors as for this kind of experiment is being used widely by an industrial sectors. Therefore, the basic knowledge of FD technique is very important to engineering students especially whom involved in many experiments as to use it in solving an analysis problem. The essential of the DOE technique have been proven in the world as in Malaysia itself, many industries have supported their analyzer and the experimenter to apply one of this DOE technique in their researches and experiments. The effect reflected by seen that the several major companies such as Motorola, Hewlett-Packet, Petronas and other companies succeeding in controlling their quality level by this DOE technique. By isolating and removing the undetected factors. Those factors interrupt the product production process of several companies such as the manufacturing company. The most considerable effect is when those factors also affecting the quality level of a product produced. Therefore, as the preparation before entering the industry world, this project wants to help engineering students learning the effectiveness of this FD technique. Besides that, this project revealing the use of computer software to engineering students in analyzing an experiment. The development of this software is being constructed with a reason for students will be able to coup the computer skills and able to analyze any experiment data fast and effectively.
- PublicationSurface roughness analysis of co2 laser cutting of 304-stainless steel(2008-04-01)In this project, top, bottom and average surface have been investigated repetitively. Samples of stainless steel-304 were cut on a CO2 laser cutting system and the combined effects of power cutting speed and gas pressure on surface roughness and striation pattern have been studied. Design of Experiment (DOE) method will be used to understand the effect of various laser processing parameters changes on the surface finish. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant factor and the percentage of contribution that affect the quality of surface roughness. For the range of operation conditions tested, it was observed that cutting speed had a major effect on surface finishing which increase the surface roughness of the 5mm stainless steel, while power affects were secondary. Low feed rates gave good surface roughness and low striation. Taguchi method was used to determine the optimum parameter to produce minimum surface roughness on 5mm thickness stainless steel- 304 by COs laser cutting.
- PublicationIntegration Of Sodium Alginate With Bacillus Subtilis As Microbial Composite For Fertilizer Coating Towards Green Agriculture(2022-06)Coating is a protective material that is applied to an object's surface such as fertilizer for various purposes. In this research, microbial composite film was fabricated by integrating sodium alginate with different mass of Bacillus subtilis. The films were tested on its physical, mechanical, chemical, and microbial properties. Then, study was conducted to improve the conductivity, moisture content and added micronutrient of microbial composite films for plants as supplement. Subsequently, organic goat manures as fertilizers were coated with different layers of microbial composite films coating via different drying techniques. Next, plant growth analysis and soil nutrients analysis were conducted by applying fertilizers of no coating, sodium alginate coating, and microbial composite coating (1-layer coating and 2-layer coating) to the plants to see its effect on the nutrients transfer. Furthermore, mathematical modelling was developed for soil nutrients analysis. It is found that 0.5 g bacterial cell mass from log phase had the most significant effect on the properties of the films. Then, by mixing microbial composite solution with 40 ppm copper ions and 1% glycerol render the highest conductivity to the films which is helpful in plant growth. It is also found that both 30-minutes drying and 24-hour drying technique did not give significant difference on the thickness of films and hence, 30-minutes drying technique was chosen as it saved time and cost in the process.
- PublicationDevelopment Of A Digital Camera-Based Spectrometer For Led Spectrum Analysis(2019-04)Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) spectrometer instrument has been widely used in many applications such as photonics research, opto-semiconductor test and measurement, colour imaging science, and many more. The great function of this instrument is the capability of providing essential information about the properties of light which sensed by the instrument CCD sensor.
- PublicationEffect of membrane selectivity and configuration on purity and recovery of hydrogen from syngas(2021-01-01)In this thesis, simulation of a membrane gas separation system for purification of hydrogen from syngas has been discussed. The simulation was done to study the effects of membrane selectivity, flow configuration, stage cut and feed pressure on the purity and recovery of hydrogen from syngas. In order to model the membrane, a complete mixing model was applied to study these effects. The mathematical modelling involved in the simulation was done in Mathcad and the results were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. In order to produce high purity hydrogen that is accepted as commercial industrial grade hydrogen, we studied two types of flow configuration models. Configuration 1 involves a carbon dioxide permeable membrane while configuration 2 model involves a hydrogen permeable membrane. As a result, it is noticed that in the first configuration, at the stage cut of 0.2, feed pressure of 5 bar and CO2/H2 selectivity of 1500, the highest purity of hydrogen at 52.24% and recovery of 59.58% at the permeate stream is achieved. Meanwhile in the retentate stream, the purity and recovery of carbon dioxide achieved is 52.21% and 55.53% respectively. The second configuration is when a hydrogen permeable membrane is applied. This configuration results in the highest possible purity of hydrogen of 100% with recovery of 32.52% and carbon dioxide purity and recovery at 27.35% and 90.42% respectively, at stage cut of 0.2, feed pressure of 25 bar and H2/CO2 selectivity of 500.