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- PublicationA comparative in-vitro study of cultured primary normal human epidermal kera tinocyte on artificial dermal regeneration template and fibrin scaffold.(2009)Skin plays an important role in regulating our body homeostasis. Once the dermal layer is destroyed, it cannot heal by itself, a transplant or artificial dermal regeneration template is needed in order to restore its function. This study aims to explore the successfulness in the cultivation of primary normal human epidermal keratinocyte (pNHEK) within INTEGRA® dermal regeneration template {INTEGRA ®-DRT) and fibrin. Keratinocytes were seeded on INTEGRA ®-DRT and fibrin and observed on three day basis until one week. During the culture, cells were supplied with medium containing elevated calcium in order to promote cell differentiation. The cell viability analysis, growth pattern and three dimensional views were conducted using Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM). From the analysis, pNHEK were grown on both scaffolds and the proliferation rate was better in fibrin compared to INTEGRA ®-DRT (p < 0.05). However, the penetration rates are better in INTEGRA ®-DRT scaffold compared to fibrin. In conclusion, both scaffolds are suitable to be developed as skin substitute depends on bum situation.
- PublicationA Study On Procurement Selection Criteria Of Building Projects In The Malaysian Construction Industry(2005-03)Lin, Shui ManThe above statement shows that an appropriate choice of procurement system for a project plays an important role in the success of a project, which would ultimately benefit all the parties who involves. The process of selecting an appropriate procurement method involves a consideration of various factors including the environment of the project itself. Thus, a number of models of procurement selection have been developed. This includes the works of NEDO (1985) and Birrell (1991), which can be used for this research as a guideline. The model was developed’ in the context of Malaysian Construction Industry for this research. The data collection method utilized structured interview and postal questionnaire method. The study found that the combination models of NEDO and Birrell are not applicable in local context.
- PublicationAnticancer effect of artonin E and chaplashin from artocarpus species on breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7(2013-05)Ling, Choo YenBreast cancer appears to be a major global health problem. The most common treatment approach of this disease is chemotherapy. However, studies showed that long-term use lead to drug resistance and implies side effect that may cause several genetic alteration, such as gene mutation, DNA methylation and histone modification. Epidemiologic studies revealed that consuming flavonoid rich fruits and vegetables might reduce all types of cancer incidences including breast cancer. Therefore, this research was conducted to evaluate the anticancer effect of two types of flavonoid extracted from Artocarpus sp, Artonin E and Chaplashin towards breast determine anticancer effect of Artonin E and Chaplashin towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines and to determine mode of cell death of cells treated with most potent compound by assessing nuclear fragmentation effect. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cell growth on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a median inhibition concentration (IC50) was determined by methylene blue assay. The IC50 concentration was then used to analyse nuclear fragmentation event using fluorescence dye Hoeschst 33342. Mode of cell death was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V/PI double staining. It was found that Artonin E showed better anticancer activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 4.95 pg/ml compared to Cisplatin with IC50 of 5.88 pg/ml. Chaplashin showed the best activity towards MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with IC50 of 24.80 pg/ml. Nuclear fragmentation assay showed the cells treated with Artonin E absorbed more distinct fluorescent blue glow compared to the untreated cells. The stained morphology indicated apoptosis characteristic as nuclear fragmentation appeared clearly in the treated cells. Thus, we postulated that anticancer effect in the treated cells underwent apoptosis. In conclusion, Artonin E exerted strong antipoliferative effects to attribute anticancer effect potential towards MDA-MB-231. Mode of cell death confirmed the induction of apoptosis when nuclear fragmentation occurred in the treated cancer cells. Therefore, these plant-derived compounds need further investigation to support the anticancer effect. Thus it might become a potential anticancer drug in the future.
- PublicationAntimicrobial activity and toxicity of Musa brachycarpa peel extracts for evaluation of cosmetic formulation(2016-06)Maarof, Mas Haidatul AqmaBanana peels extracts have been used to promote wound healing mainly from bums and to prevent a substantial number of illnesses. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and toxicity of cosmetic cream containing Musa brachycarpa (MB) peels extracts. The antibacterial activity of both aqueous and methanol extracts of Musa brachycarpa peels against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (A TCC 14990) was carried out using the disk diffusion and microbroth dilution methods. The aqueous extract of MB peel did not show inhibitory effect against the tested isolates. However methanol extract showed highest inhibitory effect against S. epidermidis with 14 mm inhibition zone diameter, followed by S. aureus with diameter of 12mm at 40mg/disc. Methanol extract of banana peels displayed a better antibacterial activity against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared to aqueous extract. Cream formulation shows inhibition in microbial growth with 10 mm inhibition against S.aureus and 12 mm against S. epidermidis. The MIC values of methanol extract against S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 80mg/ml. While the MIC value for aqueous extract was undetermined. The MBC values of methanol extract against S. aureus and S. epidermidis were 160 mg/ml each. Cytotoxic assay of the extracts was conducted using "Brine Shrimp Lethality" test (BLST). Methanol and aqueous extracts did not induce significant cytotoxic activity with LC50 value of 314.06 µg/mL and 604.98 µg/mL respectively after 24 hours. Heavy metal tests using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were performed to detect the presence of arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) in the extracts and cosmetic cream. The level of heavy metals levels was within the acceptable range and safe to be used. This preliminary study has demostrated the antimicrobial potential and the safety of MB methanol extract to be applied for cosmetic use.
- PublicationAssessing the level of lead, cadmium and arsenic among farmers in KADA agricultural area, Kelantan(2016-06)Kasri, Hazmira MohdHeavy metals, particularly cadmium, lead, and arsenic, constitute a significant potential threat to human health. This study was conducted to determine the concentration of lead, cadmium and arsenic in nail samples from farmers at Kemubu Agricultural Development Authority (KADA), Kelantan, Malaysia. Control group of this study was selected from participants working in different environment which are USM Health Campus’s staffs. A total of 35 farmers and 35 USM Health Campus’s staffs participated in this study. The fingernails samples were extracted by using acid digestion and then analysed by Atomic Absorption spectrometry (AAS). Checklist was given to participants to get demographic, health status, and their agricultural activities data. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals was within the normal range and varies according to demographic factors. The result showed that the concentration of all heavy metals were significant different in exposed group as compared to control group (p < 0.05). There were also significant correlations between age with concentration of lead, arsenic (r = 0.317 and r = 0.326, resp., p < 0.01) respectively and cadmium (r = 0.257, p < 0.05). Findings suggested that agricultural activities could contribute to the accumulation of heavy metals in farmers. Hence, the control of human exposure to these metals was important in order to prevent adverse health effects. In conclusion, lead, cadmium and arsenic concentration among farmers were lower compared to the allowable limit and they should conduct good agricultural practice to maintain in normal range.
- PublicationAwareness Of Applying Lean Construction In Penang, Malaysia(2005-02)Goh, Poi SeeThe findings arc documented as a result of awareness of applying lean construction in Penang, Malaysia. The questionnaire returned by those construction firms that responded was tabulated and analyzed, results of which from the main core of this study. Lean Construction concepts and principles innovate an efficient management of construction processes. The survey indicates that all firms have performed most of the instruments and integrated the Lean Construction principles into their activities. Some of the principles and instruments are applied more frequently than others. In the survey, this study focuses on the need, concept and essential tools for the development of construction companies through study also found that the adoption of this theoretical framework by the industry requires a change in the current construction management paradigm.
- PublicationAwareness Of Applying Public Private Partnership (PPP) In Construction Industry Malaysia(2006-04)The use of the Public Private Partnership as procurement in delivery public infrastructure and services in Malaysia began active during the 1990s was much more rapid and widespread than had been expected at the start of the decade. However, these flows peaked in 1997, and have fallen more or less steadily ever since because a variety of problems have been encountered and the financial crisis in the region. These declines have been accompanied by cancellations or renegotiations of some projects, a reduction in investor’s interest and pursue for the public infrastructure and services. However, the needs for infrastructure are now greater than ever in emerging and developing countries such as Malaysia. Both government and private sectors are recommending and trying to apply these types of approach for the reasons of it is the best solution to solve the government’s problems.
- PublicationAwareness Of Applying Value Engineering In Construction Industry In Penang, Malaysia.(2006)Pah Sock YongThis dissertation research is an initial study on the awareness of applying Value Engineering in the construction industry by using the state of Penang as a test ivcase for the model of application. Value Engineering is a tool recently developed in the field of engineering management that will allow a specific function of a project to be achieved at a reasonable cost.
- PublicationBiomechanical and physiological determinants of 2000 m rowing performance on slides ergometer(2016-06)Abdullah, Muhammad IrwanPhysiology is believed to be the most important determinant in rowing performance that can help rowers win or lose tens of seconds in a race. However, there is also the role of biomechanics and rowing technique to apply the rower's present physiological fitness level most effectively. The effects of physiological and biomechanical factors on rowing performance have been tested in many previous studies but currently there is no study that combines the physiological and biomechanical factors in determining rowing performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical and physiological determinants of 2km rowing performance on slides ergometer. Ten state-level rowers were recruited to participate in this study. Three tests were completed to gather the data on aerobic, anaerobic, anthropometry and biomechanical variables and also 2000 m rowing performance time. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine correlation of these with 2000 m time. Result showed that aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity and biomechanical variables were correlated with 2000 m time. Peak power (r = -0.937) and knee angle at catch at 1200 m (r = 0.888) were the major determinants of ergometer rowing performance, followed by knee angle at finish at 2000 m (r = -0.872), hip angle at catch at 2000 m (r = 0.85), body fat percentage (r = 0.828), hip angle at finish at 800 m (r = -0.807), body height, post-test lactate and oxygen uptake (VO2). The findings could be use for training design and recruitment. More time should be allocate to improve muscle power. Increase in strength and balance on muscles around hip and knee areas, particularly the hip and knee flexors may increase performance and also possibly prevent muscle injury.
- PublicationBiomechanical and physiological determinants of 2km rowing performance on fixed ergometer(2016-06)Zahiran, AmirahThe outcomes from this study are important to enhance rowing performance especially for rowers. Based on previous study, many papers focused more on aerobic (V02) and anaerobic (Peak power) in rowing performance but no studies have evaluated the biomechanical determinants of 2km time trial on stationary ergometer. Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the biomechanical and physiological determinants of 2km rowing perfonnance on stationary ergometer. Methods: 10 state-level rowers were recruited (6 males, 4 females) with at least two years experience in competitive rowing. Anthropometric, peak power, blood lactate, heart rate, V02, 20 kinematic motion and stroke rate were recorded during 2km time trial, 30s Wingate anaerobic test and 5 x 4 step test. Pearson's correlation was applied to evaluate the correlation of each physiological, biomechanical and anthropometric variable to the time of 2km rowing completion. Results: Peak power was significantly correlated to the time of 2km rowing completion (r = 0.273; p= 0.044). There was a significantly high correlation of V02 (r = -0.906, p = <0.001) to 2km time trial results. There was a significant correlation between kinematics variables of knee angle at catch (r = -0.376) (p = 0.007) at 1600m and 2000m (r = -0.436; p = <0.00 l ). Positive correlation was found of hip angle at finish during the last sprint of 2000m (r = 0.203; p = <0.00 1) to 2km time trial. Discussion: V02 and peak power showed the significant on correlation of physiological variables during 2km rowing time to completion. Conclusion: The ergometer was a good training tool for the athlete to develop fitness and training. Proper technique of rowing should be emphasised during rowing on stationary ergometer to enhance performance during time trial.
- PublicationComparison of water quality status between two different types of river : a case study of Kemasin River and Pengkalan Chepa River(2014-06)Morsad, NadzirahWater quality refers to the physical, chemical and biological status of the water body. Water quality Kemasin River (KR) affected by active agricultural activities while the Pengkalan Chepa River (PCR) is influenced by urban development and accommodation of crowded with heavy population since it is situated in the urban area. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of water quality of KR and PCR as well as to determine the relationship status of water quality parameters between KR and PCR. In addition, this study was to classify current status water quality for KR and PCR based on the Water Quality Index (WQI). Sampling was carried out for a month on January 2014. For each sampling activities, water sample collections were done twice. Three sampling locations along the KR and PCR were selected as sampling stations. For KR sampling station consists of Kg.Bangu (Station 1), Pengkalan Cina (Station 2) and Pengkalan Petah (Station 3). For PCR the sampling stations consists of Sg.Keladi (Station 1), Kg. Baung (Station 2) and Kg.Pulau Panjang (Station 3). Six water quality parameters: Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Total Suspended Solids (TTS) and pH were analyzed based on insitu and ex-situ analysis. Statistical analysis of independent t -test indicated that there were significant differences of BOD, NH3-N, TSS and pH between KR and PCR. The results of water quality indicated that most of the water quality parameters higher at PCR compared to KR. Currently WQI status for KR (65.48) was found better than the PCR (44.71). WQI of KR was categories under class III while PCR was categories under class IV that considered slightly polluted. The water quality status of KR was affected due to active agricultural activities throughout the year and for PCR was polluted due to land use activities from urban and industrial areas. In a conclusion, the water quality of KR and PCR should be monitored extensively by the authorities and pollution control and effective management of the river should be implemented with the cooperation of the public and local authorities.
- PublicationCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) And It’s Relationship To Construction Firms(2005-02)Ismail, NazirahThis research attempts to analyse what is actually Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), its relationship to construction firms and why company should take on the task of CSR. This research tried to identify what challenges and barriers they face when assuming a CSR role. Besides that, this research also tried to identify whether there is any company had already applied some parts of CSR in their management and to observe whether the CSR can improve a company reputation and goodwill.
- PublicationDetection of apoptosis in human macrophage cell line, THP-1 infected with BCG and recombinant BCG (rBCG) expressing the 19-kDa C-terminus of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1C)(2013-05)Mei, Cheong SiewMalaria is a major cause of disease and death in tropical countries. With the spread of insecticide-resistant mosquito vector and increase in the prevalence of resistant parasite to anti-malarial drugs, there is an urgent need to develop an effective vaccine to control malaria infection. By utilizing Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a delivery system, a recombinant BCG vaccine expressing the 19 kDa MSP-1C of P. falciparum was constructed previously by assembly PCR. This vaccine candidate has been known to be capable of stimulating humoral immune response in mice and induce activation of mouse macrophage cell line in vitro. However, the effect of the rBCG vaccine on macrophage apoptosis, an important mechanism for parasite clearance has not been determined. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the apoptosis activity of human macrophage cell line THP-1 infected with the rBCG clone. The apoptosis of untreated macrophage, macrophage infected with BCG and macrophage stimulated with LPS were used as controls. Expression of caspase 9 was also determined in order to identify the pathway involved in the apoptosis activity. The results demonstrated that macrophage apoptosis would be detected in all macrophage culture conditions. However, the apoptosis activity macrophages and LPS-stimulated macrophages. In addition, ELISA analysis also showed that caspase 9 activity was increased in rBCG infected macrophages compare to those of BCG and LPS stimulated macrophages. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that the presence of MSP-1C in rBCG increased macrophage apoptotic activity and the expression of caspase 9 in the infected macrophages. Thus, the rBCG candidate vaccine is potential to be used to control malaria infection in the future
- PublicationDetermination of paracetamol and caffeine in dosage forms by high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection.(2006)Ismail, IsmazarniA simple, accurate, and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and simultaneous determination of paracetamol and caffeine in dosage forms is described. The HPLC system consisted of Water Alliance Series 2475 with photo diode array detection. The separations were c.arried out at room temperature on a C-8 (5 J.lffi, 250 x 4.6 mm i.d) Luna 5~ C-8 (2) Phenomenax Prodigy} analytical column. A mixture of 0.01 M KH2P04, methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropyl alcohol was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mllmin. Mobile phase solvents were degassed for 30 min. using ultrasonic bath and filtered through a 0.45 J.lm Milipore filter. The wavelength was in range of 210 to 400 nm. The validation validation linearity (r = 0.9998, 0.996 respectively for caffeine and paracetamol). The calculations of the concentration of paracetamol and caffeine were based on peak areas using calibration plots. The retention time of the separation of the mixture of caffeine and paracetamol were recorded as 11.695 min and 9.684 min respectively. This method is successfully applied to the analysis of commercial pharmaceutical preparations, yielding better resolution, sensitivity, and ease of operation as compared to the existing methods.
- PublicationDetermination of proximate and mineral content of selected commercial rice in Malaysia(2013-06)Husain, ArianiThe study was conducted to determine and compare the contents of macronutrients and minerals in three types of selected commercial cooked white rice in Malaysia. The selected white rice for this study were long, medium and short white rice. The white rice was cooked according to the proper measurement of water to rice before it was dried and analysed. The macronutrients were determined by using proximate analysis (AOAC) method, total carbohydrate was determined by Anthrone method, calorie contents was determined by Bomb-Calorimetry and mineral contents were determined using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The proximate analysis showed all samples contained 64.13 - 70.27 % of total moisture, 0.22 - 0.38 % of total ash, 0.09 - 0.46 % of crude fat, 11.11 - 26.61 % of crude protein, and 6.53 -24.22% of total carbohydrates. The calorie content were 3.753-3.999 kcaVg in all of the samples. Based on the mineral analysis, potassium was the most abundant mineral (0.41 - I .03 mg/L) whereas magnesium content (0.11 - 0.18 mg/L) was the lowest mineral in all cooked white rice samples. Sodium and calcium contents in the samples were (0.41 - 0.70 mg/L) and (0.19- 0.54 mg/L) respectively. The result shows that the mineral contents were significant different (p < 0.05) between all of the samples. The overall results showed that the long white rice has the lowest content of moisture, ashing, protein and calorie compare to other samples. The medium white rice has the lowest fat and carbohydrate content. Magnesium and sodium content were the highest in the long white rice, while calcium content was the highest in the short white rice and potassium content was highest in the medium white rice.
- PublicationDetermination of qualitative and quantitative phytochemical properties of salix tetrasperma roxb methanolic leaves extract(2013-06)Hizam, Abdullah BukhariSalix tetrasperma is a willow tree or also known as dedalu commonly found in swampy and moist area in Malaysia. It was used for many medicinal purposes as alternative medicine such as for hepatits, analgesic, aches, fevers, whooping cough, bug bites, scorpion sting, sore, warts, antirheumatic sedative, antibacterial, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to screen and determine the amount of total phytochemical groups in Salix tetrasperma to produce methanol extraction. There are four important natural groups in plant namely alkaloids, tannins, saponins and flavonoids. The result of this study shows that from the qualitative analysis the phytochemical group presences are tannins, flavonoids and saponins while alkaloid was absence. While in quantitative analysis shows that the total amount of natural groups of flavonoid, saponins, tannins and alkaloid were 3.86%, 37.99%, 6.15% and 0.48% respectively. The amount of tannin is the highest among the phytochemical shows that the main phytochemical of Salix tetrasperma is tannin while the alkaloid can be measured in quantitative analysis may due to error during the test or the changes of color in qualitative is not seen because the amount is low. The natural groups detected in the test are important to determine the mechanism of pharmacological effect. So, the significance of the Salix tetrasperma in traditional medicine such as to treat cancer, diabetic, bacterial infection, painkiller, and so on can be related with the presence ofthese natural groups. Date: 2013
- PublicationDevelopment of PCR Method for the Detection of mu Opiate Receptor Polymorphism.(2009)Talib, NazilaBackground: Mu opiate receptor serving as primary target for opiates drug. It plays a key role in addiction and pain perception. This receptor is highly polymorphic, but a simple method was not available to study its genetic polymorphism. We developed and optimized nested allele-specific multiplex PCR to detect twelve SNPs. Three of the SNPs; 118 A/G, IVS +31 G/A and IVS +691 C/G are common SNPs and have implication to human system. But others SNPs were rare SNPs and not widely studied. Objective: The objective of our study was to develop a simple and rapid PCR method for detecting polymorphism of mu opiate receptor (OPRM1 ), then, to validate the PCR method developed. Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood using Spin Protocol :from QIAamp DNA mini kit. A two step PCR method was developed to detect twelve SNPs of OPRM1 gene. In the first PCR (PCRl ), exon 1, 2, 3 and intron 2 of OPRMl gene were amplified. There were two set of reaction involved in PCRl; Set 1 amplifies exon 1, 2, and 3 simultaneously while Set 2 applies for intron 2 only. The PCR products, then, were used as template in parallel allele-specific PCR (PCR2). Afterwards sequencing was used to validate the test results. Result: We have successfully developed and optimized PCRl which amplified exon 1 (420 bp), exon2 (483 bp), exon 3 (677 bp), and intron 2 (1020 bp). Fortunately, only a few SNPs were able to be detected in PCR2. These SNPs consist of 24 G/ A (1 02 bp), 440 C/G (330 bp), 802 TIC (424 bp), 942 G/A (434 bp), IVS +310/A (162 bp), and IVS +6910/C (240 bp). Other six SNPs; 17 err, 118 A/G, 454 A/G, 779 G/A, 794 G/A, and 820 G/A failed to be amplified specifically. It might be due to contamination and also technique during preparation ofPCR mixture. Conclusion: We were partially successful in developing and optimizing a multiplex PCR method which is suitable for use in population studies of OPRMl polymorphism.
- PublicationDosimetric verification of monaco treatment planning system (TPS) in heterogeneous medium for 6 mv linac(2024-07)Azlan, Adriana Batrisyia Noor MohdThe Monaco TPS, employing the Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm, offers high precision in radiotherapy planning. Accurate dose calculation in heterogeneous tissues necessitates comprehensive commissioning and verification due to its impact on patient outcomes. This study evaluates the dose calculation accuracy of Monaco TPS using Rando phantoms, thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100) dosimeters, EBT3 Gafchromic films, and clinical patient data through patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA). Methods : Dosimetric verification of Monaco TPS was conducted on a head and neck Rando phantom for 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) meningioma planning in heterogeneous environments, using 12 TLD-100s and EBT3 Gafchromic films. Additionally, six Eclipse TPS patient plans were replicated on Monaco TPS, and PSQA was performed using gamma criteria of 3% dose difference (DD) and 3 mm distance-to-agreement (DTA). Results :Monaco TPS demonstrated consistent percentage deviations within ±10% (ranging from 1.8% to 9.1%) between TPS calculated and TLD-measured doses for 3DCRT, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). EBT3 Gafchromic film dosimetry showed good agreement with TPS dose distributions, achieving a 97.3% gamma passing rate. However, VMAT planning revealed significant deviations (3.06% to 67.88%) between calculated and measured doses, with a significant difference (p < 0.01) and a 52.5% gamma passing rate for film dosimetry. PSQA for six patient plans yielded high gamma passing rates (97.5% to 100%) and absolute dose deviations ranging from 0.29% to 3.48%.Conclusion : Monaco TPS is reliable and accurately commissioned for 3DCRT planning but shows significant deviations in VMAT planning. Future efforts should aim to improve verification methods, address challenges in gamma index analysis, and enhance VMAT dose calculation accuracy for consistent treatment planning.
- PublicationEarly study of dynamic assessment of phonological awareness in hearing impaired children.(2009)Ismail, IzzatThis early study was done to investigate the implementation of dynamic assessment to assess hearing impaired children performances. The other purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of teaching phonological awareness on the children listening skills. Through phonological awareness teaching also, the researcher investigates the learning ability of the children. This research was a case study done on 3 subjects; 1 cochlear implantee and 2 hearing aids wearer children. The subjects' age range is 8; 0 to 8; 6 years old. Cochlear implant subject hearing age was 6; 5 months old, the other two hearing aids wearers hearing age were 4; 6 years old and 5; 3 years old. The children had undergone pretest session to get the early information about the children achievement. Then, they had 2 mediated learning experience (MLE) sessions that teaches on how to perform in the test prepared by the researcher. After that, they had their post-test session. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results reveal that dynamic assessment was proven to be successful in assessing hearing impaired children true potential. Post-test findings showed that listening skills improved for all of the children. Their learning ability of each child was discussed. Conclusion, dynamic assessment was proven effective for assessing children with hearing impaired true potential ruling out any possible biases. For clinical purpose, one can implement dynamic assessment in other communication disorders children.
- PublicationEffects of young corn ear addition on nutritional composition and acceptability of some selected traditional wheat-based local kuih(2013)Nien, Chow YuhYoung com ear powder (YCP) was added into three selected traditional wheat-based local kuih namely Kuih Apam, Baidu Cennai and plain cake at the formulations of 5%, 10% and 15%. Kuih with 100% wheat flour and 0% of YCP were the control in this study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of YCP on the nutritional composition, textural properties and sensory attributes of these selected kuih. The present study showed that all the proximate composition of Kuih Apam increased in line with the percentages of YCP. The addition of 15% YCP increased the ash and protein significantly compared to the control (0%). a significant increase in the moisture, ash and fat in Baulu Cermai added with 15% of YCP compared to the control (0%). On the other hand, the addition of YCP into plain cake did not show any predictable trend in the proximate composition. However, addition of 15% YCP had increased the moisture, ash and protein compared to the control (0%). Apart from that, the results indicated that the total dietary fibre content of Baulu Cermai and plain cake increased proportionally with the escalating levels of YCP added. Meanwhile, 10% and 15% of YCP addition in Kuih Apam significantly increased the total dietary fibre content compared to the control (0%). Furthermore, texture profile analysis results showed iv Furthermore, there was that the addition of 15% YCP in Kuih Apam increased the firmness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness attributes significantly but 15% of YCP addition in Baulu Cermai produced a significantly less chewy sample compared to the control (0%). Meanwhile, the addition of YCP did not affect any of the textural properties significantly. Apart from that, results of sensory evaluation indicated that addition of 15% of YCP in Kuih Apam decreased all the sensory attributes scores significantly. On the other hand, the highest score in flavour and overall acceptance for 10% YCP added Baulu Cermai was observed. The results also showed that 10% of YCP addition in plain cake was the highest percentage preferred by the panellists with the highest scores in chewiness, tenderness and flavour attributes. In a nutshell, 5% of YCP addition in Kuih Apam and 10% of YCP addition in both Baulu Cermai and plain cake can be recommended as a maximum level to enhance the proximate composition and total dietary fibre content of the selected traditional wheat-based acceptability of these kuih. V local kuih without jeopardizing the textural properties and the consumers’