Repository@USM
Welcome to closed access digital repository of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).
This repository contains multiple types of scholarly materials, especially USM theses and exam papers.
“Any doctoral thesis or academic work owned by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) that is downloaded through its official platforms shall not be shared, distributed, printed, or reproduced in any form to third parties without explicit written permission from USM. Any breach of this condition constitutes a violation of institutional intellectual property rights and may result in disciplinary action, legal proceedings, or revocation of academic credentials, depending on the severity of the offence.”
To access the full text, please log in with your USM email account.
Research outputs
7777
Projects
0
People
0
Recent Additions
- PublicationKesan Saling Tindakan Antara Molekul Terhadap Kelikatan Bagi N-Alkil Klorida Dan Campuran Alkohol Dan Amina Alifatik(1997-02)The densities and viscosities ofn-alkyl chlorides from pentyl chloride to hexadecyl chloride were determined at temperatures between 15 - 80 oe at 5 oe intervals. The densities increase linearly with temperature and chainlength and their correlation coefficients were better than 0.9999. At constant temperature, the molar volume was a linear function of the number of methylene unit, n, in the chain for the homologous series. A four constants equation correlating the molar volume with the number of methylene units and temperature of the n-alkyl chlorides was formulated excellent agreements between the calculated and measured values of molar volume were obtained. This formula accurately predicted the molar volume and hence the density for all the n-alkyl chlorides at any temperature within the range. The intrinsic volumes of the n-alkyl chlorides were determined by extrapolation of the plot of fluidity against molar volume to zero fluidity. Plots of the logarithm of viscosity versus reciprocal absolute temperature were almost linear. The energies of activation for viscous flow for the n-alkyl chlorides were calculated and found to increase with increase in chainlength.
- PublicationKelakuan Makan Semut 'Pharaoh', Monomorium Pharaonis (L.) (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) : Pengrekrutan, Pemilihan Dan Pengagihan Makanan(1997-06)Kajian ini telah bertumpu kepada beberapa aspek perlakuan pemakanan semut 'pharaoh', monomoriuni pharaonis (l.), iaitu pengrekrut.An massa, pemilihan makanan dan pengagihan makanan antara ahli koloni. Semasa pengrekrutan, pekerja semut 'pharaoh' berperanan sebagai pengakap kembali ke sarang dan menarik pekerja ke sumber makanan yang baru dijumpai. Keputusan eksperimen menunjukkan bahawa proses pengrekrutan. Pekerja adalah proses dinamik yang boleh berubah mengikut keadaan seperti kualiti (kekayaan) umpan dan juga tahap kelaparan koloni. Dalam kehadiran umpan berkualiti tinggi, lebih banyak pekerja direkrut untuk memakan berbanding dengan umpan kurang berkualiti. Pengrekrutan adalah tertinggi apabila koloni mengalami kelaparan yang lama diberikan umpan paling berkualiti.
- PublicationLoad Balancing In A Distributed Environment : Implementation On Ethernet And Atm(1996-11)Load balancing is a technique for distributing processes amongst processors within a parallel computer or amongst workstations connected by a network in an effort to equalize workload. Job placement and migration are used to dynamically schedule processes. The objective is to maximize system throughput by optimizing the utilization of resources. ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) is of very high interest in the parallel computing community mainly because of its high and more reliable throughput. Various research results indicate that atm shows better performance when used with parallel computing and distributed processing[LIN94, HUAN94]. MPI (message passing interface) is a standard, portable and formally specified parallel (multicomputers) programming language. It uses a message passing model with an explicit control for parallelism
- PublicationOrganisational, Job-Related And Personal Variables On Innovative Work Behaviour Of Special Needs School Teachers In Malaysia During Pandemic: Motivation As A Mediator(2025-08)Education 4.0 is a new teaching style and learning system that shapes students' self-learning, critical thinking, digital capabilities, and problem-solving capacity due to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Education is an essential component of life for people with disabilities because it allows them to read and write, find work, and participate in decision-making. Students with special needs in Malaysia attend special needs schools, which would enable them to study in the most effective way for them. As a result, the role of special education teachers is critical. In order for special needs students to benefit from positive educational advances, teachers must exhibit innovative work behaviour. Furthermore, motivation plays a crucial role in determining teachers' innovative work behaviour. Apart from that, many variables affect special needs school teachers' motivation and innovative work behaviour. The Social Exchange Theory (SET) serves as the foundation for this study. Hence, a more comprehensive research model was established to investigate the relationships between organizational variables (organizational climate, effective ICT structure, and organizational justice), job-related variables (teachers’ professional development, job autonomy, and social support), and personal variables (proactive personality, competencies for digital pedagogy, and self-efficacy) and motivation, as well as the indirect relationship between the three types of variables and innovative work behaviour. The study's data was gathered from teachers at 11 special needs schools in Peninsular Malaysia, including primary and secondary schools. The collected data was then analysed using Partial Lease Square Analysis (Smart PLS). According to the findings, organizational climate, teachers' professional development, job autonomy, and proactive personality were all positively associated with motivation. Meanwhile, motivation was discovered to mediate the relationships between organizational climate and innovative work behaviour, teachers' professional development and innovative work behaviour, job autonomy and innovative work behaviour, and proactive personality and innovative work behaviour. The theoretical and practical contributions of the research findings were addressed. The study's findings will be useful to the Malaysian Ministry of Education, special needs schools, and special needs school teachers. They can learn about the variables that influence motivation and how to improve their innovative work behaviour. Finally, the study's limitations were discussed, as well as future research directions.
- PublicationStrategic Responses Of An Indonesian Public Hospital To Health Policy And Crisis: An Institutionalist Study(2025-07)This study aims to explore how a public hospital responds to environmental changes driven by national policy shifts influenced by global events. It focuses on how the National Health Insurance (NHI) implementation and COVID-19 pandemic have impacted hospital priorities, management decisions, and strategic responses. A qualitative case study was employed in this study, focusing on a provincial government hospital in Indonesia.
Most viewed
- ItemModeling and simulation of reactive distillation column for the production of methyltertiary butyl ether (mtbe) incorporating structured or random packing(2018-06)A simulation of reactive distillation column has been developed for the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). The proposed model was validated by comparing the simulated results obtained from Aspen Plus with the simulation data from the literature. The temperature and composition profiles obtained from simulations showed close agreement with the literature reported data. The simulation basis of reactive distillation column was set. It is assumed that the reactive distillation column has a total number of 17 stages. The reactive distillation column has two feed streams, which is a methanol feed on stage 3 and a mixed butenes feed on stage 11. The column pressure used is 11atm. The reflux ratio is 7. With the optimised column configuration and operating conditions, an isobutene conversion up to 99.9 was obtained through simulation. There are 26 different structured and random packings available in Aspen Plus V8.8 are selected in this research. 13 different structured packings and 13 different random packings are simulated by using simulation basis proposed. The packing section of MTBE synthesis set from stage 4 as starting stage and stage 11 as ending stage. The height equivalent of a theoretical plate (HETP), pressure drop and liquid holdup has been determined for different catalytic packing. Simulation results for MTBE synthesis are compared with optimised results that cover the isobutene conversion and MTBE purity.
- PublicationAnalysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach(2023-05)The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
- PublicationMental health literacy and its associated factors among parents and teachers of secondary school students in peninsular Malaysia(2023-05)The increase in mental health and suicide issues among adolescents calls for the need to improve the parents, caregivers, and teachers’ mental health literacy (MHL) and suicide literacy (SL) to ensure adequate knowledge to provide initial mental health support. The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of mental health and suicide literacies and identify their associated demographic factors. The crosssectional study recruited 867 participants (parents and teachers) across 24 government secondary schools in West Malaysia sampled via a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The current study used the 12-item Malay Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS-M) and the 26-item Malay Literacy of Suicide Scale (M-LOSS) to assess mental health and suicide literacies. The mean score of overall MHL for the current study sample was 43.82 (SD = 4.07). Study results showed significant mean differences between sexes, religions, education levels, income brackets, had known someone with a mental disorder, had assisted someone with a mental illness, and attended formal training for psychological first aid. Participants who scored higher on their MHL level tend to be female, had known someone with a mental disorder, had assisted someone with a mental disorder, and attended formal psychological first aid training. Upon regression, age, income brackets, knowing someone with mental disorder, and attended formal psychological first aid training were the significant predictors of MHL. As for the SL, the current population scored 54.0% (M = 14.05, SD = 2.61), with the highest rate of correct responses on the treatment and prevention subscale, followed by the risk factors subscale, signs and symptoms subscale, and the lowest in the causes and nature subscale. The mean score difference was found to be significant between school types. There is a significant negative correlation between age and mean SL score, and age was the unique predictor of SL level. Finally, no significant association was found between MHL and SL. The study findings can be used as a foundation for MHL and SL research among the local Malaysian community to guide the development of effective evidence-based intervention programmes for mental health and suicide.
- ItemPiawaian kompetensi ICT untuk guru-guru sains dan matematik: kajian delphi(2010-11)Despite much investment in time and cost spent in training Malaysian science and mathematics teachers on the use and application of ICT knowledge and skills, the effective use of ICT in student-centered learning in the classroom is yet to be fully realized among the students. The main individual in helping student develop these capabilities is the classroom teacher. The researcher contends that an empirically designed ICT competency standard for Malaysian science and mathematics teachers will facilitate the proper design and implementations of ICT-related training programs. The research processes involved a series of scientific research involving qualitative approaches and the Delphi technique. From document analysis, exploratory interviews and round table discussions, a list of specific ICT competencies comprising of 6 main categories, 24 indicators and 36 items underwent three cycles of the Delphi technique to validate the data. The Delphi panel was made up of 33 experts comprising of educational technology experts, lecturers and school teachers who are experienced in the use and application of ICT. These experts were identified using snowball sampling method. The results were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and MS EXCEL software. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test such as frequency count, measure central of tendency, quartile deviations and Wilcoxon Match-paired Signed-rank tests were employed to analyze the data. Only statements which achieved high consensus level and high rating were used in the establishment of the ICT competency standards for this study. Analysis of the data revealed that 5 main categories (Planning and Designing Learning Environment; Smart Pedagogy; e-Assessment and e-Evaluation; Lifelong Professional Learning, Practice and Productivity; and Social and Cyber Moral Value) and 17 competency indicators were ranked to be very important and achieved high consensus level. Based on the findings of this study, the Malaysian ICT Competency Standards for Science and Mathematics Teachers was established. In addition, a total of 30 items were listed as a set of evaluation criteria that can be used to measure teachers' ICT competency level based on this newly developed competency standards. It is recommended that the curriculum for ICT training programmes for in-service teachers be revised and designed in alignment with the research findings of this study. This standard can ensure that all the ICT trainings undertaken by teachers are of high quality and are relevant to the Malaysian teaching and learning contexts.
- ItemA retrospective study of in hospital time management of acute stroke patient in the emergency department Hospital Kuala Lumpur(Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, 2008)The Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur commonly receives cases of patients presented with signs and symptoms of acute stroke in which majority of them are send for CT Brain for confirmation of diagnosis. However in a case of acute ischaemic stroke none of them had been given fibrinolytic therapy or r-tpa in which assumption made that the patient had missed the beneficial period of the therapy which is within 3 hours from the onset of symptoms. The objectives of the study are to analyse the in-hospital time taken for stroke patients when arrives in the Emergency Department until the diagnosis of stroke is confirmed. This will include the time interval from door to medical consultation,door to CT scan performed till door to CT scan film interpreted.Besides this the time of symptoms onset is also studied as well as the demographic profile of the stroke patients. The association between the demographic factor and stroke risk factors with the time of hospital arrival is also include in the study. A total of 200 patients were involved in the study. All subjects were those age more than 18 years old who presented to the emergency department with the signs and symptoms of acute stroke and had CT brain done.The data analyse will be collected retrospectively through case notes in which the detail of the patients, demographic factor, history of presenting complaint, past medical history, social history, time documentation when seen by doctor till CT film interpretation will be reviewed. In this study the data analysed are stroke patients presented to the Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur in a period of 1 year from 1st April 2007 until 31st March 2008 From 200 patients 42% of them are Malay followed by Chinese (36.5%), Indian (18.5%) and others (3.0%). Male accounted for 65% while female accounted for 35%. The mean age was 58.3 years old with 58.5% were more than 55 years old. The CT brain finding shows infarct in 42.5% of patients, normal CT finding accounted for 39% and haemorrhagic stroke in 18.5% of patients. The percentage of patients who arrived more than 3 hours from the onset of symptoms was 73% while less than 3 hours was 27% . Most of the patient is triaged to the yellow zone which accounted for 45.5%, followed by the green zone which is 41.5% and the red zone (13%) . As for the in-hospital time analysis, it is found that the mean time interval for door to medical consultation is 24.2 minutes and the mean time interval for door to CT is 52.3 minutes. Hypertension occurs highest most among the patients (52.5%) followed by diabetes (41.5%),family history of stroke (23%), smoking (21%), ischaemic heart disease (14.5%), previous history of stroke (8%) and hyperlipidaemia (3.5%). There is a significant association between time of hospital arrival and age in which pvalue is less than 0.05. The significant independent predictors for time of hospital arrival is age (OR 1.83,95% CI 0.958,3.502), Hypertension (OR 1.99,95% CI 0.989,3.906) and ischaemic heart disease (OR 0.424,95%CI 0.174,1.036). 73% of stroke patients arrives late to the Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur. There is also an in-hospital delay in which may jeopardise the chance of patient for fibrinolytic therapy. Critical pathway might need to be structured in the emergency department to overcome the delay, hence improving the care of stroke patient.