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- PublicationEffects Of Clinacanthus Nutans On Drug Resistant Cancer Cell Proliferation And Migration(2018)Clinacanthus nutans is a renowned therapeutic plant in Asian countries. Recently is has gained research interest in the applications for treatment and prevention of cancer diseases. Therefore, the aim of this research will focus on effects of Clinacanthus Nutans extracts towards drug resistant HER2 overexpression (UACC 732) cancer cell proliferation and migration. Method: Clinathanus nu/ans leaves was purchased in powder form and extraction was done using aqueous and ethanol solvents. Effects of these extracts on drug resistant cancer proliferation assay was determined using MTT assay kit. Next, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (ICso) for both extracts were studied on drug resistant cancer cell migration. Result: Cytotoxic effects of ethanol Clinacanthus nutans extract on parent and resistant UACC 732 cells viability at various concentrations,respectively showed the ICso value for 24 hours treatment were 923.98 ÎĽg/mL and 837.98 ÎĽg/mL. Meanwhile, no cytotoxic effects shown in aqueous Clinacanthus nutans extract on parent and resistant UACC 732 cell s. The ce ll migration of Clinacanthus nutans extracts indicated an increase in cell migration until the closure of the wound area when treated with 100 mg/mL. Discussion: Extraction method produced almost equal yields with aqueous and ethanol extracts. Cytotoxic effects of both extracts on parent and resistant UACC 732 cells showed sign ificant difference. It was noted that ethanol extracts caused inhibition of parent and resistant UACC732 cells compared to aquoeus extract.Further investigation using wound healing assay showed that both extracts inhibited cell migration at 24 hours. Similar effects were not observed in parent and resistant UACC 732 cells. This indicated that compounds present in aqueous and ethanol extracts were able to inhibit cell migrati on. Conclus ion: This study shows that Clinacanthus nutans extracts exhibits antiproliferative and anti-migration activity. However, further investigat ion need to be done to confirm these findings.
- PublicationCardiac Siderosis Severity Assessment Using Cmr T2* Sequence Among Transfusion-dependent Thalassaemia Patients: Experience In Hospital Seberang Jaya(2018)Background: Regular blood transfusion as a treatment for thalassaemia patients had rendered them susceptible to the complication of cardiac siderosis, the main leading cause of death in this population. In Malaysia, HBE and Beta-thalassaemia carrier rate is 3-5% predominantly distributed at the northern part of peninsular and Borneo Sabah. The prevalence of cardiac siderosis in Malaysia has not been published despite the everincreasing demand of CMR T2* sequence in most of the healthcare centers. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of cardiac siderosis in the northern part of peninsular Malaysia and all its associated factors; namely age, gender, serum ferritin, liver iron loading and left ventricular ejection fraction (L VEF). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 1187 transfusion-dependent thalassaemia patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence as part of their clinical evaluation. All enrolled patients underwent cardiac, liver and L VEF CMR T2* sequence MRI between January 2012 to May 2017. Data were obtained from a single center registry in Hospital Seberang Jaya where all the cases were referred. All demographic and clinical data pertaining to iron storage status and disease current state were recorded and transferred to research performa. Results: The prevalence of cardiac siderosis was 16.8%, of which 7 .1 % were severe, 4.0% moderate and 5.7% mild. The median age of patients was 20.90 years and HBE Beta thalassaemia constituted the most, 46.1 % followed by Beta thalassaemia major, 31.8% of the patients. Male has a higher prevalence (56%) of cardiac siderosis. The mean serum ferritin in cardiac siderosis patients was 6249.05 with 61. 76% L VEF and 2.21 % liver iron loading T2* value. Liver siderosis prevalence was high, 83%, however only 15.84% of them had a comorbid cardiac siderosis. Heart failure define as L VEF <56%, present in only 9 .8% of the study population. Liver iron loading were the only statistically proven factors contributing towards the development of cardiac siderosis with 74.2% ROC value. Conclusions: The prevalence of cardiac siderosis was 16.8% and the prevalence of liver iron overload was relatively high, 83%. The significant associations between liver iron loading and cardiac siderosis emphasized the importance of detecting cardiac siderosis early through CMR T2* especially in a state with high prevalence cases of transfusion dependent thalassaemia.
- PublicationEnhanced Gray Wolf Algorithm Based Feature Selection For Sentiment Analysis(2025-08)People access social media platforms through a range of IoT devices, including smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices, which lead to the generation of a significant quantity of data. The high dimensional of data is considered a major challenge in analyzing and extracting knowledge from big data. Feature selection is a technique concerned with selecting only the most relevant features to improve performance. In the context of wrapper-based feature selection approaches, the algorithm is often stuck in a poor solution (feature subset) due to its inability to efficiently explore the search space. To tackle this problem, first, an enhanced wrapper-based approach that combines the BGWO algorithm with the AβHC local search algorithm (Aβ-BGWO) was proposed to enhance the BGWO exploitation capabilities and improve its performance in terms of local search ability. Second, enhance the Aβ-BGWO by integrating it with BHHO (Aβ-BGWHHO) to improve the global convergence of A𝛽-BGWO, enhance its exploration capabilities, and fine-tune between exploitation and exploration. Third, due to the nature of the sentiment analysis datasets, filter methods can effectively identify and eliminate noise features, thereby enhancing the quality of feature subsets evaluated by the wrapper approach.
- PublicationThe Influence Of Internal Corporate Governance Characteristics On External Audit Quality In Libyan Islamic Banks: The Moderation Role Of Islamic Work Ethics(2025-08)The main objective of this research is to empirically investigate the relationship between ICGCs and EAQ in Libyan Islamic banks. This study also analyzes how ICGCs influence EAQ in Libyan Islamic banks. It also analyzes the moderating role of IWEs in Libyan Islamic banks. The Libyan governance guideline for banking (LGGB) emphasized the importance of the three ICGMs for the EAQ: board of directors, audit committee, and internal audit. This research adopts cross-sectional quantitative deductive approach with explanatory research design.
- PublicationDrivers Influencing The Intention To Adopt The Internet Of Things By Manufacturing Smes In Pakistan: An Integration Of The Toe And Hot-Fit Models(2025-07)This research explores how medium-sized and small enterprises plan to adopt Internet of Things (IoT) technology in manufacturing. This research integrates two theoretical frameworks combining the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and the Human-Organization-Technology fit (HOT-fit) theory. Additionally, the study examines how leadership support moderates the relationships between organizational drivers, as well as how organizational resistance moderates human drivers. Investigation required sixteen formulated hypotheses in total.
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- ItemModeling and simulation of reactive distillation column for the production of methyltertiary butyl ether (mtbe) incorporating structured or random packing(2018-06)A simulation of reactive distillation column has been developed for the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). The proposed model was validated by comparing the simulated results obtained from Aspen Plus with the simulation data from the literature. The temperature and composition profiles obtained from simulations showed close agreement with the literature reported data. The simulation basis of reactive distillation column was set. It is assumed that the reactive distillation column has a total number of 17 stages. The reactive distillation column has two feed streams, which is a methanol feed on stage 3 and a mixed butenes feed on stage 11. The column pressure used is 11atm. The reflux ratio is 7. With the optimised column configuration and operating conditions, an isobutene conversion up to 99.9 was obtained through simulation. There are 26 different structured and random packings available in Aspen Plus V8.8 are selected in this research. 13 different structured packings and 13 different random packings are simulated by using simulation basis proposed. The packing section of MTBE synthesis set from stage 4 as starting stage and stage 11 as ending stage. The height equivalent of a theoretical plate (HETP), pressure drop and liquid holdup has been determined for different catalytic packing. Simulation results for MTBE synthesis are compared with optimised results that cover the isobutene conversion and MTBE purity.
- PublicationAnalysis Of Selected Antibiotics And Heavy Metals In Northern Malaysia Sewage Treatment Facilities Using A Wastewater Based Epidemiology Approach(2023-05)The purpose of this study was to analyse the presence and the fate of four (4) selected last-resort antibiotics (Colistin, Polymyxin B, Meropenem, and Vancomycin) with the additional five (5) selected heavy metals (Copper, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc, and Iron) in wastewater samples from 18 different sewage treatment plants (STP) in the northern part of Malaysia.
- PublicationMental health literacy and its associated factors among parents and teachers of secondary school students in peninsular Malaysia(2023-05)The increase in mental health and suicide issues among adolescents calls for the need to improve the parents, caregivers, and teachers’ mental health literacy (MHL) and suicide literacy (SL) to ensure adequate knowledge to provide initial mental health support. The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of mental health and suicide literacies and identify their associated demographic factors. The crosssectional study recruited 867 participants (parents and teachers) across 24 government secondary schools in West Malaysia sampled via a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The current study used the 12-item Malay Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS-M) and the 26-item Malay Literacy of Suicide Scale (M-LOSS) to assess mental health and suicide literacies. The mean score of overall MHL for the current study sample was 43.82 (SD = 4.07). Study results showed significant mean differences between sexes, religions, education levels, income brackets, had known someone with a mental disorder, had assisted someone with a mental illness, and attended formal training for psychological first aid. Participants who scored higher on their MHL level tend to be female, had known someone with a mental disorder, had assisted someone with a mental disorder, and attended formal psychological first aid training. Upon regression, age, income brackets, knowing someone with mental disorder, and attended formal psychological first aid training were the significant predictors of MHL. As for the SL, the current population scored 54.0% (M = 14.05, SD = 2.61), with the highest rate of correct responses on the treatment and prevention subscale, followed by the risk factors subscale, signs and symptoms subscale, and the lowest in the causes and nature subscale. The mean score difference was found to be significant between school types. There is a significant negative correlation between age and mean SL score, and age was the unique predictor of SL level. Finally, no significant association was found between MHL and SL. The study findings can be used as a foundation for MHL and SL research among the local Malaysian community to guide the development of effective evidence-based intervention programmes for mental health and suicide.
- ItemPiawaian kompetensi ICT untuk guru-guru sains dan matematik: kajian delphi(2010-11)Despite much investment in time and cost spent in training Malaysian science and mathematics teachers on the use and application of ICT knowledge and skills, the effective use of ICT in student-centered learning in the classroom is yet to be fully realized among the students. The main individual in helping student develop these capabilities is the classroom teacher. The researcher contends that an empirically designed ICT competency standard for Malaysian science and mathematics teachers will facilitate the proper design and implementations of ICT-related training programs. The research processes involved a series of scientific research involving qualitative approaches and the Delphi technique. From document analysis, exploratory interviews and round table discussions, a list of specific ICT competencies comprising of 6 main categories, 24 indicators and 36 items underwent three cycles of the Delphi technique to validate the data. The Delphi panel was made up of 33 experts comprising of educational technology experts, lecturers and school teachers who are experienced in the use and application of ICT. These experts were identified using snowball sampling method. The results were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and MS EXCEL software. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric test such as frequency count, measure central of tendency, quartile deviations and Wilcoxon Match-paired Signed-rank tests were employed to analyze the data. Only statements which achieved high consensus level and high rating were used in the establishment of the ICT competency standards for this study. Analysis of the data revealed that 5 main categories (Planning and Designing Learning Environment; Smart Pedagogy; e-Assessment and e-Evaluation; Lifelong Professional Learning, Practice and Productivity; and Social and Cyber Moral Value) and 17 competency indicators were ranked to be very important and achieved high consensus level. Based on the findings of this study, the Malaysian ICT Competency Standards for Science and Mathematics Teachers was established. In addition, a total of 30 items were listed as a set of evaluation criteria that can be used to measure teachers' ICT competency level based on this newly developed competency standards. It is recommended that the curriculum for ICT training programmes for in-service teachers be revised and designed in alignment with the research findings of this study. This standard can ensure that all the ICT trainings undertaken by teachers are of high quality and are relevant to the Malaysian teaching and learning contexts.
- ItemA retrospective study of in hospital time management of acute stroke patient in the emergency department Hospital Kuala Lumpur(Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan, 2008)The Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur commonly receives cases of patients presented with signs and symptoms of acute stroke in which majority of them are send for CT Brain for confirmation of diagnosis. However in a case of acute ischaemic stroke none of them had been given fibrinolytic therapy or r-tpa in which assumption made that the patient had missed the beneficial period of the therapy which is within 3 hours from the onset of symptoms. The objectives of the study are to analyse the in-hospital time taken for stroke patients when arrives in the Emergency Department until the diagnosis of stroke is confirmed. This will include the time interval from door to medical consultation,door to CT scan performed till door to CT scan film interpreted.Besides this the time of symptoms onset is also studied as well as the demographic profile of the stroke patients. The association between the demographic factor and stroke risk factors with the time of hospital arrival is also include in the study. A total of 200 patients were involved in the study. All subjects were those age more than 18 years old who presented to the emergency department with the signs and symptoms of acute stroke and had CT brain done.The data analyse will be collected retrospectively through case notes in which the detail of the patients, demographic factor, history of presenting complaint, past medical history, social history, time documentation when seen by doctor till CT film interpretation will be reviewed. In this study the data analysed are stroke patients presented to the Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur in a period of 1 year from 1st April 2007 until 31st March 2008 From 200 patients 42% of them are Malay followed by Chinese (36.5%), Indian (18.5%) and others (3.0%). Male accounted for 65% while female accounted for 35%. The mean age was 58.3 years old with 58.5% were more than 55 years old. The CT brain finding shows infarct in 42.5% of patients, normal CT finding accounted for 39% and haemorrhagic stroke in 18.5% of patients. The percentage of patients who arrived more than 3 hours from the onset of symptoms was 73% while less than 3 hours was 27% . Most of the patient is triaged to the yellow zone which accounted for 45.5%, followed by the green zone which is 41.5% and the red zone (13%) . As for the in-hospital time analysis, it is found that the mean time interval for door to medical consultation is 24.2 minutes and the mean time interval for door to CT is 52.3 minutes. Hypertension occurs highest most among the patients (52.5%) followed by diabetes (41.5%),family history of stroke (23%), smoking (21%), ischaemic heart disease (14.5%), previous history of stroke (8%) and hyperlipidaemia (3.5%). There is a significant association between time of hospital arrival and age in which pvalue is less than 0.05. The significant independent predictors for time of hospital arrival is age (OR 1.83,95% CI 0.958,3.502), Hypertension (OR 1.99,95% CI 0.989,3.906) and ischaemic heart disease (OR 0.424,95%CI 0.174,1.036). 73% of stroke patients arrives late to the Emergency Department Hospital Kuala Lumpur. There is also an in-hospital delay in which may jeopardise the chance of patient for fibrinolytic therapy. Critical pathway might need to be structured in the emergency department to overcome the delay, hence improving the care of stroke patient.