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- PublicationMagmas And The Twelve Local Moufang Identities(2025-05)Quasigroup is a binary system in which the specification of any two of x,y and z in the equation x · y = z determines the third element uniquely. A loop is a quasigroup with a (two-sided) identity element. A magma is a generalization of loops that does not satisfy the quasigroup condition. The (four) moufang identities are identities which are equivalent to each other in the variety of loops, for which a direct and comprehensive proof is provided. Each moufang identity involves three variables. By transforming a variable into a constant in each identity, the four moufang identities can be localized into twelve local identities. However, these local moufang identities are not generally equivalent to each other in the variety of magmas. Hence, this thesis aims to introduce not-too-restrictive conditions to magmas such that relationships can be found between these local identities. The automated reasoning tool prover9 and the finite model builder mace4 are used to obtain some of the important results in this thesis.
- PublicationDna Barcoding Of The Family Scombridae, Morphometrics And Genetic Diversity Of Kawakawa Euthynnus Affinis (Cantor, 1849) From Malaysian Waters Inferred By Mitochondrial (Mtdna) Genes(2025-03)Kawakawa (euthynnus affinis) is a widely distributed epipelagic tuna, considered among the most economically significant species in the subtropical and tropical waters of the indo-pacific region. However, the lack of comprehensive information on the stock structure, management, and conservation of e. Affinis in malaysian waters raises concerns of potential overfishing and depletion of this important marine fish. To ensure effective and successful species management, it is imperative to study its stock structure. This study employed both genetic and morphometric approaches to assess the molecular and morphometric differentiation of e. Affinis specimens collected from four marine regions: the south china sea (scs), straits of malacca (m), sulu sea (ss), and celebes sea (cs). In the first step of this study, multivariate analyses, such as principal component analyses (pca), discriminant function analyses (dfa), and cluster analyses (ca) were conducted to distinguish a total of 398 samples of e. Affinis based on 12 morphometric measurements. A principal component analysis (pca) was performed and resulted in 12 components with eigenvalues greater than 0.3. The first component (pc1) alone explained 81.627% of the variation in body shape and effectively distinguished between e. Affinis samples.
- PublicationImpact Of Statin And Identification Of Risk Factors Associated With The Development Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study In The United Arab Emirates(2025-04)Chronic kidney disease (ckd) represents a significant worldwide health challenge, with far-reaching implications for both patients and healthcare systems. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of ckd incidence at stages 3-5, examines the impact of statin therapy and other antihyperglycemic interventions, and identifies key predictive factors, offering valuable insights into the complex dynamics of ckd progression in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm). This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study based on data derived from electronic medical records (emr) of united arab emirates (uae) populations with diabetes mellitus, registered at outpatient clinics at tawam hospital in al ain, uae, between january 2011 and december 2021. This study utilized two cohort groups, one of which consisted of a group of patients who were receiving statin therapy and another group of patients who were not receiving statin therapy and purposeful sampling was used in the recruitment of these patients. T2dm patients aged ≥ 18 years who had serum hba1c level ≥ 6.5% and using one of the statin therapies were included. Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm), who had undergone permanent renal replacement therapy, with under 1 year of follow-up and missing or incomplete data were excluded from the study.
- PublicationThe Effectiveness Of Using Ground And Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Uav)-Based Bird Deterrent Methods In Industrial Setting(2025-04)Controlling pest birds in large industrial areas presents greater challenges compared to smaller residential settings due to the scale, complexity, and persistent bird activity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 14 ground-based bird deterrent methods and various unmanned aerial vehicles (uavs) in deterring common pest bird species such as barn swallow (hirundo rustica) and asian glossy starling (aplonis panayensis) from perching at a large semiconductor factory. The ground-based deterrents were generally categorized as auditory, visual and chemical deterrents. Testing various ground-based bird deterrent and uavs was necessary due to differences in species-specific responses, potential habituation to single deterrents, and the environmental complexity of industrial areas, where birds exploit numerous roosting sites. Industrial zones, like semiconductor factories, are particularly vulnerable due to large, sheltered infrastructure that attracts persistent bird populations, creating operational, health, and safety risks. Results showed that none of the ground-based methods were effective in deterring pest birds over a 4-day period. However, multirotor and predator-design uavs were effective in dispersing asian glossy starling flocks during active operation times, though birds often relocated to nearby areas.
- PublicationInvestigating Narrative Devices In Selected Novels Of William Somerset Maugham From The Perspective Of Genette’S Narrative Theory(2025-04)This thesis investigates the narrative features in william somerset maugham’s three selected novels—of human bondage, the moon and sixpence, and the razor’s edge. It examines how maugham employs narrative devices related to time, mood, and voice to shape his novels, utilizing genette’s narrative theory as the analytical framework. This study explores five research questions: the extent to which narrative devices related to time, mood, and voice are utilized in these novels; the similarities and differences in their usage across the three works; and the significance of these narrative devices in interpreting maugham’s overall narrative style. Employing a qualitative method, this research identifies, codes, and quantifies the narrative devices in each chapter of the selected novels. The raw numerical data are presented in tabular form, and distinctiveness ratios are calculated to analyze the patterns within the narrative techniques. The numbers are meticulously compared, described, and interpreted to provide a comprehensive understanding of the narrative strategies utilized in the selected texts. Through detailed textual analysis, this research reveals how maugham’s manipulation of temporal structures in narrative time, perspective shifts in narrative mood, and narrative voice variations contribute to the thematic and aesthetic dimensions of his novels.
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- ItemAntecedents And Outcomes Of Export Pricing Practices Evidence From Global Production Hub In Penang(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2020-11)The Penang export hub is a unique example of a government policy due to its development priorities with emerging opportunities for international specialization initiated by the ongoing process of global production sharing. This study aims to investigate the antecedents and outcomes of export pricing practices. It also intends to examine the relationship of international experience, technological turbulence, psychic distance, export pricing practices and export performance (export intensity (EI), export growth (EG), export profitability (EP)) amongst MNEs at the global production hub in Penang. The moderating effects of competitive intensity in the relationship between export pricing practices (EPP) and export performance (EP) (EG, EI, EP) are also examined. To test the framework, Resource-based View (RBV), Contingency Theory (CT) and Organizational Learning Theory (OLT) were employed in this study.
- ItemDevelopment Of A Nomogram To Guide The Monitoring Of Once Daily Dosing Gentamicin Regimen In Hospital Melaka(Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2013-07)The exact starting dose used in once daily dosing gentamicin (ODD) has not been clearly defined but it is typically equivalent to the sum of doses traditionally used with conventional dosing over a 24-hour period. However, most literatures have recommended a dosing range of 5 to 7 mg/kg/day. Despite these recommendations, anecdotal reports have shown that the usual dose used in ODD in Malaysia was much lower, with an average of 3.5 mg/kg. Therefore, clinical and bacteriological cures maybe different. Consequently, published monitoring method of ODD gentamicin in the literature may not be applicable in local setting. This study was carried out to evaluate the practice of ODD gentamicin, to determine its pharmacokinetic parameters and to develop a simple monitoring method applicable in Hospital Melaka.
- ItemThe Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Firm's Performance: Evidence from Malaysian GLC(2009)This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic factors on GLC share price returns m Malaysia. The performance of the share price was largely attributed to the GLC Transformation Program launched by the government. To examine the impact of the macroeconomic variables on the share price, we developed a simple model based on the Arbitrage Pricing Theory by Ross (1976). By applying the techniques of cointegration, Error Correction Model and Granger causality, we examine the short run dynamics and long run equilibrium relationship between G-20 Index and the four selected macroeconomic variables of real output, price level, money supply and interest rate using monthly data from 1988 to 2008. The data was examined in two periods; whole sample period and a second sample period of up to 1997 before the Asian Financial Crisis. The results suggest that the share price and the macroeconomic variables are cointegrated and there was evidence of long run relationships in the periods under study. Through the Error Correction Model we found that the short run adjustments were from different channels in different periods of study. Finally we examined the short run Granger causality to look at the causal relationship among the variables. We found that in the whole sample period only the past information on interest rate may be used to predict the share price and in the second sample no information from any of the macroeconomic variables may be used to predict share price.
- ItemSatu Kajian Proses Kelulusan Sijil Kelayakan Bagi Pendudukan Untuk Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang(1995)Kajian ini adalah menjuruskan kepada kelulusan proses pembangunan Sijil Kelayakan Bagi Pendudukan di Majlis Perbandaran Pulau Pinang. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji cara atau prosidur yang dapat mempercepatkan proses kelulusan tersebut. Fenomena ini telah menjadi isu utama di negara kita terutama di bandar besar seperti Pulau Pinang dan Kuala Lumpur.
- PublicationFeasibility study on construction of cylindrical part using wire arc additive manufacturing (waam)(2024-07-01)This project explores recent advancements in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and its pivotal role in shaping the manufacturing industry, specifically in the production of intricate geometric forms, such as cylindrical parts. The integration of multiple axes, up to 6 axes, in 3D welding has proven to be instrumental in achieving the complexity required for diverse applications. Nevertheless, challenges have emerged in the deposition of layers along the z-axis for constructing cylindrical parts, resulting in a decrease in height due to molten metal flow and subsequent structural defects. In order to address this issue, the study introduces an innovative welding technique that employs helical-shaped depositions along the x-axis, facilitated by a rotational axis module. This approach aims to enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts by preventing the issues associated with traditional layer-by-layer deposition. The study includes precise calculations to combine the existing welding machine and jig, assuring synchronization between the two components. Furthermore, the project explores the utilization of G-code programming to optimize welding parameters. G-code modifications are employed to determine the best parameters for fabrication of cylindrical part. The feasibility of the suggested technique is evaluated using the produced cylindrical parts in terms of shape and features, highlighting its constraints and potential future applications to considerably enhance the fabrication of cylindrical parts in the manufacturing industry.