Publication: Fabrication of nanohybrid electrodes for supercapacitor applications
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Date
2025-08-01
Authors
Nuraliya Sufia binti Mohamad Abdul Ghafar
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Abstract
Supercapacitors currently hold a significant position in energy storage systems because of their exceptionally high-power density, despite being outpaced by batteries and fuel cells in terms of energy density. EDLCs, despite showing great cycling stability and fast charging abilities, are intrinsically limited by a low energy density that generally does not surpass 20 Wh/kg. In this study, fabrication of hybrid supercapacitor is to counterback the limitation of EDLCs by integrating pseudocapacitor mechanism with embedded platinum nanoparticles for capacitance booster. Focusing on optimizing electrode materials through the studies of effect on activated carbon used, graphene, iron (III) oxide, and platinum nanoparticles. The electrodes were fabricated by mixing the active materials with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. The mixture was cast on aluminium current collector by using a doctor blade. Then, the electrodes were left dried in an oven overnight. The specific capacitance was enhanced to 238.28 F/g (CV) and 95.97 F/g (GCD) by introducing 0.5 wt% graphene. The addition of 0.5 wt% Fe2O3 to a composition of AC: Gr: PVDF (7.6: 0.5: 1.4) improved its specific capacitance to 97.03 F/g for GCD and 215.85 F/g for CV. Further enhancing performance, embedding 300 μL of PtNPs into AC-Gr-Fe2O3 raised the specific capacitance to 107.58 F/g, energy density to 5.68 Wh/kg, and power density to 818.99 W/kg. The optimized nanohybrid electrode powered a fan for 4.2 minutes (4 minutes 42 seconds) and a red LED for 55 minutes, validating the effectiveness of the PtNPs-embedded composite.