Publication: Paratransit service quality and rerouting route network assessment as a feeder mode for light rail transit in Medan City, Indonesia.
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Date
2025-11
Authors
Irwan Suranta, Sembiring
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Abstract
The efficacy of urban light rail transit (LRT) in Medan is contingent upon the availability of reliable first/last mile access a prerequisite for achieving intended mode shift. The existing paratransit (angkot) is fragmented, overlapping, and perceived as inconsistent in safety, comfort, and reliability, motivating this research into rerouting paratransit as an effective LRT feeder. Grounded in service-quality and customer satisfaction theory (ACSI) and first/last-mile integration concepts, the study employs a mixed-methods design with an emphasis on sampling and methodology: a questionnaire survey of 400 users measuring comfort, route, safety, environment, fare, and travel time; SEM-PLS to relate service attributes to passenger satisfaction and acceptance of rerouting; GIS (ArcGIS) to design feeder routes within a 3-km LRT buffer; and stakeholder validation with transport authorities and operators. The novelty of this dissertation lies in integrating a behaviourally grounded satisfaction–acceptance model with GIS-based feeder design for an informal paratransit system and validating the result with implementers. Findings are simplified as follows: current satisfaction is generally low-to-moderate, with priority improvements in frequency, safety, thermal
comfort, and emissions; higher satisfaction is associated with greater acceptance of rerouting; spatial analysis produces 48 feeder routes aligned to the LRT corridor, and stakeholders indicate predominantly moderate-to-high acceptance. The resulting framework offers decision for phasing paratransit–LRT integration, improving accessibility, reducing travel time, and supporting a more sustainable, user-oriented network.