Publication: Modelling of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and ammoniacal nitrogen for sungai perai basin using hydrodynamic model
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Date
2023-05-01
Authors
Danial Nakhaie Bin Mohd Souhkri
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Abstract
Shortage of clean water has been an issue for an urbanised areas. To overcome the problem, Pulau Pinang tries to find an alternative source of water; and one of the options is Sungai Perai. The river has a large catchment area and is located in Pulau Pinang state boundary however the river was polluted and not suitable to be extracted for domestic consumption. To understand the behaviour of the river, a water quality model was developed for Sungai Perai, Sungai Jarak and Sungai Kulim using InfoWork ICM. Rainfall data and topographical information were use for hydrological analysis; while sampling and demographical information as pollution input for the water quality model. Year 2016 was selected as model event due to data availability. The result of three parameters (BOD, COD and NH4) was used for analysis and TMDL calculation; load duration curve approach was used to estimate TMDL. Based on the analysis, it was observed the concentration of pollutants is highest in March and lowest in November. The concentration was observed to be in relation to seasonal change; as the flow increased, the concentration decreased. The simulation data was used to generate TMDL. It was discovered that pollutant load exceedance about 95% which is the highest during the rainy season and the problematic pollutant is NH4.