Publication: Analysis of crack propagation in articular cartilage under cyclic loading using extended finite element method (xfem)
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Date
2023-07-01
Authors
Muhammad Izzamuddin Bin Azanan
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Abstract
In severe joint injuries, cartilage abnormalities that spread following mechanical loading are common. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) may develop as a result of the spread of these lesions. The processes underlying their spread are yet unknown, though. Despite the fact that there are currently no numerical prediction methods for calculating fracture propagation in cartilage under cyclic loading, they would be crucial for understanding how cracks develop in wounded tissue following trauma. Here, we describe a computational method that uses the extended finite element method to calculate crack propagation in articular cartilage under cyclic loads. The implementation of elastic and viscoelastic cartilage material models. The experimental fracture length that was reported in the literature and was replicated by our numerical extended finite element method showed that the crack length increased with the number of loading cycles. The magnitude of the fracture is the primary distinction between frequencies of 100 Hz and 150 Hz. At 200 Hz, the crack in the viscoelastic material is 4.5 mm below the surface and 9 mm to the right. The status XFEM is another difference. The fact that the status XFEM at 200 Hz is about +4.167e-01 indicates that the crack is more serious at the higher frequency of cyclic loading. Lasly, The elastic model resists crack propagation more than the viscoelastic model because it is stiffer. However, the viscoelastic model is more prone to crack growth, especially at higher frequencies, and the cracks generally move upwards. Interestingly, in the viscoelastic model at 200Hz, the cracks change direction and move downwards, indicating that the material is not as resistant to cracking.