Publication: The effects of multiple opening on the behaviour of hollow concrete blocks masonry panels.
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Date
2025-08
Authors
Abrahem A Ali, Blash
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Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of double opening positions on hollow concrete masonry wall axial compression strength. The specific
objectives included exploring the impact of height-to-thickness (h/t) and length-to thickness (l/t) ratios on masonry prism compressive strength, investigating the effect of opening size, position, and aspect ratio on hollow block masonry walls, and developing a predictive formula for strain in full-scale hollow concrete masonry walls. The research methodology incorporated experimental design and a finite element approach using ABAQUS software. A crucial finding from this study was that increasing the h/t ratio reduced masonry wall compressive strength, while increasing the l/t ratio led to a corresponding increase, as demonstrated in both experimental and numerical models. Additionally, masonry walls with double openings exhibited significantly lower compressive strength compared to solid walls, with openings positioned closer to applied loads resulting in greater strength reduction than those located farther away. However, the overall impact of opening position was minimal. Furthermore, numerical simulations generally produced higher compressive strength values than experimental results, including for masonry walls with double openings. The analysis also showed that increasing the aspect ratio of openings reduced masonry wall compressive strength. The strain prediction equation for masonry walls showed high accuracy (R² = 99%). Designers should prioritize smaller, centrally located
openings with lower aspect ratios. This approach helps maintain higher wall compressive strength.