Publication: Effect of titanium dioxide and tetrabutyl titanate on structural and electrochemical properties of liv3o8 synthesized by solid-state processing
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Date
2025-08-08
Authors
Muhammad Afiq Iqmal bin Ahmad Zaini
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Abstract
This study investigates the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and tetrabutyl titanate (C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti) as doping sources on the structural and electrochemical properties of lithium vanadium oxide (LiV₃O₈) synthesized via solid-state processing. LiV₃O₈ is a promising cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and layered structure, but it suffers from poor conductivity and structural instability. The research aims to enhance these properties by incorporating Ti⁴⁺ ions into the LiV₃O₈ lattice. The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA), and conductivity measurements. Electrochemical performance was evaluated through charge/discharge cycling. Results showed that Ti doping improved crystallinity, reduced particle size, and enhanced electrical conductivity. The 5% tetrabutyl titanate-doped sample exhibited the highest initial discharge capacity which 315.22 mAh/g but experienced faster capacity fading compared to undoped LiV₃O₈. The study highlights the potential of Ti-doped LiV₃O₈ for high-performance lithium-ion batteries while emphasizing the need for further optimization to improve cycling stability.