Publication: Synthesis and performance of polyisobutylene-based dispersant for carbon stabilization in engine oil
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Date
2024-08-01
Authors
Khairun Najwa Binti Amir
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Abstract
Polymeric dispersants are commonly added to engine oil to prevent agglomeration of carbon particles due to incomplete fuel combustion, thus reducing the amount of soot released to the environment. The carbon stabilization induced by these dispersants is still poorly understood. This research aims to synthesize two polymeric dispersants with different functional groups and to evaluate the performance of simulated engine oil induced by the polymeric dispersants in terms of carbon stabilization and the carbon released at high-temperature decomposition. PIBSI and PIBSAE were synthesized at different molar ratios of PIBSA to head group (1:1 and 2:1), and the functional group and average molecular weight were determined. The dispersants were added into decane with 0.00034wt% of N330 carbon black, at varying concentrations (0wt%, 3wt%, 5wt%, and 7wt%). Performance of carbon stabilization in terms of turbidity optical observation, zeta potential analysis, dynamic light scattering, surface tension, contact angle, and thermogravimetric analysis were done. The addition of 3wt% of PIBSI 1:1, PIBSI 2:1, PIBSAE 1:1, and PIBSAE 2:1 in a decane with carbon black suspension can reduce the surface tension and contact angle. The findings are supported by significant reduction in average particle size. The carbon particle is stabilized by electrostatic and steric stabilization at this concentration. Concentration beyond 3wt% of dispersant increases the particle size due to the steric stabilization of PIB tail, inducing the agglomeration of PIB tail. Decane with 3 wt.% of PIBSI 1:1 dispersant can provide better thermal stability and better consistencies in carbon black dispersion on metal. Addition of 3 wt.% of dispersant in decane can provide optimum carbon stabilization, and improve overall performance of the simulated engine oil