Publication: Optimised formulation of eggshell powder filled glass fibre reinforced polymer composite: mechanical, thermal and fire resistance properties
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Date
2024-07-01
Authors
Muhammad, Athifah Fakhirah
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Abstract
This study explores the use of chicken eggshell powder (ESP) as a biofiller in E-glass fibre-reinforced composites. Eggshells, typically agricultural waste, are low
density, abundant, inexpensive, and effective as flame-retardants. The research examines the mechanical, thermal, and fire resistance properties of GFRP composites with ESP. The eggshells were cleaned, dried, crushed, pulverized, and sieved to obtain filler powders of 50 μm, 100 μm, and 150 μm sizes. These powders were mixed with epoxy and laminated with E-glass using a wet hand lay-up technique. The mechanical performance was evaluated based on filler size and loading concentration, with ANOVA used to assess the maximum tensile and flexural stress. The optimal parameters obtained from the regression analyses were 150 µm filler size and 10 wt% loading, resulting in a maximum tensile stress of 272.95 MPa, flexural stress of 189.15 MPa, and a desirability score of 0.874, indicating a strong model fit. Thermal stability and fire resistance assessments revealed significant improvements in fire resistance, with a 22.52% decrease in weight loss, an 11.54% decrease in self-extinguishing time, and a 16.97% decrease in linear burning rate. These findings suggest that ESP enhances the degradation temperature, reduces weight loss, shortens flame extinguishment times, and improves flame retardancy, highlighting the potential for using eggshell waste in sustainable composite materials.