Publication: Production of glass and glass ceramic from rice straw
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Date
2009-05-01
Authors
Jamal Rashidi, Badrul Hisyam
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Abstract
An innovative glass based on aluminosilicate system, SiO2 - Al2O3 – Na2O – CaO was produced using rice straw ash as part of the silica, SiO2 source. Rice straw powder was send to XRF and DSC/TG analysis. Straw ash was prepared by firing process in a furnace at temperature 950˚C, 1000˚C and 1050˚C for 2hours soaking time. XRD analysis showed that the ash produced is mainly SiO2 (crystoballite) and XRF analysis conformed that the SiO2 content in the ash that was fired at temperature 950˚C is the highest that is 87 weight% compare to the other two ash produced. Particle size distribution analysis was also conducted on the ash and rice straw that was fired at temperature 950˚C give the smallest average of particle size that is 16.68µm. Silica that was taken from Ipoh, Perak was analyzed using XRF analysis to conform the purity of it. The silica contain in it is 98%. The batch composition was calculated before melting of the glass at 1500˚C for 5 hours soaking time. A slightly greenish and bubble-free glass was successfully produced. DSC/TG analysis was done to the glass produced to obtain the suitable nucleation and crystallization temperature for the heat treatment to the glass. Subsequently, heat treatment on the glass at 850 C (nucleation) for 2 hours followed by 950˚C and 1100˚C (crystallization) for 4 hours has also successfully produced glass ceramics. Density and hardness (Knoop) test conducted on the glass and glass ceramics show the highest density obtained by glass ceramic with crystallization temperature 1100˚C that is 2.5176 g/cm3 and the highest hardness obtained by glass ceramic temperature 950˚C that is 274.2 HK. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the microstructure in both of glass ceramics produced.