Publication: Effect of pre-surface treatment on Sus316l stainless steel substrate on Hydroxyapatite deposition
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Date
2025-08-08
Authors
Ng, Jing Wei
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Abstract
SUS316L stainless steel is widely used in biomedical applications such as orthopedic and dental implants due to its excellent mechanical strength, corrosion
resistance, and biocompatibility. However, its bioinert nature results in poor bonding with surrounding bone tissue, making the application of bioactive coatings like hydroxyapatite (HA) essential to improve osseointegration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different surface pre-treatments, without anodizing, single and double anodizing on the deposition behavior, structural characteristics, and adhesion performance of HA coatings on SUS316L substrates. HA coating was applied using a suspension method at deposition times of 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes, followed by sintering at 550 °C. Prior to anodizing, surface treatments were performed using acid and phosphate-based electrolytes to enhance surface roughness and reactivity. The coated samples were evaluated through weight gain analysis to quantify HA deposition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify crystalline phases, and scratch testing to assess mechanical adhesion. The results showed that double anodizing significantly improved HA coating performance, achieving the highest weight gain (4.91% at 3 minutes), stronger and sharper HA diffraction peaks in the XRD analysis, and superior resistance to delamination during scratch testing. In contrast, untreated samples exhibited the lowest deposition and weakest bonding, while single anodizing showed moderate improvement. These findings successfully meet the research objectives by establishing that surface treatment, particularly double anodizing, greatly enhances the adhesion, crystallinity, and durability of HA coatings on SUS316L. This approach holds strong potential for improving the long-term performance of stainless steel implants in biomedical applications.