Publication: Lignocellulosic degradation of efb and pome during thermophilic co-composting process with biochar and non-ionic surfactant as bulking agent
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Date
2024-02-01
Authors
Nursyafi Amila, Hilmy
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Abstract
EFB composting is a sustainable waste management practice that not only addresses the challenges of waste disposal but also contributes to soil health, reduces environmental impact, and supports sustainable agriculture. To overcome these difficulties some bulking agents was added to enhance the physiochemical process and microbial community. This research has two stages which is laboratory and batch reactor phase and also had two different mixtures which is mixture A and mixture B. The different between mixture A and B was mixture A contains more bulking agents while mixture B contains higher quantity of POME. In the laboratory phase, the results showed that Mixture B exhibited more favorable results compared to A, with optimal pH (7-9), moisture content (50-70%), and lower C/N ratio. The germination index increased more in mixture B (36.67% to 84.00% by week 7) than in A (22.22% to 80.00%). Next, for the batch reactor phase the results indicated varying pH levels (6.15-10.88), moisture content (50.00-68.20%), and C/N ratios (14.28-12.89). The study found that all mixtures underwent degradation, with significant microbial activity, particularly dominated by Actinobacteria. Combinations with these bulking agents resulted in higher reductions of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. In the reactor phase, the mixture of EFB + POME + BC + SC exhibited the highest reduction
in lignin at 43.59% by week 7 compared to other mixtures. In brief, the overall the results show that using a bulking agents help more in the degradation of EFB during the composting process.