Faktor pemakanan dan sosial . terhadap penyakit otitis media kronik di kalangan kanak-kanak (1-12 tahun) di Kota Bharu, Kelantan
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Date
2003
Authors
Che Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Nasir
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Abstract
This prevalence case-control study involved 102 children with Chronic Otitis Media
(COM) aged 1 to 12 years old attending the two specialist clinics namely Universiti
Sains Malaysia Hospital and Kota Bharu General Hospital for treatment. COM is a
disease where chronic inflammation occurs in middle ear cleft and is characterized by
perforation of the tympanic membrane either the pars tensa or pars flaccida. Sixty two
percent (62%) of patients came from Kota Bharu and 38% from other districts of
Kelantan. The control group were matched for age (±1 year old), sex and district they
come from and were chosen from several sources namely patient's neighbours (38%;
39 subjects), relatives (17%; 18 subjects) and sibling (10%; 11 subjects). The
remainder- 33% (34 subject) all aged 7 to 12 years old were taken randomly from two
schools in Kota Bharu. Anthropometry measurement (Median NCHS as reference) and
24-Hours Dietary Recall method were used for nutritional assesment amongst children.
Statistical analysis result using Odds Ratio (OR) showed a significant risk for
nutritional parameter; stunting (OR=3.54, SK95%=1.47-8.70), underweight (0R:::;2.59,
SK95%=1.31-5.18), arm circumference-percentile <10 Frisancho Reference (OR=2.18,
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0.98-5.01). The mean for calorie and Vitamin C intake showed an appreciable
differences where COM patient showed a low mean intake compared to the control
group. Information on relevant social factors were collected from children using a
structured questionaire. Several social aspects showed a significant elevated risk such
as teeth brushing <3 times/day (OR=4.81, SK95%=2.0 1-11. 7), never/rarely washing
hand after going to the toilet (OR=5.16, SK95%=2.15-12.5), never/rarely washing hand
using soap (OR=3.42, SK95%=1.43-8.26), ingrained dirt of pinnae (OR=3.03,
SK95%=1.11-8.48), dirt of nail (OR=2.33, SK95%=0.9-6.11) and exposure of passive
smoking at home (OR=1.89, SK95%=1.04-3.44). Breast feeding in early life, the type
of care in early life, the family structure and several personel hygiene parameters
studied did not show~d any significant increased risk. This study concluded that
malnutrition and several social aspects (personel hygiene and cigarette smoke exposure)
are important factors influencing COM amongst children.
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Keywords
Penyakit otitis