Novel protocol of engineering geophysics in urban environments

dc.contributor.author	Saad, Rosli
dc.date.accessioned	2014-11-03T02:20:36Z
dc.date.available	2014-11-03T02:20:36Z
dc.date.issued	2009
dc.description	PhD	en_US
dc.description.abstract	This research was carried out in an urban area and it was focused on detecting and mapping fractures, voids, filled cavities, collapsed cavities, pinnacles, cliff subsurface and overhangs that often occur in limestone areas. Prior to the field survey, the geophysical method, 2-D resistivity imaging was used and the research was to develop new resistivity acquisition techniques (protocols) that can provide better image; deeper penetration and less noise. The arrays used are Wenner, Wenner-Schlumberger and Pole-dipole. The new protocols (RSWenner, RSWenner-Schlumberger and RSPoledipole) were tested for their ability to map the underground features. Three models were designed to study the suitability of the new protocols; a theoretical model using RES2DMOD software, a laboratory model and a field model (miniature) with original medium. The study shows that the RSPole-dipole protocol with proper electrode spacing is the best protocol used to detect and map cavities, fractures and rock head. The study area was at the Stormwater Management and Road Tunnel (SMART) project along Jalan Chan Sow Lin (Tunnel alignment), Kuala Lumpur. The study was divided into two parts, which was pre-tunnel and post-tunnel survey. In the pre-tunnel study, detail information of the subsurface was needed to avoid problems which can compromise safety. Due to constraint of the study area being traffic congested, limited spacing and time, not all data acquisition was done using RSPole-dipole protocol. Some of the survey lines were replaced by RSWenner 32SX (L and S) protocol. All the data were correlated with each other and with borehole data provided by the developer. The pre-tunnel survey results show the presence of many weak zones (fractures, voids, filled cavities and collapsed cavities) along the tunnel alignment and the depth of the rock head was 1.25 – 10 meter. The post-tunnel survey was conducted in order to see and map the effect of grouting and tunnelling using the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM). To assist the mapping of utilities and very shallow subsurface features the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) was used. The GPR result shows the presence of many utilities in the subsurface.	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/276
dc.language.iso	en	en_US
dc.subject	Science Physic	en_US
dc.subject	Engineering geophysics	en_US
dc.subject	Urban environments	en_US
dc.title	Novel protocol of engineering geophysics in urban environments	en_US
dc.type	Thesis	en_US