Kajian intervensi komuniti terhadap faktor-faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular di kalangan masyarakat luar bandar Kelantan
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Date
2002
Authors
Alwi, Asharina
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading killer in Malaysia for the past
decade. Various studies have shown that the main risk factors for cardiovascular
diseases were smoking, stress, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity as well as
sedentary lifestyles. The objectives of this study was to determine the prevalence of
cardiovascular disease borderline risk factors. The other objectives was to determine
the effectiveness of educational intervention packages of healthy lifestyle in
improving subjects with borderline risk factors in Kelantan, Malaysia. This study was
a prospective interventional with a multistage cluster sampling design. Altogether
1333 subjects were screened and 568 subjects who fit the inclusion and exclusion
criteria agreed to participate in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to
the intervention and control group according to geographical location in Kota Bharu
and Bachok district. Two hundreds and sixty seven subjects were in control group
and 301 in intervention group. The intervention group received intervention session
which consist of 8 modules at 3 and 9 months. The modules were overweight,
impaired glucose tolerance, healthy diet, borderline hypertension, stress, stop
smoking and borderline hypercholesterolemia. Both groups were assessed at the end
of 12 months of study. Baseline data on cardiovascular risk factors were collected and
measurements of weight, height, blood pressure, fasting and 2-hour postprandial
blood sugar as well as serum cholesterol were made. Prevalence of borderline risk
factors for cardiovascular diseases in Kelantan was found to be 25.1% for impaired
glucose tolerance, 33.1% for overweight, 26.2% for borderline hypertension and
38.0% for borderline hypercholesterolaemia as well as 13.4% for smokers. The
results showed significant changes of body mass index in overweight subjects. The
mean difference of body mass index for overweight subjects in the intervention group
was 0. 77 kg/m2 lower than the control group (p = 0.006). Analysis also showed a
significant difference in smoking in which 30% of smokers in the intervention group
quit smoking at the end of the study compared to only 4% in the control group (p =
0.038). Other risk factors such as borderline hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance
and borderline hypercholesterolaemia showed no significant results at the end of the
12 months study period. Above all the educational intervention packages for healthy
lifestyle has significant positive effects on overweight subjects and smokers at the end
of the 12 months study period. Nevertheless the effect of these packages could be
maximized on other risk factors by extending the period of intervention with
continous support programme.
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Keywords
Kardiovaskular