Recovery of tin from copper dross by acid leaching process
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Date
2019-07
Authors
Muhamad Alif Bin Noor Azhar
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Abstract
Copper dross (CD) is a by-product from tin smelting process in Malaysia as the result of copper extraction or doping. During smelting processes, the impurities of copper become slag which floats on the molten metal after the addition of sulfur. The extraction of tin from CD by leaching process was carried out by using hydrochloric acid as a leaching agent. The CD sample was characterized by using XRF, SEM, EDX and XRD. From XRD analysis, due to the nature of CD as by-product of roasting, it is consist of complex mixture of different phases, where quartz, cassiterite and chalcopyrite peak have been identified. The XRF results has shown that the CD sample contain a few major constituents such as tin, copper, sulfur and alumina. In designing leaching process, statistical model using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed in this study by using Design Expert software. The leaching parameters such as acid concentration and temperature were investigated. From RSM analysis, it was found that the acid concentration and temperature are not the significant factor for recovery of tin due value of R2 too small. The stirring rate, type of dross, pulp density and type of acid used was being fixed based on the previous study. The optimum leaching extraction achieved when leaching condition is at 80 ℃ in 2.0 M of HCL for tin (63.03 % tin recovery). In conclusion, recovery of tin from copper dross by leaching method is viable, thereby increasing the economic values of tin smelting waste and further study should be more focus on the parameters used in leaching process.