The Effects Of Gynura Procumbens Extracts On Drug Metabolizing Enzymes
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Date
2015-07
Authors
Afandi, Atiqah
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Abstract
Resurgence in the use of herbal medicines worldwide and the co-use of conventional drug and traditional therapies is becoming more common. Gynura procumbens is an evergreen herb that has been commonly eaten raw or drink as tea in Malaysia. Despite various studies conducted on the pharmacological activities of Gynura procumbens, the interaction between this herb with drug metabolizing enzymes is still unknown. This is the first study regarding the modulation of Gynura procumbens extracts towards drug metabolizing enzymes. Extraction of Gynura procumbens leaves with water, ethanol and methanol produced a percentage of yields of 27.50%, 7.80% and 4.20% respectively. Quantification of two marker compounds kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin in each extracts is successful except for the aqueous extract of Gynura procumbens. Each ethanol and methanol extracts contain 1.60% and 1.79% and 2.33% and 3.83% of kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin respectively. Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and astragalin, however, could not be identified in aqueous extract. The content of phenolic compounds in Gynura procumbens extracts can be ranked in decreasing order as methanol extract > ethanol extract > aqueous extract, whereas the content of flavonoid compounds in Gynura procumbens extracts can be ranked in decreasing order as follows: ethanol extract > methanol extract > aqueous extract.The methanol extract of Gynura procumbens exhibited the most active free radical scavenger compared to the other extracts. Ethanol extract exhibited strong inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and GST enzyme with IC50 values of 32.01 ± 1.11μg/mL, 7.87 ± 1.22μg/mL and 44.62 ± 1.12μg/mL respectively. However, ethanol extract did not show significant inhibition on UGT enzymes. Methanol extract exhibited weak inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, CYP1A2 and GST enzymes with IC50 values more than 100 μg/mL. Similar to ethanol extract, methanol extract also did not affect UGT enzymes. Aqueous extract, on the other hand, demonstrated no inhibitory effect on all enzymes studied. In conclusion, the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes in this study follows the rank order of total flavonoid content (ethanol extract > methanol extract > aqueous extract) in which the higher the total flavonoid content, the stronger the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes studied.
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Keywords
General , Drug