Craniofacial skeletal pattern and facial height among Malay adolescents age 8-19 years in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
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Date
2008-06
Authors
Ahmed Abdulla, Dr. Tawfeeq Abdulla
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Abstract
Cranial base measurements in adolescents have been used -to interpret differences in
craniofacial morphology. Its unique location enables links to the development of the
facial complex that influences the developing facial structures. These measurements vary
between ethnic groups worldwide. This cross sectional study utilized 150 (98 males and
52 females) 3-Dimensional Computerized Tomography (3D CT) scans of healthy Malay
adolescents aged 8-19 years in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian,
Kelantan. The CT scans were further categorized into four subgroups that were 8-10, 11-
13, 14-16, and 17-19 years to detect changes in dimensions. These were analysed using
the Advantage Workstation AW 4.0-05 with a software package for processing images
acquired from medical imaging systems. The anterior cranial base (ACB) measurements
in males presented most significant increments in the 11-13 years and 14-16 years age
group. The posterior cranial base (PCB) measurements continued to increase from the
age of 8-10 years up to 14-16 years but ceased by the age of 17-19 years. The total
cranial base (TCB) measurements were significantly increased in the 11-13 years and 14-
16 years age group. In females the ACB measurements showed a significant increase in
the 8-10 years and 11-13 years age group after which, there were no significant
increments. The PCB seemed to grow more slowly and the rate of increments in all the
four age subgroups was insignificant. The TCB increments were significantly observed in
the age group of 8-10 years through 11-13 years with insignificant subsequent increments
in older age groups. The three linear measurements in males had higher values compared
to females in similar age sub-group categories. The most obvious differences between
sexes were the significant age of growth period where males demonstrated significant
increments after the age of 11-13 years while females showed significant increments at
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an earlier age of 8-10 years. In both sexes, the cranial base angle (CBA) showed a
significant positive correlation with the craniofacial skeletal pattern (ANB). However the
CBA did not show any significant relationship with the anterior facial height in both
sexes. The cranial base measurements among Malay male and female adolescents in Kota
Bharu are similar to those found in several Caucasian data. However cranial base
measurements among females illustrated that growth spurts were uncommon after the
chronological and skeletal ages of thirteen years. These findings have implications for
clinicians in the decisions regarding the timing of orthodontic treatment and orthodontic
treatment plan for the Malay ethnic group.
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Keywords
Skeletal pattern , Malay adolescents age 8-19 years