Quality enhancement of inner part of oil palm trunk lumber impregnated with phenol formal dehyde and oil palm shell nanofiller
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Date
2014
Authors
R u d i
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Abstract
Physical, mechanical, thermal and durable properties of the inner part of oil palm trunk lumber (IP-OPTL) would improve by impregnating with phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin and oil palm shell (OPS) nanofillers. The aim of this present study was to determine the optimum impregnation condition for quality improving of the IP-OPTL using PF resin and OPS nanofiller. PF resin and OPS nanofillers impregnation into IP-OPTL were conducted by pressure method with varying concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 and 10% w/w). The impregnated IP-OPTL were characterized and compared the physical, mechanical, thermal and durable properties with the dried IP-OPTL and rubberwood. Results showed that the inner part of OPT gained weight (36.5) due to the impregnation. The density was found to increase from 0.42 to 0.89 g/cm3 with increasing OPS nanofilers concentration. Moreover, water absorption (WA) reduced 36%, whereas the swelling coefficient (SC) decreased from 6.36 to 3.66%, and anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) significantly increased. It was observed that the swelling coefficient (SC) of impregnated IP-OPTL was lower than untreated IP-OPTL and rubberwood. Meanwhile, the WA, density and ASE were higher than rubberwood. Univariate analyses of variance (ANOVA) with a completely randomized design (CRD) reveals that tensile, flexural and impact strength properties of impregnate IP-OPTL increased due to the OPS nanofiller impregnation, while the elongation at break decreased. The Rubberwood
properties still exhibited lower mechanical properties than impregnated IP-OPTL. Besides, thermal properties of the impregnated IP-OPTL with OPS nanofiller showed higher thermal stability compared to impregnated IP-OPTL without OPS nanofiller, dried OPTL and rubberwood. The PF-impregnated OPTL with OPS nanofillers was slightly higher in fiber-matrix bonding compared to the PF-impregnated OPTL without OPS nanofillers. The OPS nanofiller tretaed samples resistance against subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) was classified to be moderate resistance. Meanwhile, resistance against drywood termite (Cryptotermes cynocephalus) was classified to be moderate resistant when samples were treated with 0, 1 and 3% OPS nanofiller. In the field test, impregnation with 3, 5 and 10% OPS nanofiller was classified as resistant, wherein 0 and 1% was classified as moderate resistant against subterranean termite. The effect of degradation (decay and weathering) for 12 months proved that the increased OPS nanofiller contents into phenol formaldehyde matrix and long exposure time cause the lowest percentage of degradation. The decline rate of properties decreased with increasing of the nanofiller concentration up to 5%. Hence, the impregnation with 5% nanofiller was determined optimum conditions for the highest degree of protection for degradation period of 12 months. Thus, the finding of the presents study shows that the impregnated IP-OPTL treated with PF and OPS nanofiller has the suitable physical, mechanical, thermal and durable properties for making furniture and structural application