Tsunami hazards in Southern Thailand
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Date
2008-06
Authors
Mohd Zaki, Noor Hidayah
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Abstract
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, known by the scientific community as the SumatraAndaman
earthquake, was the strongest earthquake in the world over the past 40 years.
Its source was close to Sumatra and caused tremendous loss of life and property along
the coastal regions surrounding the Indian Ocean. Southern Thailand located
approximately 500 km east of its source, was also severely suffered from the tsunami. A
numerical model based on the nonlinear shallow-water equations in cylindrical polar
coordinate system was developed to compute different aspects of tsunami along North
Sumatra in Indonesia and Penang Island in Peninsular Malaysia associated with the
Indonesian tsunami 2004 and the results presented in a previous study (Roy et aI, 2007).
In that study, finite difference scheme (forward in time and central in space) was used to
solve the equations. In this study, model of (Roy et aI, 2007) is used to compute the
effect of Indonesian tsunami of 2004 along the coastal belts of Southern Thailand
including Phuket Island. The pole of the frame is placed on the Southern Thailand (east
of Phuket Island) (9.2" N, 1 OOS E) and model area extends up to the west of Sumatra
(88° E). The propagation of the tsunami wave towards the west coast at Thailand is
simulated and the water levels along this coast are computed. The results of this study
show good agreement with observe data. The initial withdrawal of water from the beach
is also examined. It is also found that the nature of the source condition has a significant
effect on the initial withdrawal of water from the coast.
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Keywords
The SumatraAndaman earthquake, was the strongest earthquake , in the world over the past 40 years.