Variations In Tooth Size, Dental Arch Dimensions And Shape Among Malay School Children

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Date
2009-02
Authors
Hussein, Khalid Waleed
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Abstract
Tooth size ratio represents an important diagnostic tool for prediction of treatment outcomes and may also limit the necessity for diagnostic setups in complex cases. In orthodontics, the diagnosis and treatment of malocclusions require accurate knowledge of tooth dimension~ as a stable occlusion is often reliant on the correct I inter-cuspation of the teeth. Information concerning tooth size in human population is of importance to clinical dentistry as well as other sciences such as anthropology and anatomy. It appears that tooth size is determined principally by genetics but the proportion and type of genetic control may vary between .,teeth, individuals and populations. It is likely to be polygenic in nature. Environment then acts on this genetic variability to produce continuous variation in tooth size The aims of the present study were (1) to measure mesio-distal tooth size and dental arch dimensions in Malay schoolchildren with Class I, Class II and Class III. (2) To compare tooth size and arch dimensions and morphology in different classes of malocclusion. The current study consisted of study models of 150 subjects (78 males and 72 females), age rage between 12 and 16 years. Every malocclusion group consisted of fifty SUbjects. An electronic digital caliper was used to measure the individual mesiodistal tooth width of all maxillt'try and mandibular permanent teeth except second and, . third molars, inter-canine and inter-molar widths were also measured by the caliper. To measure maxillary and mandibular dental arch perimeter and length, AutoCAD software was used. Morphostudio software was used to quantify and localize the shape-changes of dental arch features. Descriptive statistics, ANOV A, independent t-test and paired I-test were used for data analysis. Tooth width and arch dimensions were larger in males than that of females except for lower arch perimeter and upper arch length. The results also showed that the arch widths were significantly smaller in Class II, compared to Class I. Significant difference was observed only in the mandibular inter-molar width. There were no significant diff~rences neither in arch perimeter or arch length in the maxillary and mandibular dental arches. Knowledge of arch width and tooth size that is associated with malocclusion is helpful in determining orthodontic treatment goals and likely post-treatment sequence for the malocclusion.
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Tooth size ratio represents , an important diagnostic tool
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