Characteristics Study Of Emulsified Biofuel And Egg Yolk Oil (EBEYO) Properties And Its Performance In Compression-Ignition Engine Using New Formulated Surfactants And Composition
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Date
2022-07-19
Authors
Alauden, Muhammad Rafiq
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Increasing fossil fuel price and government initiatives to cut greenhouse gas
emissions have led to a rise in demand for biofuel. In contrast to fossil fuels, which are
finite resources, biofuels are created from feedstocks that are continually replenished by
nature. Biofuel has a high oxygen content and burning it in the engine has improve
emissions indirectly. However, straight application of biofuel to the engine is absolutely
restricted since it will harm the engine by causing carbon deposits, injector clogging, and
incomplete combustion. Hence, proper emulsification of biofuel with the addition of
surfactant and water is required to produce better physicochemical properties such as
density, viscosity, and calorific value comparable to the baseline diesel fuel. The previous
experiment uses surfactant Tween 80 and Span 80 for emulsification. While for this
project, surfactants (Triton X-100 and Span 80) were used with constant of 2%
composition and the egg yolk oil (EYO) addition with different percentages (5%, 10%,
15%, 20% and 25%) volumes in the emulsified biofuel (EB). The effect of the EB blend
on the physicochemical properties and engine performance was studied. For the
physicochemical properties test, the results show that the addition from 5% to 25%
volumes of EYO into EB reduce the viscosity by 4.53%, for density by 1.27% and
increase the calorific value by 0.3% compared to neat EB (RPO100EYO). EBEYO 4
(RPO80EYO20) has the lowest density with 1.27% drop and highest calorific value with
0.3% gain when compared to EB fuel. The percentage difference in the physicochemical
criteria between EBEYO and baseline diesel fuel is by 6.68% for density, 87.2% for
viscosity and 11.9% for calorific value. Based on the engine performance test by EBEYO
fuel samples, the torque and brake power output were both 29.2% lower and the brake
specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was 9.71% lower than with baseline diesel because of
the lower heating value. Exhaust temperatures for EB and EBEYO’s are significantly
lower than baseline diesel fuel resulting in less carbon release, low sulphur content, which
contribute to less harmful emissions. Besides that, the fuel consumption of EBEYO fuel
samples is better than diesel fuel resulting in reduction of brake specific fuel consumption
(9.71 %) and increment in the brake thermal efficiency (10.11%) as the speed of the
engine increase. Overall, this study demonstrates that EBEYO 3 (RPO85EYO15)
application in CI engine is the most efficient fuel to be used and has been identified as a
viable new source of biofuel for the future fuel replacement.