Carbothermal reduction of rutile
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Date
2016-06
Authors
Aini Nazihah Jimat
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Abstract
Carbothermal reduction is a process of reducing a compound of substance by using carbon as the reducing agent. Rutile is the selected sample in this research which is the composition of titanium is around 60-70% compared to synthetic rutile that have above 90% composition of titanium. The composition of iron also different which is rutile have more than iron compared to synthetic rutile. Carbothermal reduction and nitridation was done in a horizontal electric tube furnace at 1250 in H2-N2 gas atmosphere and 3 hours for soaking time. Three sample are prepared by different ratios of polystyrene (PS) and Mukah coal was used as the reductant and carbon to oxygen reducible in the rutile was set at molat ratio 4.5:1. The extent of reduction (XO) and the extent of nitridation (XN) of sample PS95C05 was the highest that is 25.82% and 8.72% respectively. The aeration leaching of nitride rutile was carried out in 0.37 M NH4Cl solution for metallic iron removal. Other parameters was used such as the amount of catalyst (formaldehyde), leaching time and the PS/C ratio of the sample. 11 runs was done by DOE software. The highest catalyst used is 1.0 wt% while the lowest is 0.1 wt%. PS/C ratio did not affect Fe extracted (ppm) from perturbation analysis via DOE software. In this research, TiN is not strongly detected by XRD analysis because the percentage of nitrogen in the carbothermal reduction is low (<5.00%) was done by CHNS analysis. From that, the carbon in the sample was not completely converted to carbon monoxide gas. From the percentage of Fe extracted calculation, the highest value was presented by sample PS85C15 that is 45.94%. However , samples will be forwarded to the test leaching by sulfuric acid solution for comparison between the two methods.