The Mixture Of Bio-Oil And Biochar Produced From Slow Pyrolysis Of Oil Palm Wastes For Briquettes Production And Combustion As Solid Fuels
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Date
2018-04
Authors
Safana, Aminu Aliyu
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Malaysia generates an enormous amount of agricultural wastes, especially from the oil palm wastes industries. These wastes will continue to bring about the agricultural wastes disposal problem in Malaysia until necessary measures are taken to upgrade their applications. The primary aim of this study is to upgrade the application of these wastes for briquettes formation as a source of heat. In this study, the effect of torrefaction to upgrade higher heating value (HHV) of empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) was investigated. The production of durable and qualitative biomass and charcoal briquettes from raw samples and torrefied products (biomass briquettes), and biochar and bio-oil (charcoal briquettes) obtained from pyrolysis were investigated. In addition, the combustion properties and heat released during the combustion of charcoal briquettes and Malaysian sub-bituminous coal were investigated and compared. The temperatures, heating rates and reaction time were varied to be 200, 250 and 300 oC, 5, 10 and 20 oCmin-1, and 15, 30 and 45 min for torrefaction, and 300-700 oC, 5, 10 and 20 oCmin-1, and 30, 60 and 120 min for pyrolysis, respectively. The viscosity of the bio-oil was improved by the addition of starch and used as a binder for the charcoal briquettes. The results revealed that torrefaction had upgraded the HHV of EFB, MF and PKS to a maximum value of 20.96, 22.76 and 22.81 MJkg-1 at torrefaction temperature of 300 oC from an initial value of 16.90, 19.06 and 19.50 MJkg-1, respectively. It was discovered that the effect of temperature on torrefaction and pyrolysis is greater than that of heating rate and reaction time. For all the samples pyrolyzed, the maximum biochar yield, bio-oil yield, and gas yield were obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of 300 oC, 500 oC, and 700 oC, respectively.
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Keywords
The mixture of bio-oil and biochar , from the oil palm wastes industries