Development of bismuth nanoparticles for lead and cadmium sensors application
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Date
2017-06
Authors
The, Jin Jian
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Abstract
In this study, bismuth nanoparticles (BiNPs) were synthesized using the
hydrothermal method and deposited on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrodes to modify
the electrodes. Several synthesis parameters were studied: the effect of hydrothermal
reaction period, the effect of volume of hydrazine hydrate and the effect of reaction
temperature. The properties of BiNPs were then characterized using X-ray
Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission
Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis proved that pure bismuth with
Rhombohedral structure of R-3m space group (ICDD Reference Code: 98-002-1658)
was obtained for all samples. The synthesized BiNPs powders were in the size range of
73.0 nm to 150.0 nm with varying hydrothermal synthesis parameters. The synthesized
BiNPs were then drop-casted on ITO electrodes, air dried and subjected to cyclic
voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV)
analyses. The BiNPs/ITO modified electrodes showed good performance in terms of
detecting heavy metals with limit of detection of 2.5 μg/L for Pb(II). Besides, with 0.1
wt.% of Nafion solution, the BiNPs/ITO electrode was successfully applied for
simultaneous detection of Pb(II) and Cd(II) for the interference studies. Finally, the
BiNPs/ITO electrode was successfully applied to the practical use for the determination
of Pb(II) in seawater sample. The results showed that BiNPs modified electrodes can be
used for heavy metals sensors.