Evaluation of andrographis paniculata, eurycoma longifolia and phyllagathis rotundifolia for antimalarial activity against chloroqulne and mefloquine resistant malarial parasites
Loading...
Date
2010
Authors
Che Husin, Che Nasriyyah
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant malaria parasite is one of the major health problems in
the world and the search for new treatment is increasingly becoming a priority. Plants
remained an important natural source of health remedy for mankind. However, scientific
evidence is crucial to support claims of health benefits. The objectives of this study
firstly to determine the antimalarial activity of Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata)
against chloroquine (CQ) and mefloquine (MQ) resistant Plasmodium falciparum (P.
falciparum) strain and their efficacy in combination with CQ or MQ. Secondly to study
the efficacy of A. paniculata and E. longifolia in combination with CQ against CQ
resistant Plasmodium berghei (P. berghez). Lastly to determine the effect of water and
ethanol extract of Phyllagathis rotundifolia (P. rotundifolia) on P. berghei (CQ and MQ
resistant strain). P. falciparum Dd2 strain was cultured and in vitro assays were done
with various concentrations of CQ and MQ individually and in combination with various
concentrations of A. paniculata. Parasites were labeled with 3H-hypoxanthine and
incorpomtion of radio labeled isotope was determined. The 50% inhibitory concentration
(IC50) values of CQ, MQ, A. paniculata and various combination of CQ-A. paniculata
and MQ-A. paniculata were detennined by probit analysis and isobologram. Results
indicated that there were synergistic effect towards CQ and MQ. In the in vivo studies,
groups of Swiss Albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with CQ (NK65) or MQ
resistants (NI100) of Plasmodium berghei infected erythrocytes and were treated either
with CQ, A. paniculata or E. longifolia, various combinations of CQIA. paniculata and
CQIE. longifolia or With P. rotundifolia water or ethanol extracts. A CQ dose of 10
mg/kg/day was selected for the combination study. A. paniculata and E. longifolia
showed positive antimalarial activities against CQ resistant P. berghei (NK65). A.
paniculata alone appeared to be more effective compared to E. longifolia. Combination
of E. longifolia with CQ prolonged the survival rate of the mice. Similar effect was not
seen when A. paniculata was combined with CQ. Treatment with high dose of P.
rotundifolia prolonged the survival rate of infected mice and the ethanol extract of P.
rotundifolia proved to be more potent compared to the water extract against NK65 and
NI100. In conclusions, a combination of CQ and MQ with A. paniculata revealed
synergistic effect in vitro. Both A. paniculata and E. longifolia have the tendency to
reduce the resistance of P. berghei to CQ. Combination of E. longifolia extract with CQ
was superior compared to the combination of A. paniculata with CQ. Both ethanol and
water based extract of P. rotundifolia showed antimalarial activity against CQIMQ
resistant P. berghei. Interaction studies between CQ and MQ with the active compound
of the herbs are highly recommended