Study of hydrogen bondings in phenol-amine adducts
| dc.contributor.author | Rosli, Mohd Mustaqim | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2016-11-08T01:44:30Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2016-11-08T01:44:30Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2008-05 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Five samples have been prepared to study the phase transition caused by hydrogen bonds III phenol-amine adducts. Those samples are (1) 2- Methylquinolinium 2,4-dinitrobenzoate, (II) the 1: 1 adduct of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and quinoline, (III) Hexamethylenetetraminium 2,4-dinitrobenzoate monohydrate, (IV) 4-Aza-l-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane 2,4-dinitrobenzoate and (V) Hexamethylenetetraminium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate hemihydrate. Single crystal X-ray crystallography method has been used to determine whether there are any changes in lattice parameters at room temperature and lOOK. A number of hydrogen bonds were observed in all the samples. However only sample (V) showed a phase transition phenomena in which different lattice parameter values were observed at room temperature and lOOK (doubling the c-axis value). For sample (V), temperature dependence studies were done to find the critical temperature Te. From the result, we know that this is a first order phase transition where the changes of the unit cell parameters occur discontinuously at the transition temperature Te = 129K. This first order case is also explained macroscopically using Landau phenomenological theory. An alternative method of calculating the thermodynamic properties of a system with the second-order phase transition caused by interaction of hydrogen bonds and phonon of the crystal was also done in this study. This was carried out by separating out the pseudo-spin variables completely and using only pseudo-spin variables when calculating the free energy. The results agree with the previous published results. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/3015 | |
| dc.subject | The phase transition caused by hydrogen bonds | en_US |
| dc.subject | III phenol-amine adducts. | en_US |
| dc.title | Study of hydrogen bondings in phenol-amine adducts | en_US |
| dc.type | Thesis | en_US |
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