Design and implementation of motion sensitive UHF RFID system

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Date
2011
Authors
Abdul Hamid, Shabinar
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Abstract
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. RFID system components comprise of RFID tag and RFID reader. The RFID tag stores a unique identification of the object that is attached to it. However, it does not provide information about the conditions of the object that it detects. Sensor node in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), on the other hand, provides information about the condition of the object and its environment. Therefore, with the integration of RFID and WSN technology, their disadvantages can be overcome and their advantages can be put into some important applications. The anti-theft system is one of such application that can benefit from the integration of technologies. The work presented in this thesis contributes to the research of the motion sensitive 433 MHz active RFID system in several ways such as (a) the development of novel interrupt-based motion sensitive RFID tag that send data in real-time; (b) the design and development oflow power RFID tag; and c) the performance evaluation of RFID system in various aspects including maximum read range measurement in indoor and outdoor environments, motion detection accuracy, multi-tag communication efficiency and the estimation for power consumption of the tag. This project is divided into two parts. The first part is the hardware design and development of an active RFID system component; RFID reader and RFID tag. The processes involved in designing the hardware include selection of components, circuits design, PCBs layout, PCBs fabrication and components assembly. The RFID tag and RFID reader prototype are successfully fabricated with the size of 55 mm x 45 nun x 27 mm and 95 mm x 97 mm x 24 mm, respectively. The second part is the software design and development for RFID tag and RFID reader. The reader operation adopts Basic Framed Slotted Aloha algorithm for multi-tag identification. The RFID system employs multi-protocol such as Reader-Talks-First (RTF) and Tag-Talks-First (TTF) for effective communication. The proposed prototype of the active RFID system has gone through real-world environment testing. It is observed that the lifespan of tag battery is inversely proportional to the current and time consumption. Consequently, the low sleep-mode current prolong RFID tag battery lifetime. It is found that the prototype RFID system can detect motion in 100% accuracy rate, achieved maximum read range of 56 meters indoor and 94 meters outdoor, in typical application and 84.67% efficiency in multi-tag communications. As for future scope, few suggestion has been identified such as a) to expand the research on the metal effect on range of communication; b) to reduce the size of prototype devices by using microcontroller that has built-in real-time clock; c) to extend the flexibility of the RFID tag operation by implementing dual antenna to the RFID tag that can be operated at 433 MHz and 915 MHz band; and d) to improve the efficiency of RFID system by developing anti-collision algorithm for high capacity tags and multi-reader communication.
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