Publication: The association between diet quality and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus patient in Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM)
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Date
2025-07
Authors
Shahrom, Hasanah
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Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly concerning health issue in Malaysia, where poor diet quality contributes to uncontrolled glycaemic levels and elevates the risk of complications. This study aimed to assess diet quality and glycaemic control among patients with T2DM and to determine the association between these two variables. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 91 T2DM outpatients at Hospital Pakar Universiti Sains Malaysia (HPUSM). The majority of respondents were male (51.6%), aged ≥60 years (67.0%), Malay (96.7%), married (85.7%), and had a family history of T2DM (67%). Most had diabetes for ≥5 years (89%), were on oral glucose-lowering drugs (OGLDs) (84.6%). Diet quality was assessed using the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (M-HEI), while glycaemic control was based on HbA1c levels recorded within the past 3 to 6 months. Most respondents (79.1%) had moderate diet quality (M-HEI score 51–80%), while 20.9% had poor diet quality (<51%), and none achieved high scores (>80%). Regarding glycaemic control, only 19.8% had controlled HbA1c (≤7.0%), whereas the remaining 80.2% had uncontrolled levels (>7.0%). Pearson’s correlation test revealed no significant correlation between diet quality and glycaemic control (p= 0.586, r= -0.058). In conclusion, this highlights the need for a more comprehensive diabetes management approach that includes not only dietary aspects but also medication adherence, physical activity, and psychosocial support
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