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Browsing Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Tesis by Author "Azme, Nurul Nadiah Mohd"

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    Utilization of pressmud ash as an adsorbent for stabilized landfill leachate treatment
    (2020-08-01)
    Azme, Nurul Nadiah Mohd
    The main issue of landfilling in developing countries is the management of leachate. Leachate is a harmful by-product generated from the landfill site. Leachate contains a high concentration of pollutant which can cause serious environmental pollution. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), color, suspended solid and turbidity are among the problematic parameters that are difficult to be removed completely. The characteristics of leachate in Pulau Burung Sanitary Landfill (PBSL) were monitored and analyzed according to the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 23rd edition (2017) based on the objective set. Composition in leachate at PBSL was monitored for a period of 6 months, starting from January 2017 until June 2017. PBSL leachate was categorized as a stabilized landfill leachate by referring to the BOD5/COD ratio < 0.06 and pH 8.34. The development of holistic solutions to leachate-related problems have been widely promoted. Sugar industry waste (press mud) has promising features as an adsorbent for the removal of various contaminant, which is also an economical and environmental friendly material. Press mud ash at 400˚C enhanced the capability of adsorption when both samples (raw and ash) were analysed using FESEM, FTIR (hydroxyl, aldehyde, carbonyl and silica), XRF (CaO compound) and XRD (silica oxide (SiO2) were found in both samples but had less graphite in ash press mud), BET test (surface area (0.98 m2/g) and pore diameter (164.9 nm) for ash higher than raw surface area (0.72 m2/g) and pore diameter (160.8 nm), and CHNS method (Carbon (11%) in ash higher than Carbon (0.09%) in raw press mud). Optimized by a central composite design (CCD), response surface methodology (RSM) and batch mode experiments, the optimum values are at pH6, 12g of dosage, 105min of contact time and 100rpm for shaking speed. According to the experimental results, the potential removal by press mud ash were 73.94% (COD), 71.64% (color), 68.27% (suspended solid) and 64.37% (turbidity). Isotherm study signified that the adsorption of all contaminants onto press mud ash fits with the Langmuir model are chemisorption mechanism (R2 best fit for isotherm study (Langmuir model) COD (0.99), color (0.92), solid (0.90) and turbidity (0.98). In addition to that, press mud is an agricultural waste that can be reused and has a benefit of it being a non-hazardous waste/no chemical, and this is based on a previous study done that uses press mud as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals.