Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam - Tesis

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Kajian Kestabilan Cerun Menggunakan Kaedah Berkebarangkalian Di Lombong Tembaga Mamut, Ranau, Sabah
(2003-02)
Mohd Yusof, Mior Termizi
Suatu kajian kestabilan cerun telah dijalankan di cerun-cerun sebuah lombong dedah iaitu Lombong Tembaga Mamut yang terletak di Ranau, Sabah. Geologi dan permineralan dalam batuan telah dikaitkan dengan kestabilan cerun lombong. Mod kegagalan telah dikenalpasti serta kajian kestabilan yang lalu telah dilihat semula. Dua jenis kegagalan iaitu yang dikawaloleh struktur geologi dan yang tidak dikawaloleh struktur geologi telah dikenalpasti. Beberapa analisa kestabilan cerun berketentuan telah dirujuk semula tetapi kaedah berkebarangkalian digunakan untuk menganalisa cerun-cerun di Lombong Tembaga Mamut.
Kajian Penghasilan Dan Komposisi Enap Cemar Dari Loji-Loji Olahan Air Di Negeri Perak Dan Kesesuaian Sebagai Bahan Binaan
(2003-05)
Shuib, Nor Lila
The objectives of the study are to estimate the quantity of sludge produced, to identify the characteristics of raw water and sludge, and to identify the composition of elements in the sludge with the possibility of using it as a useful material in the future. In order to meet these objectives, several tests were conducted on raw water samples and sludges. These include test on pH, turbidity, total suspended solids, moisture content, specific gravity and composition of elements in the sludge.
Effects Of Opening On The Behaviour Of Axially Loaded Firedclay Single Leaf Wall
(2006-05)
Bashar S. Mohammed
The area around openings in the form of doors, windows, and for mechanical and electrical services in axially loaded structural masonry panels are subjected to high stress concentration. There is a possibility of tension developing around these openings near the corners. Furthermore, the presence of these openings could affect the ultimate strength of the masonry panel.
Performance evaluation of steel slag as natural aggregates replacement in asphaltic concrete
(2008-11-01)
Teoh, Cherh Yi
Steel slag is one of the industry wastes engineered into road construction material. This study was carried out to evaluate the performance of steel slag aggregates as road construction material and its performance compared to granite aggregates. The steel slag aggregates were tested for its physical and mechanical properties. Two dense mix designs incorporating penetration grade 80/100 bitumen and one porous mix design incorporating penetration grade 60/70 bitumen were used to produce the specimens for testing. The dense mix specimens are referred to as 100% Steel Slag Dense Asphalt (SSDA) and 50% Steel Slag 50% Granite Dense Asphalt (SSGDA) while the porous mix specimens are referred to as Steel Slag Porous Asphalt (SSPA). During the first phase of the study, SSDA and SSGDA were tested for performance evaluation through resilient modulus, dynamic creep, Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength. Apart from the tests stated (except for indirect tensile strength), SSPA were also tested for abrasion loss and water permeability. In the second phase of the study, the same tests as those carried out in the first phase were carried out on aged specimens. Resistant against permanent deformation and low temperature cracking improved after aging for both dense mixes and porousmixes. Test results revealed that steel slag inhibits great potential as road construction material.
Properties Of Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash Under Aggressive Environments Subjected To Wetting And Drying
(2012-01)
Putrajaya, Ramadhan Syah
Rice husk which is agro waste from a rice mill was burned at 700 oe for 6 hours in a gas furnace. The rice husk ash (RHA) was grounded using a laboratory ball mill with porcelain balls. The optimum RHA grinding time was determined. Eight different fineness grades of RHA were examined and it was found that the specific gravity and the fineness of the rice husk ash increase with an increase in grinding time. Even though. the morphology of the RHA changed with grinding. There appears to be an optimum grinding time of approximately 90 min (to 9.52 urn particle size), during which time the compressive strength and strength activity index increases significantly. The use of rice husk ash grounded for 90 min produced concrete with good strength and low porosity. On the other hand, the effect of ground RHA blended cement subjected to 5% sodium chloride solution (NaCI), 5% sodium sulfate solution (Na,S04), and seawater through cyclic wetting and drying was also investigated. Four RHA replacement levels were considered in the study: 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by weight of cement. The durability performance of the RHA blended cement exposed to aggressive environment was evaluated through compressive strength, Rapid Chloride Penetrability Test CRCPT), and Rapid Migration Test CRMT). In addition, microstructural changes that occur in specimens due to aggressive environmental effects were identified through thermal analysis, XRD techniques, and SEM. Test results showed that RHA can be satisfactorily used as a cement replacement material in order to increases the durability of concrete.
Soil Pile Set-Up Of Driven Pile In Clay
(2013-02)
Ng, Wen Kuan
Soil/ pile set-up is a phenomenon of pile capacity increase in a driven pile as time passes which is often ignored. Incorporation of set-up effect in routine designing of piles could result in saving due to smaller required section or lesser driving energy. This research was carried out to study if small cylindrical metal piles with diameters ranging from 12.0 mm to 75.5 mm that were driven in the field and cylindrical metal rods with diameters ranging from 9.4 mm to 25.6 mm that were tested in laboratory, were capable of measuring set-up parameters of actual working piles and determining factors that affect set-up in clays. The field tests have involved depths ranging from 1.0 m to 9.8 m and periodical data readings of up to 350 days while the laboratory tests have had 450 mm of horizontal penetrations and data collection for up to 28 days. In addition, the field tests have also included square reinforced concrete piles, 300 mm to 400 nun in thicknesses, and driven to a depth of9 m. Two sites have been used for the tests namely within the campuses of Universiti Sains Malaysia in Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang and Universiti Teknologi Mara in Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang.
Influence Of Palm Oil Fuel Ash As Supplementary Binder On Properties Of Polymer Modified Concrete
(2014-03)
Zakaria, Nurhana
Malaysia being the second largest world's palm oil producer has led to the mounting up of the waste produced from this industry and has caused environmental problem. Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is an agricultural waste from palm oil mill that has been proven to have pozzolanic properties which can enhance the properties of concrete when used as supplementary cementitious material in concrete. POFA used in this research was processed by means of sieving, grinding and subjecting it to heat treatment of 500±50°C for l hour before undergoing the second grinding stage. The raw and processed POFA were characterized to confirm its pozzolanic characteristics. Previous researchers have recommended the use of POFA in concrete especially for strength enhancement. The use of SBR as polymer modifier in concrete has been introduced since long time ago. Although the addition of polymer modifier in concrete improved its durability properties, however, it did not enhance the compressive strength of the concrete significantly. The main objective of this research is to observe the effect of using POFA as partial cement replacement on the engineering and transport properties of Polymer Modified Concrete (PMC).
Leakage Impact On Non Revenue Water (Nrw) In Sungai Petani (Kedah Tengah District), Kedah Darul Aman
(2014-03)
Mohamad Saad, Mohd Zaidi
Leakage is well known as the main reason of high physical loss in non-revenue water (NRW) and is divided into major and minor leakages. A leakage study was done in 10 District Meter Zones (DMZs) in Sungai Petani, Kedah. NRW data had been collected in cooperation with Syarikat Air Darul Aman (SADA). Data taken from year 2008 until2012 were used to investigate the major and minor leakages by doing visual inspection at site and analysis of the results were done. The baseline inflow and baseline average water consumption in cubic meter per day were collected from the Primayer 'data logger' and SADA billing systems to determine the real water losses. Statistical analysis were used to study the relationship between number of leakage with NRW cost saving, number of connection and length of pipe by using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS).
Land Use Land Cover Change Analysis Using Multi Spatial Data For Sungai Raya Catchment
(2014-05)
Sopian, Mohd Idzadin Mohd
Water resources are one of the critical importance’s in human life. The rapid development, population growth, migration and urbanization cause water crisis, in quantity and quality. Sungai Raya catchment is catchment in Perak state. Catchment area is located at the edge of the Ipoh city and part of it is included in the Ipoh Plan 2020. In controlling the suburbanisation process while securing water resource, officials of legislators, planners, state and local governmental required Land Use Land Cover (LULC) information in determining the suitable policy. The temporal Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change analysis for Sungai Raya watershed evaluation is conducted from 1990 to 2010, by integrating Digital Elevation Model (DEM), satellite dataset and Geographic Information System (GIS). Study conducted utilizing post-classification comparison and GIS approach, with network detection, pixel base classification and object base classification technique.
Penyingkiran Besi Dan Nutrien Daripada Larut Resap Menggunakan Karbon Teraktif Dan Amfoterik Surfaktan-Diubahsuai Zeolite
(2014-06)
Abdullah, Rohana
Larut resap tapak pelupusan terkenal sebagai air sisa yang kompleks di mana komposisi dan kepekatan bahan pencemar kebanyakannya dipengaruhi oleh jenis sisa dideposit dan usia tapak pelupusan. Rawatan larut resap menggunakan karbon teraktif berbutir (GAC) dalam menyingkirkan besi dan amfoterik surfaktandiubahsuai zeolit (SMZ) bagi pengambilan NH3-N dan nutrien lain (N, P, & K) telah dikaji. Kecekapan penjerapan telah ditentukan oleh satu siri eksperimen penjerapan kumpulan menggunakan peralatan ujian balang. GAC yang di pra-rawat dengan 1.5N NaOH digunakan kerana ia menunjukkan prestasi penjerapan besi yang lebih baik. Selain itu, zeolite yang menjalani pengubahsuaian permukaan dengan 0.03M amfoterik Miranol C2M telah dipilih untuk kajian lanjut. Keputusan kajian kumpulan menunjukkan GAC dapat menyingkirkan 90.29% besi berbanding 50.25% menggunakan KOH sebagai pemendak kimia. Sementara itu, amfoterik SMZ telah dioptimumkan menggunakan RSM dan berkesan menjerap warna, NH3-N dan nutrien lain (N, P, & K) berbanding dengan zeolit asli. Kebolehgunaan amfoterik SMZ sebagai produk baja lambat bebas diperhatikan.
Effect of the slenderness ratio on masonry wall under axial compressive cyclic loading
(2014-07-01)
Wan Ibrahim, Wan Rohanina
Slenderness ratio is one of the factors affecting the capasity of masonry wall to resist compressive loading. Masonry wall structure is able to withstand compression load but having the large live to dead load ratio would impair the structure capability to withstand cycles of repeated loading and unloading condition. When the masonry structure is exposed to this combined factor, it is desirable to investigate the effect of the slenderness ratio on masonry wall subjected to cyclic compressive loading. In this study, twelve specimens of single leaf wall had been tested under monotonic and cyclic compressive loading with different height representing three different slenderness ratios. From this study the strees-strain curve of the monotonic and cyclic load test was obtained and the relationship between the compressive strenght and slenderness ratio of the masonry wall had been evaluated. It was observed that the masonry wall subjected to the cyclic compressive load behave as expected whereas the strength of the wall was decreased as the slenderness ratio increased and the cyclic loading pattern did not show significant effect. Meanwhile the stress-strain curves of cyclic test generally showed good agreement with the curves of the monotonically loaded specimens. This study also investigates the masonry wall strength subjected to compressive loading in relation to slenderness ratio effect using numerical modelling analysis, it was concluded that the analysis perfomed satisfactorily with poor accuracy and the vertically loaded wall under cyclic load test exhibited face-shell spalling and vertical cracking through the web and face shell and for the increasing the wall slenderness ratio, the wall chipping break about the middle of the wall due to buckling.
Flood Modelling For Small Urban Catchment Of Sungai Raja, Alor Setar, Kedah
(2014-08)
Ghani, Nor Zaimah Che
Malaysia is among countries that faces potential flooding problems due to rapid development, improper river management and climate change. Flood modelling was carried out within the sungai raja catchment in alor setar city. The study area is prone to flood due to its flat and low elevation. Gep was used for statistical analysis and hourly rainfall analysis shows that design rainfall from msma 2 is reliable to be used in simulation. Hydro logic and hydraulic models were used in this study with the assistance of arcview gis. Arcview gis was used to develop geometric data files require by hec-ras and preparation of basin model required by hec-hms. Hydro logic modelling was used to produce the flow hydrograph from rainfall events, as an input in hydraulic modelling. Two calibrations to represent wet and after rain condition were carried out. In order to predict the impact of land use changes to flood behaviour for sungai raja system, a scenario was created for the model simulation which is 80% of a sub-basin is fully developed and 20 % is vegetated land use.
Empirical Modeling Of Shear Wave Velocity And Its Effects On Non-Seismically Designed Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang
(2014-09)
Tan, Chee Ghuan
In seismic engineering, shear wave velocity (vs) is one of the most important parameter for seismic microzonation and structural evaluation on the buildings with consideration of soil-structure effects (ssi). This study is focuses on the seismic microzonation of local soil and evaluates its effects on non-seismic designed reinforced concrete (rc) building using bs 8110. Multichannel analysis of surface waves (masw) surveys are carried out at fifty locations in penang in the determination of seismic response of the local soil. Seven empirical correlationsbetween vs and nspt for all soil, sand, silt and clay in unconsolidated and residual deposits were developed. The masw result shows that penang can be categorized into three site classes namely class b (very dense soil), class c (stiff soil) and class d (soft soil) according to eurocode 8. To optimize the benefits of the masw result, the indicative microzonation maps for vs30 distribution, site fundamental period and soil amplification ratio for penang were developed using an integrated geographicalinformation system and image processing software, idrisi selva.
Effectiveness Of Detention Ponds For Flood Mitigation Project : A Case Study For Sungai Pechong, Tanah Merah, Kelantan
(2014-09)
Sarento Pangilan, Rayhana
Flood occurrences are becoming widespread all over the world as the level of urbanization has increased tremendously especially in the recent years. This problem is further aggravated by inappropriate urban drainage systems built in developing areas. The government of malaysia has taken proactive steps to address these flooding issues as the country is envisioned to be a fully developed nation in 2020 by implementing the urban stormwater management manual for malaysia (msma). One of the significant best management practices (bmps) identified in the msma was the construction of detention ponds for flood mitigation. Implementation of this structure has proven functional in alleviation of flood problems especially in areas downstream.
Performance Of Fire-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Columns Retrofitted With Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
(2014-12)
Moghtadernejad, Nima
In this experimental study, a total of twenty-one rectangular RC columns have been prepared and tested under axial compression test in three groups: un-heated, heated, heated-and-repaired with FRP. The objectives of the study were firstly to study the effect of fire temperature at 500°C and 600°C on the compressive strength and secant axial stiffness; and secondly to study the effect of repairing with GFRP and CFRP including the number of layers on improvement in compressive strength and axial stiffness, of RC columns. The RC columns were exposed to fire with the method of steady-state test under temperatures of 500°C and 600°C. The heated RC columns were repaired with unidirectional CFRP and GFRP jackets in one and two layers for the purpose of investigating the improvement in the compressive strength and the secant axial stiffness of the rectangular RC columns. The experimental results show that the residual compressive strength of RC columns were 43.1 % and 34% of the compressive strength of un-heated RC columns after being exposed to temperatures of 500°C and 600°C, respectively.
Phytoremediation By Aromatic Plants To Remove Heavy Metals From Contaminated Soil : Case Study Of Taiping Landfill
(2014-12)
Mashhoor Rood, Maryam
Heavy metal pollution is a widespread occurrence that causes serious environmental problems. This issue has to be addressed to ensure a safe and clean environment. The use of plant species to remove contaminants from soils is generally described as phytoremediation. Phytoremediation is an environment-friendly and emerging technology that purges contaminated soil and water to a large extent. According to current research, instead of growing edible crops, growing certain aromatic species is feasible. The final product is free from heavy metals so that such aromatic crops are considered to be an excellent choice for phytoremediation. This study evaluates the potential application of thymus vulgaris, sweet basil. Origanum majorana, and portulaca oleracea in the phytoremediation of as, co. Cr, cu, li, mn, ni, pb. V. And zn. Seeds were planted in six different growth media pots, including sn1, sn4, sn8, nn1, nn2, and nn4, their levels in a completely randomized block design with three replications.
Prediction Of Basic Wind Speed For Oman
(2017-07)
Salim Almaawali, Said Saif
Sultanate of oman is a unique country with its distinct demographic and environmental characteristics typical to this country alone. It is also one of the fastest developing economies, giving rise to a spectacular construction spree seen over the last few years. Oman has no code of practices for wind loading for buildings yet. Hence, many designers adopted foreign codes of practice such as the british standards (bs8110, bs6399) in order to determine the value of basic wind speed for their building design. Such a practice is not appropriate on account of the prevailing differences in climatic and geographic conditions. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop the value of basic wind speed map using collected daily wind speed from 13 meteorological stations all around oman. The characteristics of wind speed data have been determined using statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtoses using spss software. Three statistical methods namely gumbel, gringorten and cunnane methods were used for two different distributions (gumbel and generalized pareto distributions) using three different data types (all data, peaks over threshold method (pot), and method of independent storms (mis).
Fuzzy logic-ordered weighted average model for effective municipal solid waste landfill site selection using comprehensive spatial environmental, physical and socio-economic criteria
(2018-01-01)
Ahmad, Siti Zubaidah
In Malaysia, the landfill method of municipal solid waste disposal is still the most popular due to its economic, easiness and technological ability. However, the process of opening new landfill requires tedious planning decision with regard to identifying the suitable sites. Even though the current landfill site selection (LSS) procedures in the National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (NSPSWM) guidelines had specify the mitigation measures to be followed, the restrictions on the appropriateness of suitable sites for new landfill had not been deliberated comprehensively. The guidelines have not distinctly characterized the constraints or criteria for the site suitability problem as prescribed by the local Enviromental Impact assessment (EIA) guidelines.
Adsorption studies of heavy metals on activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste
(2018-03)
Muhamad Faizal bin Pakir Mohamed Latiff
Commercially available activated carbon (AC) is still considered expensive due to the use of non-renewable and relatively expensive starting material such as bituminous coal. Therefore, this study investigates the potential use of agricultural waste such as rubber seed coat (RSC) and corncob (CC) that available in Malaysia, as the precursor for the preparation of AC which can be applied for the removal of two types of heavy metal, which are Cu (II) and Zn (II) from aqueous solution. Physiochemical activation consisting of potassium hydroxide (KOH) impregnation plus carbon dioxide (CO2) gasification was used to prepare the ACs. The optimum preparation conditions of RSCAC-CU were found at activation temperature of 793 °C, activation time of 1h and KOH impregnation ratio (IR) of 2.46. As for RSCAC-ZN, the optimum preparation conditions were at activation temperature of 797 °C, activation time of 1h and IR of 2.61. Meanwhile, the optimum preparation conditions of CCAC-CU were found at activation temperature of 762 °C, activation time of 2.7h and IR of 3.25. For CCAC-ZN, the optimum reparation conditions were at activation temperature of 768 °C, activation time of 3h and IR of 3.5. All the activated carbons prepared were high BET surface area (>500 m2/g) and pore volume (>0.41 m3/g). RSCAC and CCAC demonstrated homogeneous and heterogeneous type pore structures, respectively. The effects of adsorbate initial concentration (10-100 mg/L), contact time, solution temperature (30-60 °C), solution pH (2-6), isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption systems were evaluated through batch adsorption test. The Cu (II) and Zn (II) adsorption uptakes increased with increasing initial concentration and optimum contact time. Adsorptions of Cu (II) and Zn (II) on all ACs were best fitted by the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) and Zn (II) followed pseudo-second-order on all the ACs. Fixed bed study showed that the exhaustion period for Zn (II) was greater than Cu (II) and the increase in bed heights resulted in higher exhaustion period.
Development of waste quantification models for Malaysian housing construction project case study for brick and tile wastes
(2018-07-01)
Hassan, Siti Hafizan
One of the main contributors to the waste generated in the Malaysian construction industry is housing projects. The construction waste has increased over years, creating environmental problems and profit loss to contractors. Limited data are available to date in Malaysia, especially in terms of sources, types and quantity. Predicting of the waste management via specific model has not been well established. The aim of this study are to explore the causes and contributory factors that cause waste generation in selected housing project followed by development of appropriate waste quantification models for the brick and tile waste, being the most waste materials normally disposed at housing project. Then, waste minimization framework is proposed which may be useable for similar project elsewhere. Site observation and interviews with labours and site management was conducted in determining the waste sources, waste management practices and labours productivity such as age, experience and nationality. The linear regression model was used for the model development. Construction waste in form of concrete, wood, steel, brick, tile, roof trusses, and roof tiles, were investigated individually by weighing and volume measurement methods. The research revealed that wastes generated in Malaysian construction are mainly caused by labours and management problems. The study found that each material has its own contributory factor. The productivity of the labours also related to the age, experience and nationality. The increased of productivity reduced the waste generated in the construction at Site Taman Ilmu, Seri Akasia and Seri Putera. Two prediction models have been developed BW=-2.359+1.605A dan MW=3.361+0.544A (BW= Brick Waste, MW= Tile Waste, A= Area). From the results the accuracy for of the model in predicting the amount of brick waste generated at Site Taman Ilmu is 77.3%, followed by Site Seri Akasia 74.6% and Site Seri Putera 61.6%. For the tile waste, the independent variables explain 91.3% for Site Taman Ilmu, 84.7% for Site Seri Akasia and 72% for Site Seri Putera. Based on performance of the models, the linear regression is found more suitable for the tile waste prediction. For the early estimation, the generated model can predict the amount of brick and tile waste based on the work area from the construction drawing. This will help the site management to take proper action to minimise the amount of brick and tile waste generated.

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