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    Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters
    (0008-12)
    Ganesan, Shangeetha
    Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters. Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids.
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    The mechanism of peri-implantation Sexual intercourse and oxidative stress on placenta histopathological changes
    (0025-12)
    Ibrahim, Abubakar
    The peri-implantation phase is a pivotal period in pregnancy establishment, characterized by intricate synchronization between maternal and embryonic factors that facilitate optimal implantation and placental development. Disruptions during this critical phase can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and placenta previa. Although peri-implantation sexual intercourse (PISI) is traditionally believed to support conception, its potential impact on placental health and pregnancy outcomes remains underexplored. This study investigated the effects of peri-implantation sexual abstinence on placental histomorphology, oxidative stress markers, placental positioning, and maternal-fetal outcomes. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 33 participants divided into abstinence (n=9) and non-abstinence (n=24) groups. Placental samples were analyzed for histopathological changes, including inflammation, fibrin deposits, and chorion/amnion integrity, using H&E staining and CD31 immunohistochemistry to assess angiogenesis. Oxidative stress markers, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were quantified via ELISA. Placental positions were assessed through ultrasonography, and maternal-fetal outcomes, including preeclampsia, placenta previa, FGR, preterm birth, Apgar scores, NICU admissions, and neonatal anomalies, were documented. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism version 8.4.3. The results demonstrated significant histomorphological improvements in the abstinence group, including lower inflammation rates (33.3% vs. 70.8%, p=0.167), absence of MPFD (0% vs. 33.3%, p=0.0731), and intact chorion and amnion integrity (100% vs. 25%, p<0.0001). CD31 staining revealed significantly higher vascular density in the abstinence group (15.3 ± 3.1 vs. 8.9 ± 2.7 vessels/HPF, p=0.0136), indicating enhanced angiogenesis. Additionally, oxidative stress markers reflected reduced oxidative stress in the abstinence group, with lower MDA levels (6.54 ± 2.37 vs. 16.65 ± 4.98 μmol/L, p=0.0006) and higher antioxidant activity (SOD: 52.16 ± 15.29 vs. 24.40 ± 6.30 U/mg protein, p=0.0038; CAT: 106.7 ± 23.24 vs. 57.33 ± 11.63 U/mg protein, p=0.0026; T-AOC: 137.5 ± 60.93 vs. 60.93 ± 22.35 μmol/L, p=0.0034). Placental positioning analysis revealed no cases of low-lying placenta in the abstinence group compared to 20.8% in the non-abstinence group, though this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.137). Maternal outcomes included one case of preterm delivery in each group, with NICU admission reported in the abstinence group, while FGR was observed in one case in the non-abstinence group. No cases of preeclampsia or placenta previa were reported. Fetal outcomes showed no significant differences in Apgar scores or neonatal anomalies between groups. Peri-implantation sexual abstinence was associated with significant improvements in placental health, including reduced oxidative stress, enhanced angiogenesis, and a reduced risk of abnormal placental positioning. These findings highlight the potential protective role of abstinence during the peri-implantation period in optimizing pregnancy outcomes. Further studies with larger cohorts are recommended to validate these results and explore their integration into preconception care strategies.
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    Micro-Crack Detection Of Solar Cells Featuring Adaptive Anisotropic Diffusion Filter And Semi-Supervised Support Vector Learning
    (0201-08)
    Majid, Said Amirul Anwar B Ab Hamid @ Ab
    In this thesis, a machine vision-based application for detecting micro-crack in an electro luminescence (el) image of solar cell is presented. The detection is a very challenging problem due to the complexity of the textural properties and background inhomogeneity of el images. Nevertheless, the micro-crack defect exhibits some unique properties such as high in gradient and low gray-levels. These properties together with the shape feature of the micro-crack are used in developing the detection algorithm. In this work, an image processing algorithm featuring an adaptive anisotropic diffusion filter and a segmentation technique based on twostage thresholding is proposed. The outcomes of this algorithm have demonstrated a highly accurate segmentation results compared to other standard methods. Based on the accuracy measure, the proposed methods achieve the highest f-measure of 0.0821. The local image features such as shape representation of the binary connected components are extracted and used in the machine learning to distinguish between cracked and good solar cells.
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    The effects of sublethal doses of carbaryl on the biology of Dysdercus cingulatus (Fabr.)(Hemiptera; Heteroptera; Pyrrhocoridae
    (1976)
    Chung Gait Fee
    The effects of sublethal doses of carbaryl on the biology of Oysdercus cingulatus (Fabr.) were investigated in the laboratory. The comparative toxicity of carbaryl against various life-stages of Q. cingulatus (Fabr.) as shown by L050 value was found to be first instar < second instar < third instar < fourth instar < adult male < fifth instar< adult female < gravid female, in increasing order.
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    Some Biochemical Aspects Of Tyrosine Aminotransferase (L-Tyrosine: 2-Oxoglutarate Aminotransferase, E.C. 2.6.1.5) (TAT) In The Stages Of Development Of Aedes Aegypti Linnaeus
    (1976-04)
    Chan Guat Lian
    The variation of tyrosine-2-oxoglutarate amino-transferase (EC.2.6.1.5), TAT and soluble protein was charted throughout the postembryonic development and young adult growth of the mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus).•. A close correspondence between the enzyme activity and soluble protein content was observed during the immature stages of development. Peak transaminase activity was encountered in· the middle fourth larval instar followed by a decline in activity prior to pupation. At its maximum activity, the insect enzyme compared well with the adult rat liver enzyme in activity. The larval enzyme appeared to exhibit a diurnal rhythm of activity characterized by a steady increase in activity from 0600 hours to reach maximum activity at 24 hours.
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    Permainan Tradisional Randai Di Lenggeng Negeri Sembilan
    (1978)
    Mohd Nor, Azizah
    Akibat dari beberapa sebab yang tidak diketahui permainan Randai yang pada masa dahulu begitu populor telah hilang begitu sahaja tanpa diketahui oleh jenerasi kini. Oleh sebab itu saya dapati memang kurang sekali catatan-catatan mengenainya. Tambahan pula jarang sekali saya temui orang-orang tua yang betul-betul mengetahui mengenai Randai. Keadaan ini menimbulkan masalah kepada saya bagi mengkaji Randai secara mendalam.
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    Environmental Impact Analysis Application Of Environmental Systems Models In The Georgetown-Butterworth Chanel Zone
    (1979-08)
    Chan, Huan Chiang
    The matrix is used by checking each action that is likely to be involved significantly in a particular human activity by making a slash diagonally from the top right to the bottom left of the appropriate cells. The upper left hand corner is used to indicate the magnitude of impact by a value from 1-10. Similarly the lower right corner is used to indicate the importance of the impact also ty a value from 1-10.
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    Studies On The Culture Of The Estuary Grouper, Epinephelus Salmoides Maxwell (Pisces, Serranidae), In Floating Net-Cages
    (1979-10)
    Teng, Seng Keh
    In the present investigation, certain aspects of the food and feeding, Ilutritional requirements and stocking densities of the estuary grouper (EpinepheZus saZmoides Maxwell) were studied In floating net-cages. The results obtained were further assimilated to develop culture techniques for optimizing commercial production of the fish.
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    Chemical Isolation, Characterization And Biological Properties Of Some Native Remedies
    (1979-12)
    Tze-Fung, Yvonne Tan
    A preliminary microbiological screening was performed on five local Malaysian herbs which were claimed to possess certain medicinal values. These herbs were the pods of Abelmoxhue eeoulentue, the flowers of Hibieeue rosaeineneie, the plants of Mimosa pudica, the leaves of Parkia javaniaa and the leaves of Pel.tophoxum ptierocarpum, Abelmoxhus eecul.entue was the only herb that exhibited no antibacterial activity at the doses tested while the rest of the four herbs showed promising results in their antibacterial activity by both ditch-plate and hole-plate methods. Results from the bioassay of herbal extracts and antibiotics (Potassium Penicillin V and Streptomycin Sulphate) showed linear relationships in the dose response curves, however, due to lack of parallelism between the standards and extracts used, it indicated that the herbal extracts might possess a different antibacterial mode of action as that of the standard antibiotics.
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    Educational media in secondary schools : an examination of existing facilities and the relationships between selected teachervariables and media utilization
    (1980-02)
    Fatimah Abu Bakar
    This study seeks to empirically establish the status of media setting in schools, the rcIat ionships between media utilisation and certain teacher variables known to influence media utilisation and the barriers to media use perceived by teachers. Setting for media use consisted of media equipment and materials collections, presence of media related facilities and nature of media related services provided. Teacher variables chosen were teachers' professional characteristics.
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    The Ulamas As Political Elites: A Case Study of The Madurese Ulamas
    (1980-04)
    Santoso, Amir
    This thesis examines: the emergence of ularnas as political elites in Maduras the bases of their elite statuss their positions and role in the NU, the challenges that they are confronted with and their responses.
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    "Holff's Philosophical Anarchism - An Analysis"
    (1980-08)
    Tan Kuan Aw
    This thesis begins with an Introduction which briefly describes the two basic theses of Wolff's position. Firstly, Wolff argues that political authority cannot be justified on moral grounds because there lS an irresolvable conflict between political authority and autonomy - man's fundamental moral duty. Secondly, he argues that no political theory can succeed in resolving this problem and in particular classical / democratic theory has failed to do so. Hence Wolff concludes that political authority must be rejected and anarchism is the only conclusion left for a rational man.
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    Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM)
    (1982)
    Ariffin, Kamaruzaman
    Ilham untuk menubuhkan Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ASIM) telah mula wujud pada bulan Ogos tahun 1969. Pergerakan ini telahpun dilancarkan pada bulan Julai 1970 oleh sekumpulan belia islam yang telah menjalani persediaan yang lama dan lengkap sebagai pekerja-pekerja islam di universiti-universiti dan maktab tempatan dan luar negeri. Hanya pada tahun 1971 ianya ditubuhkan secara rasmi dan didaftarkan di bawah undang-undang Malaysia dimana Sdr. Anwar Ibrahim adalah orang yang pertama memimpin ABIM sehinggalah beliau meletak jawatan pada tahun 1982 untuk bertanding dalam pilihanraya sebagai calon Bartisan Nasional.
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    Menyusun Pengesan Sinar Gamma Yang Mempunyai Sambutan Berkadaran
    (1982-12)
    Achmad, Amir
    Ditunjukkan di dalam tesis ini bahawa satu sistem pengesan foton, yang terdiri dari satu pembilang sintilasi biasa, kristal NaI(Tℓ), yang dihadapannya diletakkan beberapa turas dari bahan-bahan yang sesuai, kecekapannya dapat dibuat berubah dengan tenaga foton datang parapaksi, menurut sifat yang ditentukan terlebih dahulu. Perkara ini dapat diperolehi dengan menyusun suatu formulasi di mana dengan formulasi itu memungkinkan kita dapat menyepadankan kecekapan Ei. bagi sistem pembilang untuk foton-foton bertenaga Ei dengan kecekapan yang diinginkan yang ditentukan oleh satu fungsi sambutan R(Ei). Beberapa pembolehubah yang digunakan di dalam pemadanan tersebut ialah sifat alam dan tebal bahan turas berserta dengan sebahagian lamanya masa turas itu berada di dalam bim foton yang sedang kita kaji. Berdasarkan penentuan kuasadua terkecil dapatlah dicari nilai-nilai optimum parameter di atas.
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    The Structure of Accelerated Sulphur Vulcanizates of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber And Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber
    (1984-02)
    Wong, Kwai Wah
    Structural characterisation of CBS-accelerated vulcanizates of SBR and NBR as a function of type of cure system and cure time was investigated.
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    Bayes And Least-Squares Procedures In Sampling From Finite Populations
    (1984-04)
    Mehrotra, Pretta Latha
    In this thesis, we shall consider estimation 1n finite populations under a model-based superpopulation approach using least-squares and Bayesian prediction procedures. Greater emphasis will be placed on the Bayesian inference. The first chapter covers a general preview of the 'classical' fixed population approach and the superpopulation model-based approach, the general survey design framework used and a literature review relevant to this study.
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    Rancangan Tempatan : Pengalaman United Kingdom Dan Implikasi Penggunaan Di Malaysia
    (1986-03)
    Hew King Hsien
    Projek penyelidikan ini bertujuan mendedahkan ciri-ciri dari penggunaan sesuatu alat perancangan guna tanah yang baru iaitu rancangan tempatan. Dengan menjaLankan ulasan terhadap ciri-ciri dan pengaLaman penggunaan di United Kingdom, dan menghubungkannya dengan keadaan di malaysia iaitu keperluan resmi mengenai penyediaan, bentuk, kandungan dan pengGunaan rencangan tempatan. Penyelidikan ini cuba menjeLaskan arah yang patut diikuti oleh rancangan tempatan di Malaysia supaya masalah dan kelemahan di United Kingdom tidak akan diulangi lagi.
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    High-Strength Interstitial Alloys
    (1986-08)
    Othman, Rusli
    During nitriding of Mo powder. surface hardening of the sample due to the formation of b-MoN was observed. The sintered layer of S-MoN reduced the passage of nitrogen to the interior of the sample being completely nitrided and hence prevented it from only a thin layer of Mo powder was therefore completely nitrided to b-MoN in one run and so large scale production of b-MoN by this method is not possible.
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    Perkembangan Kaedah Kromatografi Bagi Penentuan Klorproguanil Dan Klorsikloguanil Di Dalam Plasma
    (1990-12)
    Mahmud, Latifah
    Kaedah-kaedah kromatografi cecair dan gas yang baru telah dimajukan bagi penentuan klorproguanil dan metabolitnya, klorsikloguanil dalam plasma. Drug-drug berkenaan berserta proguanil sebagai piawai dalaman telah diekstrak daripada plasma melalui kaedah pengekstrakan fasa pepejal pada penjerap ODS (CIS) dengan dielusikan oleh metanol yang mengandungi 0.01 % dietilamina-asid asetik. Purata peratus pengembali bagi klorproguanil melalui pengekstrakan ini adalah (85 + 3.6) % dengan pekali ubahan 4.2 % manakala bagi klorsikloguanil pula adalah (60.2 ± 3.9) % dengan pekali ubahan 6.6%.