Pusat Penyelidikan Dadah dan Ubat-Ubatan - Tesis

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Browsing Pusat Penyelidikan Dadah dan Ubat-Ubatan - Tesis by Subject "Pusat Penyelidikan Dadah dan Ubat-ubatan"

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    Modulation Of Dopaminergic System By Mitragynine And The Underlying Mechanisms Instigating Impairment Of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity
    (2023-09)
    Salim, Mohamad Azmeer Effendy Md
    Mitragynine is the primary indole alkaloid of kratom (M. speciosa) Korth and is thought to be part of kratom’s main psychoactive components. Besides contributing to the addiction, it is known to induce rewarding effects by acting as an agonist to opioid receptors and block the dopamine D2 receptor. Moreover, mitragynine causes cognitive deficit and impairs the hippocampal synaptic plasticity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. In the early part of the study, the modulation of dopaminergic system by mitragynine was investigated in rats treated with mitragynine (1 and 30 mg/kg) acutely (1-day treatment) and repeatedly (4-days treatment) through electroencephalography (EEG) recording. Level of dopamine release was quantified using electrochemical biosensor and ELISA kit analysis. The expression of dopamine transporter was measured using RT-qPCR. Results indicated that administration of mitragynine at both doses triggered changes in spectral frequencies demonstrating adaptations of dopaminergic system in freely moving rats. Repeated exposure of mitragynine (1 and 30 mg/kg) evoked increase of dopamine release after 4 days of administration, where at low dose (1 mg/kg) shows irregular increase of mitragynine released. High dose (30 mg/kg) shows a stable intensification of dopamine released, not after acute exposure in real time recording through an electrochemical biosensor. The adaptations of dopaminergic systems by mitragynine are coupled with increased expression of dopamine transporter in the prefrontal cortex.
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    Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Intimate Partner Violence (Ipv), Sexual Reproductive Health Issues And Treatment Barriers Among Females Who Use Drugs (Fwuds) In Malaysia
    (2022-07)
    Anandan, Asnina Nair
    Females who use drugs (FWUDs) are vulnerable to intimate partner violence (IPV) and other issues stemming from violence and drug use. This study aims to identify prevalence and risk factors associated with IPV, the extent of illicit substance use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, reproductive health knowledge and practice, and treatment barriers among FWUDs in Malaysia. Two hundred FWUDs who were confined in a mandatory drug rehabilitation centre (CCRC) for their drug use offenses were recruited through convenience sampling for this cross-sectional study. All the study data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of respondents were Malay (86%, n=171/200), with a mean age of 32.3 years (SD=8.61). The lifetime IPV prevalence rate in this study was 53% (n=105/200), far exceeding the reported rate for non-drug dependent married women in Malaysia. The prevalence rates for physical, psychological and sexual violence in this study were 41%, 29% and 24%, respectively. Lifetime IPV incidence among FWUDs were associated with unstable living environments, having a regular intimate male partner who uses drugs, and have been a victim of underage rape. FWUDs victimised by IPV had higher odds of engaging in risky sexual practices compared to non-victims. The majority (60%) lacked knowledge on condom particularly for female use, and 67% disliked wearing a condom, as it is alleged to affect their sexual performance. Conversely, IPV victimised FWUDs had adequate knowledge on family planning than FWUDs who have never experienced IPV.