Browsing by Type "clinical study"
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- PublicationA comparative study of intra venous patient-controlled analgesia morphine and tramadol in patients undergoing major operation(2004)Kamalrujan Hassan, ShamsulThe success of major surgery depends partly on providing effective post-operative pain relief, which can be achieved by morphine administration via PCA system. Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic, which act mainly on f..L-opioid receptor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) Tramadol in comparison with PCA Morphine in tenn of analgesic properties, sedation and other side effects such as nausea, vomiting and pruritus. randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on 160 selected ASA I and II patients who were divided into two groups by a closed envelope technique. Following surgery, the PCA morphine (M) group (n=80) received a loading dose of 0.1 mglkg of intravenous morphine followed by I mg ( 1 mg/ml) of PCA infusion as required. The PCA tramadol (T) group (n=80) received a loading dose of 2.5 mg/kg of intravenous tramadol followed by 10 mg (10 mg/ml) ofPCA infusion as required. The lockout intervals for both groups were 10 minutes. None of the patients received baseline infusion. In the recovery room, patients were given oxygen via facemask and monitored for pain score according to Modified Pain Score, sedation score according to Ramsay Sedation Score, respiratory rate, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, blood pressure and pulse rate. Patients were evaluated at the end of 30 minutes in recovery room. After 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation, patients were again evaluated in the ward. Showed no difference in the demographic data between the two groups (p>0.05). The mean pain score in tramadol group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 1.32 ± 0.79, 1.04 ± 0.79, 0.35 ± 0.48 and 0.09 ± 0.33 respectively. Whereas, the mean pain score in morphine group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 1.35 ± 0.99, 1.14 ± 0.81, 0.40 ± 0.54 and 0.10 ± 0.34 respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean pain score between the t\vo groups at each duration of assessment (p>0.05). The mean sedation score in tramadol group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 0.90 ± 0.74, 0.56 ± 0.59, 0.08 ± 0.27 and 0.02 ± 0.16 respectively. Whereas, the mean sedation score in morphine group at 30 minutes, 4 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post operation were 0.84 ± 0.70, 0.46 ± 0.64, 0.08 ± 0.27 and 0.01 ± 0.11 respectively. There were no significant differences in the mean sedation score between the two groups at each duration of assessment (p>0.05). There were also no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of nausea, vomiting and pruritus. This study indicates that PCA tramadol is suitable to be used as an alternative to PCA morphine in controlling pain following major surgery. The incidence of sedation, Dallfiea and pruritus were similar in the two groups.
- PublicationAssociation of selected mirnas in susceptibility and resistance to tuberculosis.(2015)Nor, Norazmi MohdMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Hence human miRNAs may be able to inhibit the replication and survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genes in the human host. Mutations within miRNAs can alter their target selection, thereby preventing them from inhibiting Mtb genes and may augment host susceptibility to the disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic ( association of pulmonary TB with six human miRNAs namely: hsa-miR-370, hsa-miR-520d, hsa-miR-154, hsa-miR-497, hsa-miR-758 and hsa-miR-593, which have been predicted to interact with Mtb genes. The objective of the study is to determine possible sequence variation of selected miRNA genes that are potentially associated with the inhibition of critical Mtb genes in TB patients (n=33) and healthy individuals (n=38). There is no sequence variation in all the six human miRNAs in TB patients and healthy contacts when comparing the sequence with the reference sequence available at [http://www.mirbase.org]. The human miRNAs hsa-miR-370, hsa-miR-520d, hsa-miR-154, hsa-miR-497, hsa-miR-758 and hsa-miR- 593 may not be involved directly in the susceptibility or resistance to tuberculosis.
- PublicationCandidate genes polymorphisms in smoking behavior among malay population.(2015)Bakar, Ruzilawati AbuSmoking behavior is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genetic variables appear to play a key role in every aspect of nicotine addiction. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), dopamine receptors (DR) as well as serotonin receptor, 5-HT2A and serotonin transporter, 5-HTT are thought to play an important role in nicotine addiction of smokers. The objectives of this study was to examine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 genes (rs2273502 and rs2236196), dopamine receptors (DR), the 5-HT2A serotonin receptor and serotonin transporter, 5-HTTLPR genes among Malay smokers. The study was conducted in 248 Malay smokers and 248 Malay non-smokers. DNA was extracted from leucocytes and the allele was determined by a polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The PCR product was digested with restriction enzymes. Our result suggested that the CHRNA4 (rs2273502 and rs2236196), DR, 5-HT2A and 5HTTLPR gene polymorphisms are not major determinants of smoking behavior in Malay populations
- PublicationDevelopment of a novel approach multiplex late-pcr electrochemical-enzyme based dna sensor for sequence specific detection of vibrio cholerae.(2015)Yean, Chan YeanPhase 1: Development of a Multiplex Linear-After-The-Exponential (LATE)- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • To design specific primers and optimize a multiplex LATE-PCR which is capable of simultaneously detecting the presence of V. cholerae, as well as cholera toxin and internal control genes. Phase 2: Development of a Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) on Disposable Screen-Printed Gold Electrode (SPGE) • To design thiol-modified capture probe for sequence-specific hybridization with target LATEPCR amplicons. • To optimize the immobilization of capture probe DNAs on gold electrode surface using Self- Assembled Monolayer (SAM) system. Phase 3: Development of a Multiplex Electrochemical-Enzyme based DNA sensor • To optimize the hybridization of labeled LATE-PCR amplicons to the capture probe DNAs. • To optimize the simultaneous detection of multiple redox reactions catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase by amperometry. Phase 4: Evaluation of the Multiplex Electrochemical-Enzyme based DNA sensor • To perform analytical evaluation of the multiplex electrochemical DNA hybridization genosensor. • To evaluate the performance of the multiplex electrochemical DNA hybridization genosensor using clinical samples. Objective Achieved (Please state the extent to which the project objectives were achieved) Phase 1: Development of a Multiplex Linear-After-The-Exponential (LATE)- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) • To design specific primers and optimize a multiplex LATE-PCR which is capable of simultaneously detecting the presence of V. cholerae, as well as cholera toxin and internal control genes -100% achieved as per planned Phase 2: Development of a Mixed Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) on Disposable Screen-Printed Gold Electrode (SPGE) • To design thiol-modified capture probe for sequence-specific hybridization with target LATEPCR amplicons.-100% achieved as per planned • To optimize the immobilization of capture probe DNAs on gold electrode surface using Self- Assembled Monolayer (SAM) system -100% achieved as per planned Phase 3: Development of a Multiplex Electrochemical-Enzyme based DNA sensor • To optimize the hybridization of labeled LATE-PCR amplicons to the capture probe DNAs - 100% achieved as per planned • To optimize the simultaneous detection of multiple redox reactions catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase by amperometry -100% achieved as per planned Phase 4: Evaluation of the Multiplex Electrochemical-Enzyme based DNA sensor • To perform analytical evaluation of the multiplex electrochemical DNA hybridization genosensor -100% achieved as per planned • To evaluate the performance of the multiplex electrochemical DNA hybridization genosensor using clinical samples -100% achieved as per planned
- PublicationEffect of buffer composition on the background activities of choline kinase.(2013)Yong, Lee ShinCholine kinase has become one of the popular enzymes that has recently been studied extensively as it functions to catalyze the phosphorylation of choline to form phosphocholine in the presence of ATP and magnesium. Choline kinase exists in three isoforms which are CKal, CKa2 and CKp encoded by two separate genes, Chka and Chkfl. Pyruvate kinase-lactate dehydrogenase (PK.-LDH) coupled enzymatic assay was used to determine the activities for hCKa2 and hCKp. Background activity was the activity observed before choline was added into the reaction. The existence of background activity in enzymatic assay of hCKa2 and hCK.p affects the accuracy of measurement for choline kinase. Thus, different buffer systems at pH 8.5 were used to compare the effect of these buffers towards the background activity of hCKa2 and hCKp. The aim of this study was to reduce the background activity of choline kinase by using different buffer systems (pH 8.5) for enzymatic assay. The buffers tested for enzymatic assay were borate, glycine-NaOH, HEPES, Tris-acetate, Tris-maleate and tricine. Kinetic parameters for hCKa2 and hCKp were determined with buffers that removed the background activity of the enzymes. The buffers that abolished the background activity of choline kinase were glycine-NaOH, HEPES and tricine buffers. The highest Vmax for hCKa2 of 87.41 pmol/min/mg with choline as the substrate was obtained in tricine buffer, while HEPES buffer gave the highest Vmax of 41.60 pmol/min/mg for hCKp. With ethanolamine as substrate, the highest Vmax for both hCKa2 and hCKp were obtained in tricine buffer with the values of 37.71 and 13.86 pmol/min/mg respectively. In conclusion, glycine-NaOH, HEPES and tricine buffers were able to remove the background activities of the hCKa2 and hCKp. The activity level of these enzymes were also dependent on the buffer system used in enzymatic assay.
- PublicationElucidating the function of repressor element silencing transcription factor (rest) in human breast cancer and its relation with voltagegated sodium channels {VGSCS)-mediated metastasis NNELS {VGSCS)-Mediated Metastasis.(2015)Mokhtar, Noor FatmawatiFemale breast cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer. Increased use of SC/eening methods has improved the ability to detect non-palpable lesions, and early detection is achievable. Unfortunately, in Iran. breast cancer occurs in yOtJnger women and is dereaed at more advanced stages. We investigated kniJVol!edge, attitudes, and practices of Iranian women regarding b!east cancer screening, so that more appropriate tfaining programmes can be offered if necessary.
- PublicationFactors associated with mammography screening decision among rural women in kiulu, Sabah.(2012)Godulus, FarhannidalineBreast cancer is the common cancer and the leading cause of death among women in Malaysia. Mammography screening behavior has not been well studied among rural women in Sabah. Knowledge about breast cancer and screening were associated with mammography utilization. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with mammography screening decision among rural women in Kiulu, Sabah. This study had a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling (n=200). A self-administered structured questionnaire was done. Data was analyzed using IBM Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software version 19.0. Of 200 participants, only 40 (20%) women had a mammogram done and 80% reported not had a mammogram. Chi-Square test revealed that age, ethnicity and marital status were associated with mammography screening decision with (p<0.05). Women 30 to 40 with mean age 41.86 years old were the highest respondents. 25 from 40 women 30- 40 years old more likely had a mammogram. Women who had reporting a mammogram were likely to be a Dusun woman, and were married. Meanwhile, the educational level and family history of breast cancer were found not associated with mammography screening decision (p>0.05). Using the Independent t-Test, perceived seriousness and barriers found was associated with mammography utilization. Women who had a mammogram score fewer on barriers (14.07). Specific barriers were identified among rural women in this study were embarrassment due to mammogram, causing pain, unpleasant and cost of mammogram. The findings also revealed that there was no association of knowledge about breast cancer screening and mammography utilization (p=0.884). This study provides valuable information for future study and research about belief and attitude toward breast cancer screening among rural women.
- PublicationKnowledge and attitudes level of stem cell among registered nurses and undergraduate nursing students in Universiti Sains Malaysia.(2013)Stem cell research holds great promise for treatments in many devastating disease of mankind. Study suggests that stem cell research is an important scientific breakthrough to intervene in medicine and bringing hope in terms of quality of life. Registered nurses and nursing students need to understand stem cell research so they can translate information on this issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of stem cells, attitudes toward the application in medical setting among Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and Obstetrics and Gynecology Wards registered nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) and undergraduate nursing students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). A cross-sectional study was conducted on registered nurses (RNs) and undergraduate nursing students in the Health campus, USM after ethics approval was obtained. Simple random sampling was used to select the sample. Ninety seven (RNs) and 88 undergraduate nursing students were involved in this study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaire developed by the researcher according to the literature. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics of respondents and 20 knowledge questions and 10 attitude statements on stem cell application in medical setting. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) software version 20.0. The results showed that most respondents had moderate knowledge on stem cell, nevertheless, Independent T-test revealed that registered nurses were more knowledgeable regarding stem cells, with a mean score of 32.6, compared to the undergraduate nursing students, with mean scores of 31.7 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in attitude among the registered nurses and undergraduate nursing students (p>0.05). Most of the respondents are worried about stem cell treatments, nevertheless they see the future of stem cell treatment and agree that more exposure should be given to them. Using the correlation coefficient, it was shown that there was a fair relationship (r=0.26) between the employment years and knowledge of stem cells for RNs. On the other hand, there seem to show poor relationship (r=0.02) between the educational years and knowledge of stem cells for the undergraduate nursing students. In conclusion, this study suggests that both groups of participant, whether RNs or undergraduate nursing students (future nurses) lack stem cell knowledge that is essential for daily practices. This moderate knowledge affects their attitude in delivering stem cell issues and information. Therefore, review of curriculum and continuous nursing education on stem cells information is suggested.
- PublicationKnowledge, health beliefs and use of vitamin and mineral supplements among elderly clients in klinik rawatan keluarga (krk}, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.(2009)Ariffin, Norfaranieza MuhdWith the prevalence of elderly rising in the past decade, research into nutritional intake among elderly has become increasingly important. Indeed, nutrition-related health problems ranging from nutrient deficiencies to over-nutrient, makes the elderly diet is questionable. The use of nutritional supplementation is enhancing among elderly and their decision of consuming vitamin and mineral supplements might be based on personal knowledge and health beliefs. The objectives of the study is to assess the knowledge, health beliefs of the elderly and correlates them with their use of vitamin and mineral supplements among elderly clients in KRK, HUSM. This study was a cross-sectional design and descriptive study. One hundred and fifty elderly clients who were attending to KRK, HUSM were engaged in this study. From this questionnaire, the knowledge and health beliefs scores were calculated and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 12.0 (SPSS). Association and mean difference of the supplement usage were identified. The mean of knowledge score was 10.26 (S.D 2.21) out of possible 20. There is no association between nutritional knowledge and usage of vitamin and mineral supplements. There is no significant mean difference of knowledge score between users and non-users of vitamin and mineral supplements. The mean for health belief score was 24.4 (S.D 2.21) out 45. For the health beliefs score, the result revealed that there were no significance mean difference of health belief score between users and non-users of health belief statements. From this study, it is know that the usage of vitamin and mineral supplements still did not take place among elderly at KRK, HUSM. Besides, the findings also showed that the level of nutrition knowledge is high among the elderly. Those aspects of nutrition knowledge which are low needs improvement and those beliefs that put the elderly at risk of malnutrition in the expanding population of older adults need to be changed and further investigation of vitamin and mineral supplementation behavior in older adults should be explored.
- Publicationmproving the quality life, family impact and teacher’s job satisfaction of disabled children and adolescents registered with Pusat Pemulihan Dalam Komuniti (PDK), Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (jkm), Kelantan through training of pdk teachers.(2015)Rahman, Azriani AbThe objectives of this study were to determine the effect of a one and a half year educational intervention on the job dissatisfaction of teachers, quality of life of parents and the disabled children in 30 Community Based Rehabilitation (CBR) centres in Kelantan. Method: Ten educational modules were administered to the teachers. A validated Malay version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), PedsQL™ F1M21 and the Malay Version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory ™ Version 4.0 (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales were used pre intervention, mid intervention and post intervention Results: Repeated Measure ANOVA revealed there was a statistically significant reduction in the mean of job dissatisfaction (p = 0.048). Paired t test showed significant change only in family relationship and physical functioning among children aged two to four years. Conclusion: The intervention program elicited improvement mainly in job satisfaction of teachers. Efforts should be made to sustain the effect by continuous support visits to CBR centres. An intervention which focuses on the parents/caregivers needs to be carried out in the future so that a significant impact could be observed among them.
- PublicationNurses’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards ethical decision making in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.(2013)Hiong, Ling SingEthical decision making helps people to make difficult choices when faced with an ethical dilemma, a situation in which there is no clear right or wrong answer. It is inherent in nursing practice. Nurses working in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) arc often confronted dilemmas concerning issues of patient care management and ethical issues with life sustaining treatment decisions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate nurses' knowledge, attitude and practice of ethical decision making in NICU, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). A crossscctional survey on nursing staff (n=56) in NICU, HUSM was conducted using a selfadministered structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Nurses in the study had high knowledge to the principle ethics (M= 11.50, SD= 1.31), high attitude (M= 26.73. SD= 3.15) and satisfactory practice (M= 5.64. SD= 1.14). Chi square test revealed that there was no association between age, marital status, highest education nursing level, years of working experience and current position with knowledge and attitude. The finding also showed that age of nurses (p=0.041) and years of working experience (p=0.041) were significantly associated with practice of the nurses. However the other socio demographic factors were no significant association with practice. The results of this study can serve as the basic to facilitate continuous education and research on ethical decision making among nurses. In conclusion, the study highlights the need to identify professionals in the workforce who appear to be indifferent to ethical and legal issues, to devise means to sensitize them to these issues and appropriately training them.
- PublicationPhytochemical screening and anti-cancer effect of Clinacanthus nutans extract towards cervical cancer cell line, HeLa.(2013)Yee, Lim WeiNowadays many researches are focusing on the discovery of new therapeutic substance of natural origin for the treatment of cancer based on its cytoxicity to human cells. Clinacanthus nutans (C.nutans) or locally known as Belalai Gajah in Malaysia have been used in Thailand as a folk medicine for the Herpes virus infection. Recently C.nutans had become popular folk medicine in the treatment of cancer around Malaysia. In the present study, we aim to examine anti-cancer activities of C.nutans extracts for the treatment of cancer in vitro. Aqueous and methanol crude extracts were extracted from the leaves of C.nutans and phytochemical screening was performed to study the plant secondary metabolites. The cytotoxic activity of both crude extracts were investigated in vitro against human cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa by using MTT assay. The mode of cell death induced by the crude extracts of C.nutans was examined by Hoechst 33258 stain. The secondary metabolism constituents in aqueous crude extract are terpenoids and flavonoids, whereas methanol crude extract contains terpemoids, alkaloids and flavonoids. Our results showed that C.nutans in aqueous extract exerted a significant antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells (ICso=13±O.82 pg/mL) and but no ICsowas detected by methanol extract on HeLa cells. No significant activities (IC50 = not detected) were present in vero cells treated with both aqueous and methanol crude extract. Whereas HeLa and Vero cells treated with control drug, tamoxifen shows a significant cytotoxicity effect with IC50 values of 3.8±0.19 pg/mL and 2.2±0.029 pg/mL respectively. Hoechst 33258 stain showed that aqueous extract of C.nutans induce cell death on HeLa cells via apoptosis. The aqueous extract of C.nutans exert the anti-cancer activity against cultured human cervical cancer cell lines with cytoselectivity property and induces cell death by apoptosis pathway , suggesting a promising alternate therapeutic substance for cancer prevention and treatment
- PublicationThe correlation of plasma levels of Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and C-tau protein with the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) in critically ill patients.(2013-05)Nik, Wan Nurul 'Izzati WanBrain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) has been found at low concentration in the plasma of healthy persons and shows a high concentration after neuronal damage. It is related to the fact that BDNF is needed for recovery7 of brain function after acute stress and the decrease of its level in patients has been suggested to be related to the inability of these patients to cope with acute stress. Meanwhile, cleaved tau level was also higher in head injury patients compared to healthy peoples. Increased serum cleaved tau protein was associated with a greater chance of intracranial injury and poor outcome in patients with closed head injuries. C-tau protein had been suggested to be the biomarker with specificity for brain injury' because C-tau elevations had been discovered in patients with neurodegenerative disease and severe head injuries. A severity scoring system had been introduced and developed to allow an assessment of the severity7 of disease and provide an estimate of in-hospital mortality. This estimate is achieved by collecting routinely measured data specific to a patient. It is found that Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) is now the simplest system for measuring intensive care unit (ICU) performances precisely and comparing performance over years because the expanded SAPS 11 is simple to obtain from the existing data bases. This study compared the level of specific biochemical markers of axonal damage (C-tau protein) and nerve growth factor (BDNF) in critically ill patients with that of healthy subjects. The protein levels were then correlated with the severity scores (SAPS If)- AU protein levels were determined by using the Cusabio ELISA kit and the scores for SAPS II of all patients were obtained from a Microsoft Excel programme that was developed by BRAINetwork. In this study, it was found that the plasma levels of BDNF and C-tau in healthy volunteers were higher when compared to the plasma levels [median] of BDNF and C-tau in ICU patients (0.155 versus 0.111 ng/ml) and (0.579 versus 0.199 ng/ml) respectively. Both tests also showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) with the following p values for BDNF (p= 0.00) and C-tau (p=0.003). 'Hie initial finding showed that plasma levels of BDNF and C-tau were not associated with severity of illness in ICU patients. This is in contrast to other studies, and is now the subject of further analysis in a separate study at BRAINetwork. The difference in findings may be related to the onset of neuronal damage prior to the admission of these patients into the ICU. However, this study has found a positive correlation between BDNF and C-tau protein levels with the severity' scores (SAPS 11) where lower scores of SAPS 11 for each patient is directly proportional to the lower levels of BDNF and C-tau protein in critically ill patients.
- PublicationThe effect of physical disability of home based stroke persons on their quality of life in Kelantan.(2009-04)The goal of this study is to determine the effect of physical disability of stroke patients on their quality of life in Kelantan. This study examines the effect of demographic characteristics and patients' physical disability on quality of life among stroke patients. Forty five stroke patients participated in the study. Data were selected trough purposive sampling. Subjects were asked to respond to one set of questionnaires which is consisted of 3 parts: 1) demographic characteristics, 2) Barthel Index and 3) EQ5D with scale. A pilot study had been done and the reliability was 0.93 and 0.62, respectively. Subjects who had involve in this study: 53.3% were female, 91 .1% were Malay and Muslim, age ranged from 31 to 90 years (M = 62.18, SO = 13.38), with all were married. Majority of the subjects' education level was secondary school and only 11.1% attained Diploma/College/University. For the employment status, 75.6% were unemployed with the highest total income household monthly was in range RM 500 to RM1000. Majority of the subjects having ischemic stroke (73.3%) and the stroke life span more than 3 month to 6 month. There are also different means for each demographic characteristic. While the physical disability and quality of life had correlation with p=0.05. Physical disability among stroke persons will alter their quality of life. As a health professional, the information in this study may help in understanding stroke patient needs and the best treatment for them.
- PublicationThe mechanism of osseointegration on hydroxypatite (ha)-induced osteoblast stimulated with cytokines.(2015)Abdullah, Nurul AsmaAdvancement in oral implant research have led to remarkable transformation in osseointegration technology. ' However, current implants often encounter complications in its compatibility due to own immune rejection. Numerous surface coatings and growth factors have been widely explored to overcome these complications. Hydroxyapatite (HA) displays properties more likely to the mineral elements of human bones and hard tissues and is commonly used as a filler to replace bone or as a coating material. lnterleukins such as IL-6 and IL-17 which acts as key control in the immune response has been identified to have potential role in I bone metabolism. Understanding of bone metabolism implies the involvement of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of RANK ligand (RANKL) that balances the whole metabolism. RANKL stimulates osteoclastogenesis while the OPG regulates osteogenesis. This study aimed to understand the role of IL-6 and IL-17A in modulating OPG/RANKL system on HA-induced murine osteoblast cell line (MCT3T-E1). Treatments of IL-6 or in combination with IL-17A resulted in an increased expression of OPG and ALP, in contrast to RANKL expression; thus improved the OPG/RANKL ratio. In addition, bone mineralization process is indicated through up-regulation of ALP activity. Treatment of HA-induced osteoblast with IL-6 ± IL- 17A modulates the OPG/RANKL system, thus enhanced osteogenesis and bone remodeling process.