Pusat Pengajian Sains Perubatan - Tesis
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- PublicationThe effect of 660nm light-emitting diode irradiation on human gingival fibroblast cell proliferation(2025-01)JiaQi, WangLight therapy has become a common treatment modality in various medical fields, including dermatology, dentistry, and cosmetics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 660 nm ligh-emitting diode on the proliferation and viability of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. The cells were irradiated with 660nm light-emitting diode for 60 and 120 seconds 24-hours post-seeding. After 24- and 48-hours irradiation, cell count, and viability were determined. The results then were analysed using a one-way ANOVA test (p < 0.05). The findings revealed a significant increase in cell proliferation rate and viability in the irradiated groups compared to the control group, with the 120 seconds irradiation group showing the highest enhancement at both time points. These results suggest that 660 nm LED light can effectively promote the proliferation and viability of human gingival fibroblasts, highlighting its potential as a valuable tool in regenerative dentistry and periodontal therapy
- PublicationThe evaluation of etlingera elatior flower (bunga kantan) aqueous extract (EEAE) effects on cognitive impairment improvement in diabetic rats (pilot study)(2025-01)Zeny, TohDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health concern that affects individuals across all countries, sexes, and age groups. It increases the risk of developing multi-organ complications, including cognitive impairment, which is often linked to hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, neurovascular dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Although the pharmaceutical antidiabetic drugs are effective in controlling blood glucose levels, they are often associated with various side effects. Hence, the trend of using medicinal plants that contain bioactive compounds to improve diabetes-induced cognitive impairment is increasing due to their minimal side effects and cost-effectiveness. This pilot study aims to evaluate the effects of Etlingera elatior flower aqueous extract (EEAE) on improving cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. Nine Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly separated into three groups (n=3/group): (1) normal control group, (2) diabetic control group, and (3) diabetic treatment group receiving 1000 mg/kg EEAE orally for 6 weeks. The DPPH assay was used to measure the antioxidant activity of EEAE, which showed that EEAE exhibited moderate antioxidant potential. Furthermore, EEAE treatment showed slight improvements in fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and body mass index (BMI) compared to the diabetic control group. Additionally, it improved all parameters related to spatial learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test Histological examination of brain tissue using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed reduced neuronal degeneration with fewer microglia in the EEAE-treated group. These findings suggest that the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects could be due to the anthocyanins, a bioactive compound in EEAE. Therefore, it can potentially be developed as a natural therapeutic product in improving diabetes-induced cognitive impairment
- PublicationThe effect of tlr4 agonist (crx-527) on il-10 production in mice immunized with bcg-msp-1c(2025-01)Zaman, Tabassum IrinMalaria, caused by the Plasmodium parasite, continues to be a significant global health burden, particularly in regions with limited access to healthcare. Current malaria vaccines face challenges of suboptimal efficacy and logistical barriers for widespread implementation. One promising antigen for malaria vaccine development is the C-terminal region of merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-1C), a conserved fragment of MSP-1, the major surface protein of Plasmodium merozoites, which is essential for red blood cell invasion and evasion of host immune responses. This study evaluates the impact of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist CRX-527 on IL-10 production in mice immunized with the BCG-MSP-1C vaccine, developed in our laboratory by cloning the MSP-1C antigen with the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which is primarily used for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Treatment groups included PBS-T80, LPS, BCG, and BCG-MSP-1C. The results revealed a significant enhancement of IL-10 production across all groups in both liver and lymph node supernatant samples in the presence of CRX-527. Among these, the BCG-MSP-1C group exhibited the highest IL-10 levels, followed by the BCG, LPS, and PBS-T80 groups. IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, plays a pivotal role in regulating the immune response, ensuring controlled infection management while minimizing tissue damage. These findings highlight CRX-527’s potential as an effective immune-modulatory adjuvant for malaria vaccine strategies. The incorporation of CRX-527 with the BCG-MSP-1C vaccine offers a dual immunization approach, enabling protection against both malaria and tuberculosis with a single immunization. This strategy could significantly reduce the burden of multiple vaccine doses and improve immunization coverage in resource-limited settings. The study underscores the potential of CRX-527 to enhance vaccine efficacy and promote long-term immunity, supporting its role in advancing cost-effective, dual-purpose vaccine solutions for endemic regions
- PublicationDetermination of total immunoglobulin g and immunoglobulin g subclass response against sars-cov-2 omicron variant in pfizer and sinovac vaccinated serum samples(2025-01)Ravi, SyamalanThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to pose significant global health challenges. The emergence of variants such as Omicron has raised concerns regarding immune escape, waning immunity, and the long-term effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. While vaccination remains the most effective strategy in mitigating severe disease and transmission, differences in immune responses elicited by various vaccine platforms necessitate further investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response, focusing on total Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and IgG subclasses (IgG1 and IgG4), in individuals vaccinated with Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) and Sinovac (CoronaVac) vaccines. A total of 14 participants were recruited, with seven receiving Pfizer and seven receiving Sinovac. Serum samples were collected at six critical time points: pre-vaccination, post-first dose, two weeks after the second dose, and post-booster doses at two, 26, and 52 weeks. An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to quantify spike-specific IgG responses. The results demonstrated a significant increase in total IgG levels over time in both vaccine groups (p < 0.0001). Sinovac recipients exhibited higher total IgG levels (predicted mean: 1.984) compared to Pfizer recipients (predicted mean: 1.442). IgG1 levels remained comparable between both groups across all time points (p > 0.05), with Sinovac showing a transiently higher IgG1 response at two- and 26-weeks post-booster. In contrast, IgG4 levels significantly increased in Pfizer recipients at later booster time points (26 and 52 weeks, p < 0.05), whereas Sinovac elicited a less pronounced IgG4 response. These findings suggest that Sinovac induces a stronger early total IgG response, while Pfizer leads to a more pronounced IgG4 response after booster doses. The distinct patterns of IgG subclass distribution may influence long-term immunity and immune regulation following vaccination. Understanding these differential immune responses is essential for optimizing booster strategies, refining vaccine policies, and ensuring prolonged protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
- PublicationEffects of different types of exercise intensities on immune responses, bone metabolism markers, antioxidant status and selected physiological parameters in physically inactive adults(2025-08)Suhaimi, Muhammad ZuhailiHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) was proven to enhance general fitness and health in healthy individuals. However, to date, studies on the effects of HIIT and MICT on immune responses, bone metabolism markers and antioxidant status in physically inactive adults are still limited. Therefore, the study was carried out. Thirty-six physically inactive male and female adults, aged 18-35 years were recruited and randomly assigned to HIIT, MICT or control groups with 12 participants per group (n=12). Participants in the HIIT group performed 2 sets of 6-8 repetitions of running at 85- 95% of HRmax on a motorised treadmill for 30 seconds, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Participants in the MICT group performed 30 min of running on a motorised treadmill at 55-70% of HRmax, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Participants in the control group did not engage in any exercise training throughout the intervention period. Anthropometric measurements, maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), Wingate anaerobic capacity, isokinetic muscular strength and power, blood (for the analysis of whole blood count, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-1 collagen and total antioxidant status) and saliva samples (for analysis of saliva flow rate and salivary lysozyme concentration and secretion rate) were taken prior to and following 8 weeks of training intervention. Results indicated that both HIIT and MICT significantly increased salivary lysozyme concentration and dominant knee extension average power at 300º.s-1 compared to pre-test measurement (p<0.05), though no significant differences were observed between groups (p>0.05). VO2max improved significantly in the HIIT group (p<0.05), whereas total monocyte count and serum ALP concentration were significantly higher in the MICT group compared to controls post-intervention (p<0.05). A significant reduction in anaerobic and peak power were noted in both groups at post-test compared to pre-test measurements (p<0.05). No significant differences across groups and time were found in the other measure parameters. In conclusion, both HIIT and MICT enhance specific immune response markers and isokinetic muscular power in physically inactive adults. However, HIIT demonstrated superior improvements in cardiovascular fitness and MICT was better at enhancing bone metabolism marker. These findings suggest that practitioners should consider incorporating HIIT into exercise regimens as a time- efficient alternative that may appeal to those with perceived time constrains for exercise while providing effective health benefits.