Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Kimia - Tesis

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Photocatalytic Degradation Of Indigo Carmine And Phenol Using Agzs04-Deposited Zno Under Outdoor Light Irradiation
(2014-12)
Choo, Hui Sun
Silver sulfate (Ag2S04) was successfully deposited on ZnO via a simple impregnation method. The as-synthesized sample was characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, FTIR, UV-vis DRS and BET surface characteristic. Then, the photocatalytic activities of pure ZnO and three Ag2S04-deposited ZnO with different Ag2S04 loading were being evaluated for the degradation of indigo carmine and phenol under outdoor light irradiation. Results showed that the photocatalytic activities of all theer Ag2S04-deposited ZnO were higher than pure ZnO and commercial Ti02 for both pollutants degradation, especially 0.03 Ag2S04/ZnO which exhibited superior photocatalytic performance compare to others. After that, calcination temperature at 300 oe was found to be the most suitable condition for the preparation of 0.03 Ag2S0
Establishment Of The Callus And Cell Suspension Cultures For The Growth Of Pogostemon Cablin
(2014-12)
Che Saad, Norlia
In this study, plant cell culture technique was used in order to investigate the production of patchouli alcohol in callus and cell suspension cultures. The callus cultures were induced from the intact Pogostemon cablin leaves called explants. Different types, concentration of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and different culture conditions (light, carbon source and inoculum size) were studied in order to produce a rapid-growing callus cultures and well-dispersed cell suspension cultures or P. cublin. The best condition for callus cultures growth was obtained in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium containing I mg/L picloram (MS I d) which was maintained in the dark for 21 days. Callus cultures were healthy with whitish and friable features. However, the cultured explants showed negative response to MS medium supplemented with 2, 4- D and all combination of picloram and 2, 4-0. The healthy, fast growing and friable callus cultures were then used to establish the cell suspension cultures. Under the influences of different concentrations and combinations of PGRs and light, rapid growth of cell suspension cultures were observed in the MDI medium.
Copper-Tannate Complexes As Antifoulant In Antifouling Paint For Fish-Cage Nets
(2014-05)
Usol Ghafli, Nurul Azwin
Tannin extracted from mangrove bark, Rhizophora apiculata (R. apiculata) was used as a natural-origin source to be complexed with copper(U) salt. The copper-tannate (Cu-T) produced was used as an antifoulant in antifouling paint. Mangrove bark was extracted using 70% (v/v) aqueous acetone and gives 31.1 % extraction yield. The total phenolic content (TPC) of mangrove tannin extract (MT) was 186.0 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram sample, total flavonoid content (TFC) was 96.0 mg catechin equivalent per gram sample and condensed tannin content (CTC) was 95.5% weight content. The optimum condition of copper-tannate complexes (Cu-T) was studied using precipitation curve on varies parameters which were copper dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time and pH of Cu-T solution. The optimum conditions were taking into account of Cu-T percentage yield and IR spectrum analysis. Three derivatives ofCu-T at different pH, which were Cu-T pH 3.5, Cu-T pH 5.0 and Cu-T pH 8.0, were chosen for further analysis. The concentration of copper element in CuT and commercialized antifoulant, Cu-Oma was measured using AAS analysis and shown that Cu-T complexes had lower amount of copper content which are almost 50% lower than Cu-Oma.
Modeling And Optimization Of Solvent-Free Isoamyl Acetate Production Via Enzymatic Esterification
(2014-04)
Yusoff Azudin, Nurhazwani
Isoamyl acetate is an organic compound listed under the esterfamily, and used as flavor additive especially in food industries. Studies on esterification processes begin with traditional extraction of ester from plants,followed by chemical synthesis route. Nowadays, the esterification process has shifted to biocatalytic flavor due to consumer's inclination towards natural compared to chemical resources. Thisstudy was carried out to examine the reaction synthesis between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol in the presence of Candida antarctica Lipase-B (CALB) as a catalyst in solvent-free system (SFS). Results show that two reactions took place: (i) between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol, and (ii) between acetic acid and isoamyl alcohol. Effect of different reaction parameters on the final yield of isoamyl acetate, and optimization of process parametersusing a statistical tool were also investigatedwithresponse surface methodology (RSM).
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control For Bioethanol Fermentation Process
(2014-02)
Mohd, Noraini
The bioethanol fermentation process has a complex dynamics and is inherently nonlinear. The nonlinearity behavior of the process is caused by the variation in the biomass composition with the operating conditions while the constraints inherited by the process increase the process complexity. Due to these reasons, the modelling and the control of the bioethanol fermentation process is difficult and the application of model based control strategies often lead to a better performance. In this work, a Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC), which is one of the well-known model control strategies, has been developed to control the product concentration and the fermenter temperature of the bioethanol fermentation process.

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