Pusat Penyelidikan Dasar & Kajian Antarabangsa (CenPRIS) - Tesis

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    The Aging-Inequality Nexus: The Domestic Savings Channel And Threshold Effects In Asia-Pacific Countries
    (2024-05)
    affarudin, Muhammad Raees Shaik S
    Income inequality has generally exhibited an increasing trend, albeit at varying rates among Asia-Pacific countries, during a concurrent boom in the elderly population. As such, the connection between the rising prevalence of the aging population and the slow progress in alleviating income inequality remains unclear. Moreover, there is a lack of empirical analysis focusing on domestic savings as a potential transmission mechanism within the aging-inequality nexus. To address these questions, this study sets forth three primary objectives. First, the study investigates whether a long-term relationship exists between aging and income inequality using the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (A-ARDL) bounds test. The key findings confirm that aging coexists with income inequality in advanced aging economies. Empirical evidence indicates that population aging exacerbates income inequality in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and China. Conversely, the aging process in Hong Kong appears to moderate inequality. The second objective explores the role of domestic savings as a transmission mechanism in the relationship between aging and income inequality, while also considering the effects of social globalization. The results reveal that aging significantly influences savings behaviors in aged and super-aged countries. Australia, New Zealand, Japan, and China display a negative relationship between aging and savings, whereas Hong Kong shows a positive correlation between the older dependency ratio and domestic saving.
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    Pembiayaan Mikro, Sosiodemografi, Sikap Keusahawanan Bumiputera Dan Prestasi Perusahaan Mikro Di Pulau Pinang: Kajian Terhadap Hubungan Dan Kesan Penyederhana
    (2023-09)
    Halim, Mat Hashim
    Pembiayaan kewangan, sikap keusahawanan dan faktor sosiodemografi dilihat memainkan peranan penting dalam membantu pertumbuhan perusahaan bersaiz mikro, kecil dan sederhana (PKS). Berdasarkan kepentingan faktor ini, kajian ini dijalankan bagi melihat sejauh manakah pengaruh ini memberikan kesan secara langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap prestasi perusahaan dengan tumpuan kajian diberikan kepada perniagaan bersaiz mikro Bumiputera yang terdapat di Pulau Pinang. Berdasarkan pertimbangan teoretikal, satu kerangka konseptual kajian telah dibentuk untuk meneliti hubungan faktor-faktor ini terhadap prestasi perusahaan mikro berdasarkan Teori Pandangan Berasaskan Sumber (RBV), Teori Sikap dan Teori Keusahawanan Shane. Sejumlah 350 orang usahawan Bumiputera bersaiz mikro di Pulau Pinang yang menerima pembiayaan kewangan mikro dari pelbagai agensi dan institusi kewangan telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian. Data-data kajian diperoleh dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian SPSS dan Eviews. Kaedah deskriptif digunakan bagi menjelaskan taburan responden kajian manakala kaedah regresi berbilang digunakan bagi menerangkan pengaruh faktor-faktor pembiayaan mikro, sikap keusahawanan dan sosiodemografi usahawan terhadap prestasi usahawan mikro Bumiputera di Pulau Pinang.
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    The Transformation Of Private Higher Education Institution In Post-Reformation Indonesia 1998-2018: Case Studies Of Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta And Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
    (2022-03)
    Mudzakkir, Moh
    This thesis examines the organisational transformation in Muhammadiyah higher education in post-reformation Indonesia 1998-2018. Specifically, this research took a case-study approach in investigating the experiences of UMY and UMS. Arguably, the institutional high point was when the two universities received the highest recognition with an “A” accreditation by the National Accreditation Board of Higher Education. Against this background, this study has three objectives: (i) to examine the key events of changes throughout two decades of organisational transformation in the two Muhammadiyah universities; (ii) to reveal generative mechanisms contributing to the transformation of two Muhammadiyah universities and; (iii) to explain commonalities and differences between the organisational transformation of the two universities.
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    The Autoregressive Distributed Lag Extensions And Applications
    (2022-07)
    Sam Chung Yan
    The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework is comprehensive with both flexible lag orders of dependent and independent variables to explain the dynamic of the responding variable. This thesis extends the ARDL methods to provide practical applications in economic analysis. The extensions include providing bounds of critical values of the additional testing on lagged level independent variables coefficients for the ARDL cointegration test, innovating the ARDL framework for a multivariate unit root test, and proposing ARDL model for Taylor rule studies. Users who are unfamiliar with programming could use the provided critical values to perform the familiar bounds testing procedure to run the cointegration test proposed by McNown et al. (2018). The dynamic and flexible model in the multivariate ARDL unit root test with related time series information helps to gain more statistical power than the univariate framework unit root tests. Besides that, the limitation in the covariate Dickey-Fuller framework that rules out the possibility of cointegration is covered by the ARDL model to avoid power loss caused by model misspecification. Many Taylor rule empirical studies do not follow proper econometric procedures such as unit root, cointegration, and diagnostic tests. Besides, many pieces of evidence show that the Taylor rule regression is unbalanced with mixed integration order variables. Therefore, level estimates without cointegration reported in the studies could give spurious results. The robust standard error is commonly used in empirical studies, but it is helpless to deal with the residual autocorrelation problem, especially if the model includes lagged dependent variable.