Pusat Kajian Kelestarian Global - Tesis

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Fish Identification Across Merbok Estuary Through Dna Barcoding And Environmental Dna (Edna) Metabarcoding In Tropical Mangrove Estuary
(2022-09)
Zainal Abidin, Danial Hariz
Biodiversity hotspots often face a taxonomic information gap, especially those biotas found in tropical mangrove estuarine ecosystems. These megadiverse ecosystems are currently among the most threatened ecosystems in the world due to high human pressures. Moreover, knowledge of the taxonomy and distribution of species in this ecosystem is still incomplete for many groups, especially fish taxa, which hinders the implementation of sustainable biodiversity conservation plans. To fill the taxonomic gap in this species-rich region, this work investigated the diversity of fish communities in a tropical mangrove estuary - the Merbok Estuary in northwestern Peninsular Malaysia using conventional and DNA-based methods. The conventional assessment of ichthyodiversity in the Merbok Estuary and adjacent marine waters recorded a total of 138 fish species from two classes, 18 orders, 47 families, and 94 genera. A repository of specimens was established at the Biodiversity Reference Laboratory, USM, to enable further comparative studies. Subsequently, DNA barcoding based on the COI gene was used to genetically assess the fish diversity in the Merbok Estuary and complement the earlier morphological results. A DNA barcoding reference library of 350 fish individuals was compiled. Of the 138 species initially identified by morphology, the barcodes of 123 species confirm their validity.
Success And Failure Factors Among Jordan Microfund For Women’s Recipients Lubna
(2022-06)
Thaher, Lubna Mohammad Naief
Over the past decades, many attempts have been made to alleviate poverty among women in Jordan through providing microcredit and facilitating financial services. Microfund for Women (MFW) is one of the most widespread, and prominent microfinance institutions in Jordan. Despite these exciting facts, many Jordanian women's enterprises funded by MFW have halted during the past decade due to the high rates of failure of these projects. Jordanian women have recently suffered from a high rate of failure in their Micro and Small-sized Enterprises (MSEs), and has gradually become an important issue following the trial of more than 13,000 Jordanian women for non-payment of their micro-loans. In order to understand further on this phenomenon while investigating how to overcome such issues, this study intends to examine the success and failure factors of women's MSEs to ensure the sustainability of their businesses, thereby empowering these women economically and socially. In this qualitative study, a semi-structured interview method with sixteen open-ended questions was used to collect data from 24 women entrepreneurs funded by MFW in Amman, Jordan. This study found three major factors for the success and failure among Jordan MFW’s recipients, namely: women entrepreneurs, the environment around women entrepreneurs, and micro-financial institutions. This study concludes with the necessity of establishing a comprehensive database for female entrepreneurs, which will guide in developing the necessary policies to promote women's entrepreneurship and thus improve their performance. This study also presented a proposed model to achieve a sustainable strategy for women's MSEs.
Analisis Kemiskinan Bandar: Kajian Kes Golongan B40 Di Petaling Jaya, Selangor
(2022-07)
Siti Nor Ain, Mayan
Setiap negara menginginkan kemiskinan dapat dikurangkan sehingga ke tahap sifar. Namun ia perlu seiring dengan usaha yang berterusan dan pendekatan yang dinamik sesuai dengan perkembangan sosial masyarakat. Kehidupan masyarakat semakin kompleks sehingga menyebabkan golongan berpendapatan rendah atau dikenali sebagai golongan B40 yang hidup ditengah proses urbanisasi semakin terhimpit kerana kos sara hidup yang semakin meningkat setiap hari. Meningkatkan taraf hidup dan pendapatan golongan ini adalah sangat penting untuk mengukuhkan kestabilan ekonomi dan sosial di dalam negara Malaysia. Terdapat empat objektif dalam kajian ini iaitu membentuk profil golongan B40, mengenal pasti tahap pemilikan harta golongan B40 di kawasan bandar, memeta pengelompokkan golongan B40 dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi (GIS), dan membangun kaedah yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup golongan B40 di kawasan bandar. Bagi mencapai objektif kajian, penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Proses temu bual informan dijalankan secara bersemuka dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik. Terdapat tiga kumpulan informan yang pertama terdiri daripada golongan B40 seramai 50 orang yang dipilih secara rawak di lima kawasan bandar terpilih di daerah Petaling Jaya, Selangor. Lima kawasan tersebut ialah Bandar Petaling, Petaling, Sungai Buloh, Damansara dan Bukit Raja.
Hybrid Meta-Heuristic Algorithms For Solving Vehicle Routing Problems
(2021-11)
Sarah Hazwani Binti Adnan
Therefore, a heuristic approach which integrates Fully Informed Particle Swarm (FIPS) with Self-Adaptive Differential Evolution (SaDE) is proposed, namely FIPSaDE. The development of a systematic fleet scheduling system will not only minimize the possible wastage in terms of time and cost; but will also smooth the operations of logistic distribution and helps in managing and achieving long-term resource sustainability.
The Capability Upon Disaster Preparedness Amongst Malaysian Hospitals
(2022-07)
This study is hoped to contribute to the whole process and understanding of disasters that hospitals are called upon to manage. This area requires careful study within the context of institutional theory and organisational learning capability in assessing the factors contributing to hospital preparedness towards disasters as some areas require clarification and further work. This study specifically examined the institutional elements associated with hospital preparedness to manage disasters. The explanatory variables are modelled from the institutional theory where the elements are classified as coercive, mimetic, and normative pressure; and organisational learning capability where the elements are classified as clarity of purpose and mission, leadership commitment and empowerment, experimentation and rewards, transfer of knowledge, and teamwork and group problem-solving. This study used a quantitative approach with correlation research design to answer the research objectives, research questions, and hypotheses stipulated in the study. A total of 100 government hospitals in Malaysia were assessed to understand their level of disaster preparedness during the event of a disaster. SmartPLS was then applied to assess the relationship between the explanatory factors and hospital disaster preparedness. The findings reveal that Malaysian public hospitals are in category B, which requires intervention measures for hospitals to function during and after disasters. The findings also indicate that institutional pressure and organisational learning capability influence hospital disaster preparedness.

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