Publication: Comparisons of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) results evoked by pure tones (PT) and frequency modulated (FM) tones in normal hearing adults
| dc.contributor.author | Pannirselvan, Darshaini | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-02-23T07:38:53Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-02-23T07:38:53Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025-07 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) is a valuable audiological test for assessing the function of outer hair cells and other clinical applications. Stimuli such as pure tones are typically used to record DPOAE. Frequency modulated (FM) tones have recently been introduced as alternative stimuli and are now incorporated into certain commercially available DPOAE devices. However, the extent to which the FM tones surpass the conventional pure tones in effectiveness for DPOAE recordings remains insufficiently established. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the DPOAE results elicited by pure tones and FM tones. The test duration was also compared between the two stimuli. In this study that employed a repeated measures design, 32 healthy young adults (64 ears) were enrolled. All of them demonstrated normal hearing sensitivity and normal middle ear function. The DPOAE testing was carried out using the Sentiero Advanced device (Path Medical, Germany). During the testing, both pure tones and FM tones were presented at 55 dB HL with equal primary tone levels. The DPOAE responses were recorded at frequencies of 1 kHz to 10 kHz under three different noise condition such quiet, 40 dB SPL and 60 dB SPL. The test duration for each stimulus was also recorded. In the quiet condition, PT stimuli produced significantly higher SNR values than FM stimuli at 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 6 kHz, 7 kHz, 8 kHz and 10 kHz (p < 0.05). Under 40 dB SPL, PT showed significantly higher SNR at 1 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 5 kHz, 7 kHz and 8 kHz, whereas FM was significantly higher at 2 kHz (p = 0.014) and 9 kHz (p = 0.019). At 60 dB SPL, PT stimuli produced significantly greater SNR values at 4 kHz (p = 0.001) and 6 kHz (p = 0.047). For amplitude, PT stimuli elicited significantly higher responses at 4 kHz and 5 kHz in both quiet and 40 dB SPL conditions (p < 0.05), while FM was significantly higher only at 8 kHz in the 60 dB SPL condition (p= 0.021). FM stimuli required significantly longer test durations in all conditions where quiet (median = 48.5 s), 40 dB SPL (76.25 s) and 60 dB SPL (183.75 s) compared to PT (38 s, 39 s and 94.25 s respectively, p < 0.001). In conclusion, it appears that the conventional pure tones are still the preferred stimuli for recording DPOAE as it produces emissions with significantly higher amplitudes and higher SNRs in short durations. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://erepo.usm.my/handle/123456789/23649 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.title | Comparisons of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) results evoked by pure tones (PT) and frequency modulated (FM) tones in normal hearing adults | |
| dc.type | Resource Types::text::thesis::bachelor thesis | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oairecerif.author.affiliation | Universiti Sains Malaysia |