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- PublicationThe relationship between food access to fruits and vegetables, body mass index (bmi), and fast-food consumption behaviour among health sciences undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan.(2024)Rosdee, Intan Nor ZaimishaThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between food access to fruits and vegetables, body mass index (BMI), and fast-food consumption behaviour among health sciences undergraduate students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kelantan. This study was a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling technique. Data were collected from March 2024 until May 2024 through online Google Form which consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, food access to fruits and vegetables section and fast-food consumption behaviour section. A total of 99 respondents were participated in this research. Majority of participants were female (77.8%) and Malay (71.7%). Most respondents were students from year 3 from School of Health Sciences (PPSK). The result showed that 89.9% of the respondents do not has any problem in accessing food while only 10.1% does have problem in accessing food. For body mass index (BMI) category, 19.2% was identified as underweight, 47.5% was normal weight, 20.2% was overweight and another 13.1% was identified as obese. Regarding fast-food consumption behaviour, 45.5% of respondents reported that they have high fast-food consumption. However, there is no significant relationship between food access to fruits and vegetables and fast-food consumption behaviour tested using Fisher’s Exact test as p-value > 0.05 (p=0.178). Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between BMI and fast-food consumption behaviour tested by using Pearson’s Chi-Square test as p-value > 0.05 (p=0.866).
- PublicationThe association between caffeine intake and mental health status among undergraduate medical student in Health Campus Of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan.(2024)Najisi, Ika Rafiena MuhamadCaffeine is a widely consumed psychoactive substance, commonly used to enhance alertness and performance, especially among students. The consumption patterns and potential impacts of caffeine on mental health among medical students, who are often under significant academic and psychological stress, are not well understood. This study aimed to explore the association between caffeine intake and mental health status among undergraduate medical students at the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan. This was a cross-sectional study that involved a sample of undergraduate medical students from the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan. Data on caffeine intake and mental health status were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Mental health status was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale for anxiety and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) for depression. SPSS version 27.0 was used to analyse the data. Based on the study finding, 64.1% of the student consumed caffeine, while 35.9% of the student did not consume caffeine. There was no significant association between caffeine status and mental health scoring of GAD-7 (p = 0.478) and PHQ-9 (p = 0.820). The study concluded that there was no significant association between caffeine intake and mental health status, as measured by GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores, among undergraduate medical students at the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia Kelantan. These results indicate that caffeine consumption might not be a major contributing factor to the mental health outcomes in this population. Other factors such as academic stress, cultural influences, smoking habits, economic conditions, and mental health history were not directly examined in this study. Further research is needed to explore other potential factors affecting the mental health of medical students and to understand the broader implications of caffeine consumption.
- PublicationThe association between sugar-sweetened beverages (ssb) consumption, body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage among undergraduate students in USMKK.(2024)Adnan, Anis SurayaSugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption led to an increase in BMI and body fat percentage. Furthermore, increase in SSB consumption could also be related to increases in risk of contracting non-communicable disease (NCD). The objective of this study was to determine the association between SSB, BMI and body fat percentage among undergraduate students in USMKK using simple random sampling method. Validated set of self-administered sociodemographic background, pattern of SSB consumption, BEVQ-15, and measurement for BMI and body fat percentage were utilized in this study. Majority of the participants were female (83.1%) and from Malay ethnicity (70.2%). Participants have a normal body weight (58.40%), with ideal body fat for both male (53.5%) and female (60.4%). Overall, the participants had a low SBB consumption (250mL/ day) with sweet tea (with sugar) being the most consumed. While there was a significant association between SSB consumption and BMI, there was no association for SSB consumption and body fat percentage in this study. In conclusion, this study provides insight into the effect of SSB consumption to university students. Thus, it is important to plan an intervention to reduce SSB consumption so we can maintain a normal BMI and body fat percentage, as well as reducing the risk of contracting NCD.
- PublicationThe association between sociodemographic characteristics and breakfast consumption pattern among undergraduate students of Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.(2024)Noor, Anis Nabila MdThis study identified the association between socio-demographic characteristics and breakfast consumption patterns among undergraduate students at the Health Campus of Universiti Sains Malaysia in Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. The main objective is to determine the association between sociodemographic characteristics and breakfast consumption patterns among students. A cross-sectional study was carried out among undergraduate students in, utilizing a questionnaire distributed to a sample of undergraduate students. The respondents were recruited through convenience sampling and 116 responses were included in the analysis, utilizing a structured questionnaire in collecting data. Among the 116 respondents, a majority were female (94%) and Malay (75%), with ages ranging from 19 to 28 years. Most participants were in their first, second and third year of study, and 97.4% lived in hostels. In term of breakfast consumption patterns, the study found that a considerable proportion (55.2%) consumed breakfast fewer than three times a week, with the preferred timing between 8:00 and 10:00 AM. Additionally, 75% of students spent between RM2 and RM5 on breakfast, and 65.5% preferred consuming it at home or in their hostel. The study findings indicate no significant association between several sociodemographic parameters, such as age, daily food budget, and sponsorship during studies, with breakfast consumption patterns among university students. However, other parameters show significant associations with breakfast consumption patterns. Among them, a statistically significant association was found between ethnicity and the frequency of breakfast consumption per week (p value=0.001). Lastly, it is important to promote healthy breakfast habits among university students, considering socio-demographic factors.
- PublicationAssessment of nutrient profile of school meal program in primary school in Kota Bharu, Kelantan.(2024)Ibrahim, Abdul ThaqifThe study used a non-probability sampling method, specifically convenience sampling techniques. Four schools with the school meal program were chosen at random from the 92 that met the inclusion criteria. The four primary schools selected for this study, which demonstrated different dietary patterns, are located in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. All food samples over ten school days were analyzed for calorie, protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, calcium, iron, and folate (Vitamin B-9) content. Most of the meals provided were rice-based, such as rice porridge, chicken rice, Chinese fried rice, villager’s fried rice, chicken curry rice, coconut milk rice, and paprika rice. The range of calories, protein, carbohydrates, and fat per serving for each school was 320-484 kcal, 13-22 g, 34-75.1 g, and 9-13.3 g. The meals provided under the Rancangan Makanan Tambahan (RMT) contained high amounts of energy and carbohydrates but low protein content. The recommended amounts of energy, protein, carbohydrates, and fat per serving for breakfast were 300-400 kcal, 25-40 g, 45-60 g, and less than 20 g for fat. The targeted nutritional intervention recommends schools enhance calcium and dietary fibre intake, as these nutrients were frequently deficient in the assessed meals, while decreasing total energy, carbohydrate, and fat, particularly in high-calorie and fatty dishes. Diversifying meal options by including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are suggested for school canteens, as ensures balanced macronutrient distribution with lean proteins, complex carbohydrates, and healthy fats. High-sugar and high-fat foods should be served less frequently to help control calorie intake and promote healthier eating habits.