Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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Translating and adapting children’s home inventory for listening difficulties (C.H.I.L.D) questionnaire into Malay version
(2025-07)
Ramli, Tuan Norsyarafina Tuan
Listening is vital for a child’s development in communication, learning, and social skills. The Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (CHILD) questionnaire is a parent-report tool originally developed in English to assess children’s listening behaviors in daily environments. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the reliability of the CHILD questionnaire for use with Malayspeaking parents of children aged 3 to 12 years. A six-step process was used to translate and adapt the CHILD questionnaire into Malay: (1) forward translation by two independent translators, (2) backward translation by two different translators, (3) review by a bilingual expert panel, (4) evaluation by clinicians and language experts, (5) revision based on expert feedback, and (6) pilot testing with 50 Malay-speaking parents to ensure clarity and cultural suitability. The internal consistency of the Malay version was high, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.932, indicating that the items reliably measured the same underlying concept. Test–retest reliability was also strong, with an average Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.956, showing that responses were stable over time. Children showed better listening performance in quiet and social situations, and more difficulty in noisy environments. These findings are consistent with international studies, including the Turkish version of the questionnaire. These results suggest that the translated Malay version maintains the original tool’s reliability and effectively captures listening challenges in different daily situations. The Malay CHILD questionnaire is therefore a reliable and culturally appropriate instrument for clinical and research use in Malaysia, offering professionals meaningful insights into children’s everyday listening experiences based on parental observation.
Comparisons of masseter evoked myogenic potential (MVEMP) between 500 HZ tone burst and narrowband cechirp (centered at 500 HZ stimuli) in healthy adults
(2025-07)
Rosji, Nurul Anis Nabila
The masseter vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMP) are a novel approach in vestibular assessment that has gained growing interest among researchers. This short-latency biphasic response helps to detect vestibular dysfunctions, involving the saccule and inferior vestibular nerve. Despite its potential, factors like stimulus type in mVEMP, remain insufficiently explored. This study aimed to compare mVEMP responses elicited by 500 Hz tone burst and narrowband CE-Chirp stimuli in healthy adults. This cross-sectional study recruited 23 healthy adults, with normal hearing and vestibular functions. The mVEMP responses were recorded using 500 Hz TB and NB CE-Chirp stimuli at an intensity level of 120 dB peSPL. Each stimulus was presented twice to obtain an averaged response, and recordings were made from the masseter muscle to determine P1-N1 amplitude and P1 and N1 latency components. The NB CE-Chirp produced a significantly larger mean P1-N1 amplitude (115.05 μV) than that of the 500 Hz TB (100.45 μV) (p = 0.003). The mean P1 latency (9.13 ms) and mean N1 latency (15.20 ms) were statistically shorter for the NB CEChirp stimulus compared to those of the 500 Hz TB (15.29 ms and 20.80 ms for P1 and N1 latencies, respectively) (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate a statistically significant effect of the stimulus type on mVEMP responses. In conclusion, compared to the 500 Hz TB, the NB CE-Chirp appears to be a more effective stimulus for eliciting robust mVEMP responses.
A preliminary study on translating, adapting, and assessing nursery teachers’ knowledge and attitudes towards childhood hearing loss in Malaysia
(2025-07)
Said, Nurul Aina Syafiqa Mohd
This preliminary study aimed to adapt, translate, and validate a hearing-related questionnaire to assess nursery teachers’ knowledge and attitudes in Malaysia about childhood hearing loss. The English version of the questionnaire was translated into Malay and administered to 25 female nursery teachers in Kelantan through both online and face-to-face distribution. The translation process involved forward, and backward translations carried out by two bilingual translators from the School of Languages, Literacies, and Translation, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and one TESL student from Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. Content validity was evaluated by two expert panels (an audiologist and an educational administrator), achieving excellent results with Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI) scores of 1.00 for relevance and cultural suitability, and 0.94 for clarity. Reliability testing yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.69 for both knowledge and attitude scales, indicating moderate internal consistency. The participants consisted mainly of SPM and Diploma holders with varying teaching experience. Statistical analysis, as determined by One-Way ANOVA, showed no significant differences in knowledge or attitudes based on educational level or teaching experience (p > 0.05). For the knowledge scale, items were scored as Yes = 1, No/Not Sure = 0, with mean scores falling below 1.0, indicating limited knowledge. For the attitude scale, items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale (Strongly Disagree = 1 to Strongly Agree = 5), with average scores slightly below 4, reflecting moderate but not strongly positive attitudes. These findings suggest that the adapted Malay questionnaire is a culturally appropriate tool for future research and highlight the need for targeted professional development in hearing health awareness among early childhood educators.
Determination of acoustic radiation using radioear B81 bone conductor among Malaysian healthy adults
(2025-07)
Hashim, Nurnadanadhira
Bone conduction (BC) audiometry is an important clinical hearing test in determining the type of hearing loss. However, the presence of acoustic radiation (AR) produced by the bone conductor, especially at high frequencies, may compromise the validity of the hearing threshold results. This study aimed to determine the presence and influence of acoustic radiation when using the Radioear B81 bone conductor among Malaysian healthy adults. 35 participants between the ages of 18 and 30 years with normal hearing and normal middle ear function were recruited. Bone conduction thresholds were recorded in two conditions: unoccluded (open ear canal) and occluded (closed ear canal) at high frequencies: 2kHz, 3kHz, 4kHz, 6kHz, and 8kHz. The results revealed differences in BC thresholds that were statistically significant between occluded and unoccluded conditions at 3kHz, 6kHz, and 8kHz (p < 0.05), with no significant differences at 2kHz and 4kHz. Similarly, the air-bone gap (ABG) values exhibited significant reductions at 3kHz, 6kHz, and 8kHz when the ear canal was occluded, indicating the presence of acoustic radiation on the BC measures in the unoccluded condition. These findings support the hypothesis where acoustic radiation can lead to artificial BC thresholds and false ABGs, particularly at high frequencies. This study highlights the necessity of considering acoustic radiation in BC testing using the B81 transducer and suggests that clinicians should consider occlusion procedures in high-frequency BC testing for more valid audiological tests.
The pattern of personal listening device (PLD) use among university students and its impact on hearing status
(2025)
Amin, Nur Shamin Adriana Mohd
This study investigated the patterns of PLD use among university students and examined its potential impact on hearing status. PLD usage has become nearly universal in this population, especially among individuals aged 20 to 25, who often use these devices for academic and leisure purposes. A cross-sectional survey and hearing assessment were conducted involving university students to evaluate their listening behaviours, volume preferences, and the relationship to hearing outcomes. Data were collected through questionnaires and hearing assessments including pure tone audiometry (PTA) with extended high-frequency thresholds at 12kHz and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). Results showed that while most students perceived their listening volume as moderate, with many exceeded the safe listening level, particularly in noisy environments. A significant portion of participants who preferred higher volume levels and longer daily usage showed elevated thresholds at 12kHz and reduced DPOAE results, indicating early cochlear changes. Particularly, 32.3% reported difficulty hearing in noisy environments despite normal PTA results, suggesting the presence of hidden hearing loss. These findings highlight a gap between perceived and actual safe listening practices among young adults and underscore the importance of education on hearing conservation. The study recommends incorporating high-frequency PTA and DPOAE in routine hearing screenings for early detection of auditory damages and NIHL.

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