Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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    Stress and coping strategies of patients receiving chemotherapy at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.
    (2016)
    Ismail, Hasnida
    Stress is defined as a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being. While, coping strategies defined as constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external and/or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between stress and coping strategies of patient receiving chemotherapy at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM). A cross-sectional survey was using a set of self-administered questionnaire from the combination of Perceived Stress Scale and Ways Coping Strategies. A total of 110 respondents were involved in this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 and Chi-square test was used to analyze descriptive data. All the respondent involved in this study were from ward 1 Timur Depan, 3 Selatan, and Radiotherapy and Oncology Department (NROD) in HUSM, age ranged from 18 to 85 years old (M =51.82, SD = 15.086), which shows majority of female patients with 71 (64.5%) and monthly income RM501-RM2000 have the highest participant which is 41 (37.3%) from the total participants. This study revealed that there was a significant association between the level of stress and coping strategies (p=0.002) and there were no significant association between selected demographic data (age (p=0.068), gender (p=0.662), and monthly income (p=0.094) with level of stress. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy experienced moderate level of stress symptom. However different coping strategies were adopted to cope with their illness, chemotherapy treatment, practical and family problems, emotional and physical symptoms. In future research, investigation of interactions between the impact of individual coping strategies and specific stressors will reveal more about the dimensionality, as well the nature of coping in general.
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    The Evaluation of Internet Addiction on Physical Activity and Weight Status among Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur.
    (2016)
    Hashim, Hani Shifaa Mohd
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of internet addiction in relation to physical activity and weight status among adolescents in Kuala Lumpur. A cross-sectional survey was carried out by using a multistage sampling approach, 121 number of adolescents were recruited from five secondary schools in Kuala Lumpur. Their body weight and height were taken and calculated for body mass index (BMI), their physical activity level was measured by using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Barriers to physical activity was assessed by using domain barriers in International Physical Activity and Network (IPEN) questionnaire. Half of the respondents were given accelerometer GT3X-BT to measure their steps. The level of internet addiction was measured by using Malay Version of Internet Addiction Test (MVIAT). Mean age of respondent was ±15.85 and mean BMI was 22.2 Kg/m2 Out of . 121 numbers of respondent 27.4% was overweight, 69.4% was normal and 4.2% was underweight. As for physical activity, 3.3% of the respondent were classified as active and 58.7% were classified as inactive by using PAQ-A. While when using accelerometer 76.7% of the respondents were classified as inactive and 23% of the respondents were classified as active. Only 0.8% of the respondents were classified as excessive internet users, 15. 7% as moderate users and 83.5% were low users of internet. There are a significant correlation between level of internet addiction and reduced physical activity level,
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    The development of real-time pcr for the detection of bacteraemia.
    (2016)
    Shieng, Gooi Choo
    Bacteraemia occurs when bacteria invade the bloodstream. It is associated with inflammatory response such as fever, increased heart rate, hypotension, breathing difficulty, and may lead to multiple organ failures or subsequent death. Bacteraemia has mortality rate, ranging from-to -with nearly one-quarter to about two-third fatality cases. Early detection of bacteraemia is important in cl
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    Expression and purification of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase recombinant protein of avian influenza a virus using immobilised metal affinity chromatography (imac).
    (2016)
    Chiang, Goh Wei
    Avian influenza A virus is a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. It has an envelope of 120nm in diameter. It has 8 segmented negative-sense RNA. There are two major proteins that play important roles in virus infectivity which are hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Influenza A virus are able to undergo antigenic drift and antigenic shift. The gene sequence in the virus is replicated by error-prone RNA polymerase. All these leads to the emergence of new subtype of influenza A virus that expressed different HA and NA glycoprotein. Consequently, the burden of influenza epidemics is approximately 3-5 million cases and results in 300,000-500,000 deaths globally. Thus, conserved region in HA and NA glycoprotein are important as it can be used for future development of universal influenza vaccine (UIV) or detection kit. In this study, the gene that encodes for the conserved regions in HA and NA glycoprotein of avian influenza A virus were expressed using bacterial expressing system. The recombinant sequence were firstly verified and confirmed the sequence from NCBI genebank. pET-47b(+) plasmid that contains synthetic HA and NA gene were transformed into BL21 E.coli strain. The transformed E.coli was induced with IPTG to produce desired HA and NA recombinant proteins. The His-tagged NA and HA protein were purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Recombinant protein present in the eluted fraction was further purified by size exclusion method. Purified recombinant protein was dialyzed with PBS to allow refolding back to its native conformation state. In conclusion, recombinant HA and NA were successfully expressed and purified.
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    Diffusion tensor imaging and fibre tractography of leukoaraiosis.
    (2016)
    Hanapi, Fatin Ayuni
    Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an important technique in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is utilized in brain imaging . DTI detects and measures mobility of water molecules in biological cells. It also provides scalar indices which is mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Futhermore, the neuron fibre bundles can be visualized by using special technique in DTI, namely fibre tractography. Leukoaraiosis is a type of abnormal appearance in the white area of human brain and this region appears hyperintense on T2- weighted and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) images. It is commonly found in normal elderly which is related to ischemic stroke and cerebrovascular disease. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the DTI parametric maps and fibre tractography and measure the DTI values and number of fibres in corpus callosum(CC) and corticospinal tract(CST). It is also to compare the FA and MD values obtained between right and left of CST. The subject had leukoaraiosis at right side frontal white matter region and data analysis was acquired by using commercial software, NordicICE Version 2.3.13. MD. FA, and colour coded FA maps and fibre tractography were constructed. Region of interest were located at corpus callosum and at right and left side of corticospinal tract. For CST no differences was found for MD and FA values at both sides. Fibre tractography showed right CST have 17.4% lesser number of fibers compared to left CST. Whereas, for corpus callosum the MD value is 96.52 ± 30.34 and FA is 0.56 ± 0.19 with 11451 number of fibres. In conclusion, DTI parametric maps and fibre tractography has been reconstructed, DTI values and number of fibres in CC and CST also can be measured. The comparison of DTI values between right and left side of CST was successfully obtained.