Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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The effect of various pm a concentrations on the differentiation of u937 cells.
(2016)
Marhalim, Siti Zulaiha
Sei U937 diperoleh daripada pesakit limfoma ‘histiositik’ lelaki yang berumur 37 tahun. Sel-sel ini telah digunakan secara meluas sebagai model 'in vitro ’ kerana ia dapat mengekalkan semua ciri ‘monoblastik’ daripada monosit, termasuk keupayaan untuk berubah kepada makrofaj selepas dirangsang dengan phorbol-12-myristate 13-asetat (PMA). Kajian sebelum ini menyatakan bahawa , sei yang berubah menjadi makrofaj akan sepenuhnya bertukar dan memperoleh ciri-ciri dan mempamerkan pelbagai sifat makrofaj yang tipikal. Kajian ini, bertujuan untuk mencari kepekatan antibodi antiCD 14 optimum untuk melabelkan sei U937, menilai daya maju sei dengan menggunakan Trypan biru dan mengkaji pengekspresan pertumbuhan sei CD 14, CD11 dan HLA-DR pada permukaan sei selepas dirangsang dengan PMA. Sel-sel U937 telah dikultur dalam media ‘Roswell Institut Memorial Park’ lengkap (RPMI-1640) dan ditinggalkan dalam inkubator yang mengandungi 5% CO2 pada 37°C. Sel-sel U937 yang matang (2 x 106 sei / ml) dikulturkan dalam bekas yang mengandungi 24 lubang kecil dengan ketiadaan atau kehadiran 10 ng/ml dan 100 ng/ml PMA, LPS dan IL-4 selama 0, 24 dan 48 jam. Permukaan sei dinilai dalam cecair atas menggunakan antibodi anti-CD14, anti-CDllb dan anti-HLA-DR oleh flow cytometri. Kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengekspresan CD 14, CDllb dan HLA-DR di permukaan sei boleh di kesan melalui sitometer. Penemuan ini menunjukkan bahawa sei U937 boleh berubah ke dalam makrofaj terhadap rangsangan.
Voltammetric determination of lead in gunshot residue samples.
(2016)
Hussin, Siti Zanariah
Gunshot residue (GSR) produced from the ignition and combustion of mixture of combustible materials in an ammunition mainly consists of three major elements namely lead (Pb), antimony (Sb) and barium (Ba). It can be analyzed using various techniques such as Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and in this work anodic stripping voltammetric technique was successfully used to detect the concentration of Pb in the sample by application of an electrical potential. The voltammetric parameters used to analyse the sample include stirrer speed at 2000 rpm, equilibrium time at 5 min, pulse amplitude at 50 mV, start potential at -1500 mV, voltage step time at 0.6 s, sweep rate at 10 mV/s, under differential pulse mode. Concentrations of Pb on the cloth targets and cartridge were analysed using voltammetry. The results showed that concentrations of Pb found at the different locations of the targets with a range of 2.677 ±0.106 ppb to 34.09 ± 0.1 14 ppb whereas 66.010 ± 0.229 ppb to 376.700 ± 2.435 ppb in cartridge samples. The concentration of Pb in (GSR) on the cloth target was compared between voltammetric techniques and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) technique, showed that the concentration of Pb obtained using former technique is higher than latter.
Detection of ketamine in human plasma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC)- A Preliminary Study.
(2016)
Ali, Siti Zafira Mat
Ketamine was one of the new psychoactive substance (NPS) which is increasingly abused nowadays. The aim of this study was to detect the ketamine in human plasma by two different chromatographic methods of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) for ketamine in human plasma was used for both methods. In HPLC analysis of ketamine, the stationary phase for HPLC separation of ketamine and internal standard, morphine in human plasma was C18 column (150 X 4.6 mm I. D, particle size 2.7 pm) and the mobile phase consist of 23% acetonitrile and 77% phosphate buffer with pH 7.2. The HPLC system was equipped with photodiode array (PDA) detector. The optimization of chromatographic conditions was done by varying the flow rate of mobile phase and different concentration of drug standard. Flow rate 1.0 ml/min was chosen and the lowest concentration of ketamine that can be detected by the HPLC Waters 2695 Separation Module was 5 pg/ml. The optimization of extraction was done by varying the types of solvents used for extraction of drug from plasma. The percentage recoveries obtained for the solvents used in this study was more than 100%. In TLC analysis of ketamine in human plasma, the stationary phase was HPTLC Silica gel 60 F254. The analysis was done by varying the liquid-liquid extraction methods and varying the mobile phase. The good separation of ketamine was achieved using acid-back liquid extraction method and mobile phase consist of ethyl acetate: methanol: concentrated ammonia solution 28% (8.5:1:0.5). The Rf value calculated was 0.92 and the lowest concentration for ketamine in plasma that can be detected was 10 pg/ml. Ketamine was detectable with TLC and HPLC methods. The optimization of liquidliquid extraction for HPLC analysis was required in future studies.
Human intestinal parasites on body surfaces of cockroaches at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Health Campus.
(2016)
Sabri, Siti Umi Sahirah Mohd
In developed countries, human intestinal parasites are often neglected by the communities. This study aimed to screen for human intestinal parasites found on body surfaces of cockroaches at Desasiswa Nurani hostel USM Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. A total of 127 cockroaches were caught at four different locations using modified empty jar, commercial cockroach trap and hand gloves. Between the two species of cockroaches, the dominant species was Periplaneta americana (125/127; 98.4%) followed by Blattella germanica (2/127; 1.6%). Four or five cockroaches were grouped in each 50 ml tube to obtain a total of 26 groups. A solution of 0.9% normal saline was used to dislodge the parasites from body surfaces of the cockroaches by using vortex. After removing the cockroaches, the solution was centrifuged to obtain the pellet, which was then stained separately with trichrome or modified acid-fast stain. Subsequently, the parasites were screened using a light microscope under low and high magnification. In addition, DNA detection of Entamoeba histolytica was performed using an in-house duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The assay was incorporated with Plasmodium falciparum gene as the internal control to rule out false negative results. The microscopy results showed that neither helminth ova and larva nor protozoa cysts and trophozoites were observed in the samples. However, 34.6% (9/26) groups of cockroaches were found to harbour Strongyloides stercoralis. Interestingly, PCR analysis revealed that all the samples were negative for E. histolytica. In conclusion, neither helminth ova nor protozoa cyst or trophozoite were found in the samples. However, some samples contained rhabditiform larvae and free-living adult of S. stercoralis.
Knowledge and practices towards hand hygiene among pediatric nurses in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
(2016)
Rani, Siti Nurshafiqiah Khazini Mohd
The most important factor in the prevention and control of nocosomial infections is with appropriate hand hygiene practice by healthcare workers. Knowledge and practices towards hand hygiene is essential in order to enhance the prevention or reduction of health care associated infections. The objective of this descritive and crosssectional study was to identify knowledge and practices towards hand hygiene among pediatric nurses in Hospital USM. A total of 66 respondents were selected using purposive sampling method. The data was obtained using a self-administered questionnaire which consisted of three sections. In section A there were five demographic characteristics, in section B and C there were nine with a 5-Likert type questionnaires in each to determine respondents’ level of knowledge and practices on hand hygiene. The data were processed with SPSS version 22.0 to analyze descriptive statistics, Chi Square test and Spearman rho’s correlation for answering the research questions. This study showed that respondents’ had excellent level of knowledge (70% excellent and 30% good knowledge level) and excellent practice level of hand hygiene (70% excellent and 30% good practice level). However, there was no significant relationship between socio-demographic variables and knowledge level (p>0.01) towards hand hygiene. But there was a significant correlation between knowledge and practices (r =1.000, p< 0.01). This showed that there was positive relationship between the respondents’ knowledge and practices whereby higher knowledge associated with excellent practices of hand hygiene. Overall, the findings of this study revealed that nurses must have good knowledge and practice level to sustain good hand hygiene to prevent cross infections in wards.

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