Pusat Pengajian Sains Kesihatan - Monograf

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    The acute effects of high intensity resistance training on Resting energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio In overweight and obese women.
    (2017-05)
    Bakar, Nurul Shuhada Abu
    The aim of the study is to investigate the acute effects of high intensity resistance training (HIRT) on resting energy expenditure (REE) and respiratory ratio (RER) in overweight and obese, non-trained women. Eight participants with mean age of 36.9±3.9 years volunteered for this research. They were divided into two groups which is HIRT group (n=4) and Control group (n=4). The HIRT group performed three exercises - inclined bench press, leg press and lat pull. The exercise consist of 3 sets with 6 reps followed by 20 sec rest, 2 or 3 reps followed by 20 sec rest and another 2 or 3 reps and rest for 2 min and 30 sec before the next exercise. The Control group maintained their usual routine. Using indirect calorimetry, metabolic gases were assessed in both HIRT and Control groups in using Cortex MetaMax3B portable metabolic system (MM3B, Leipzig, Germany). The measurements provided RER and variables required to calculate REE (kcal/day). Another metabolic gas assessment was conducted in the HIRT group 24 hours postexercise. For comparison of REE at baselines between groups, there were no significant differences detected. However, HIRT group showed increased REE, from 1890.7±520.7 significant changes in RER (p=0.22) 24 hours post-exercise in HIRT group. In conclusion, our study suggests that the short HIRT session may increase REE 24 hours change
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    Effects of load carrying training on core Strength, balance and jumping mechanics of Female reserve officer training unit cadets.
    (2017-06)
    Jaapar, Siti Hawa Zulaikha (2017)
    Carrying a backpack imposes stress to the back of the body and lower limbs. In Reserve Officer Training Unit (ROTU), carrying a backpack with load is a must as it was included in the training drafted by the Malaysian Armed Forces. This study examined the effects of weight training on the core strength, balance and jumping mechanics in 20 female ROTU cadets (Backpack group = 10, Control group = 10). Both groups undergone 6 weeks with twice a week of physical training, performing a 2.4 km run, 3 sets of jumping jacks (20 reps each set) and 3 sets of squats (10 reps each set). The Backpack group earned a military issue backpack with a total weight of 8 kg while the Control group carried nothing. Four tests were done prior and after the training sessions which were, Modified Plank Test to assess core strength; Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) to assess static balance; Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) to assess dynamic balance and Drop Vertical Jump test to assess the jumping mechanics through the evaluation of Frontal Plane Projection Angle (FPPA) of the knee joint. There were no statistically significant differences in the core strength, static balance and FPPA when comparing between the two groups at pre- and post-training. There was statistically significant difference in the dynamic balance between the two groups at pre-training, but no statistically significant difference at post-training. These results suggest that training with backpacks with a load of 8 kg does not have any major effects on the core strength, static and dynamic balance, and jumping mechanics of female ROTU cadets.
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    Comparison of crude soluble antigen (CSA)- elisa and excretory secretory antigen (ESA)- elisa for serodiagnosis of invasive amoebiasis in selected orang asli serum samples
    (2017-05)
    Salim, Muhammad Syahmii Mohamed
    Amoebiasis is an infection caused by protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica which is responsible for about 100,000 deaths per year and it is the second leading cause of death due to protozoan parasites after malaria. Invasive amoebiasis can be categorized into either intestinal amoebiasis or extraintestinal amoebiasis, and the most common manifestation of invasive amoebiasis is amoebic liver abscess (ALA). At Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (Hospital USM), diagnosis of ALA relies on a combination of clinical findings, ultrasound examination of the liver and serodiagnosis using commercial kit such as indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) technique. ELISA is a quantitative, routine laboratory assay which is simple to perform, sensitive and reliable. CSA is widely used in ELISA for serodiagnosis of ALA and also in commercial IHA test kit, while ESA was reported to be highly sensitive in recent studies. In this preliminary study, we compared CSA-ELISA and ESA-ELISA in relation to the standard commercial IHA test. Prior to performing ELISA, we screened selected Orang Asli serum samples by IHA with cutoff at 1:256 and obtained 33 positive samples and 30 negative samples. Based on the cutoff value of mean optical density + 2SD, CSA-ELISA showed 90.9% positive agreement (sensitivity), while ESA ELISA only showed 60.6% positive agreement. In contrast, both CSA-ELISA and ESAELISA showed over 96% negative agreement (specificity).
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    Isolation and identification of pathogenic leptospira spp from environmental samples during and after 2017 flood in Kelantan
    (2017-05)
    Katman, Mohammad Salihen
    Leptospirosis is a zoonosis found worldwide, the main reservoir is the rat. Human infection generally results from exposure to contaminated river or lake or animals. The outbreak of leptospirosis around the world has been associated with heavy rainfall and flooding. These extreme weather events increase the risk of leptospirosis to those who live within Leptospira-contaminated environments and also the magnitude of outbreaks. The study aimed to isolate and identify the presence of pathogenic Leptospira spp in an environmental sample during the flood (52 samples) and after the flood (52 samples) from three districts which were Tumpat, Pasir Mas and Kota Bharu. The sample was cultured and enriched in liquid EMJH, a selective media for Leptospira followed by dark-field microscope (DFM) observation to determine the positive morphology of Leptospira. PCR targeting LipL32 were performed, which is present only in pathogenic Leptospira spp. Findings revealed 35 positive samples (67 %) during the flood for Leptospira under DFM: 19 from Tumpat, 10 from Pasir Mas and 6 from Kota Bharu. Four samples: 3 from Tumpat and 1 from Pasir Mas were detected as pathogenic Leptospira. Meanwhile, an amount of 32 samples (62 %) after the flood was found as positive for Leptospira under DFM: 15 from Tumpat, 6 from Pasir Mas and 11 from Kota Bharu. Eighth samples: 4 from Tumpat, 3 from Pasir Mas and 1 from Kota Bharu were detected as pathogenic Leptospira. Therefore, this study successfully isolated and identified pathogenic Leptospira spp in environmental samples affected by flood.
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    Effects of brisk walking on plasma lipoprotein(a), waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females
    (2017-06)
    Hisham, Nurul Shafiqah Kamarul
    Introduction: Obesity has become a global epidemic and represents a major public health challenge of getting chronic diseases. Physical activity is a major modifiable determinant of chronic diseases. To our knowledge, studies about the effects of brisk walking on plasma lipoprotein(a), waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females in Malaysia is scarce. Objective: To investigate the effects of 6 weeks of brisk walking programme on plasma lipoprotein(a) level, waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females. Methods: 38 overweight and obese females with age ranged from 20 to 35 years old were randomly assigned into 2 groups: control group (C) and brisk walking group (BW). Pretest and post-test were carried out to measure participants’ body anthropometry, waist circumference, resting blood pressure and blood sample for lipoprotein(a) level measurement. During 6 weeks of study period, participants in C group were required to carry out their usually sedentary lifestyle and they were informed to avoid any other training programme and continue their normal diet. Participants in BW group performed the brisk walking exercise for 2.2 km with intensity of 55%-75% of participants’ maximum heart rate per session, 3 sessions per week for 6 weeks. They were also required to continue their normal diet during brisk walking programme. Results: After 6 weeks of intervention, plasma lipoprotein(a) level were significantly reduced in both C group and BW group (p<0.001). There was also a significant decrease in waist circumference (p<0.001) in BW group. BW group also showed significant reduction in both resting systolic blood pressure and resting diastolic blood pressure at p<0.001. Resting blood pressure also indicated a significant difference between BW group and C group at post-test (p<0.05). Conclusion: 6 weeks of brisk walking programme with 2.2 km per session, 3 sessions per week reduces waist circumference and resting blood pressure in overweight and obese females. Therefore, brisk walking exercise can be recommended for overweight and obese females to reduce risk of getting chronic diseases.