Publication: In vitro screening of piper sarmentosum ethanol extract for selective anticancer activity
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Date
2025-01
Authors
Zulkifli, Natasya
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Abstract
Cancer is a serious global health issue. This study investigates on the specific anticancer efficacy of Piper sarmentosum ethanol extract, a medicinal plant used in Southeast Asia. The extract's cytotoxic effects were evaluated in vitro on three malignant cell lines: HeLa (human cervical cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer), and Glioma (human brain cancer). The study also examined its effects on two non-malignant cell lines, Vero (normal kidney epithelial cells) and WLR-68 (normal human liver cells). To assess cell viability, IC50 values were established using the MTT test. The extract demonstrated significant anticancer action, with IC50 values showing greater selectivity for malignant cells than non-malignant ones. Phytochemical research confirmed the existence of bioactive substances with medicinal potential, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. The ethanol was used as extraction solvent due to its many advantages such as less toxic and have high polarity. The results demonstrated that P. sarmentosum extract has lower IC50 (2.20±1.10 μg/mL) for DBTRG cell line than Hela (44.18±15.60 μg/mL) and MCF-7 (29.95±1.20 μg/mL) cell lines. Comparing to the cytotoxicity effect of the extract towards non-malignant cell lines, the extract showed highest cytotoxic towards Vero cell line with IC50 value of (0.44±1.00 μg / mL) but no IC50 value detected on WLR-68 cell line. The saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids were presented but tannis was absent. The extract demonstrated substantial anticancer action, with IC50 values showing greater selectivity for malignant cells than non-malignant ones These findings demonstrate the potential of P. sarmentosum ethanol extract as an alternative and complementary cancer treatment, underlining its promising position in natural product-based therapies. Future research is recommended to better understand the mechanisms underlying its anticancer efficacy and to assess its therapeutic application
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