Publication: Asymmetrical porous polycaprolactone/ silver nanoparticle-hydroxyapatite composite membrane for periodontal guided bone regeneration
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Date
2023-08-01
Authors
Bee Soo Ling
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Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure using barrier membrane is the most common method used to treat periodontal defects in clinical practice. Nevertheless, the currently available GBR membranes are still suffer from few drawbacks, including their lack of crucial properties such as suitable surface morphology, antibacterial and bioactivity to aid periodontal regeneration. Therefore, this research aimed to fabricate a novel asymmetrical porous polycaprolactone/silver nanoparticle-hydroxyapatite barrier membrane that possess bioactivity and antibacterial properties to overcome the shortcoming of conventional GBR membrane. Briefly, hydroxyapatite (HAp) with optimum physio-chemical properties was successfully extracted from fish bone waste via calcination approach at 650 oC. Thereafter, pandan leaf extract was used to induce the in-situ synthesis of silver nanoparticle-hydroxyapatite (AgNPs-HAp) composite through a green bioreduction approach in silver nitrate solution. The influence of filler loading content and filler types on the surface morphological, mechanical, surface hydrophilicity, swelling, degradation, in vitro bioactivity, antibacterial, biocompatibility and cell barrier properties of the resulting membranes were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that all composite membranes displayed an asymmetric “macro-micro porous” surface morphology regardless of their filler type and content added. Compared to pure PCL membrane, incorporation of HAp or AgNPs-HAp also significantly enhances the bioactivity of PCL membrane, in which the AgNPs-HAp filler have better impact for enhancing the bioactivity of membrane over HAp filler. After 56 days of degradation period, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of all prepared composite membranes were maintained at range of 1.36−1.93 MPa and 10.4−14.9 MPa. Meanwhile, all PCL/AgNPs-HAp composite membranes showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, while only PCL/AgNPs-HAp composite membranes with AgNPs-HAp content > 5 pphr showed antibacterial property against S. aureus. The addition of AgNPs-HAp filler also improved the attachment of Saos-2 cells on the surface of membrane. Furthermore, all PCL/AgNPs-HAp composite membranes showed the ability to inhibit the penetration of fibroblast cells in a period of at least 28 days. Due to the suitable mechanical, biodegradability, bioactivity, antibacterial properties, biocompatibility and cell barrier property along with the unprecedented “macro-micro porous” membrane’s morphological structure that meet the requirement for GBR, the developed asymmetrical porous PCL/AgNPs-HAp composite membrane has the potential to be applied for periodontal GBR application.