Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral - Tesis
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- PublicationUrea Adsorption By Activated Carbon Derived From Oil Palm Kernel Shell And Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber(2014-06)Ooi, Chee HeongThe present hemodialysis treatment is expensive and seriously affects the life of a patient due to its low effectiveness and efficiency in uremic toxin removal. Thus, nanoporous materials are needed to improve the treatment. Palm kernel shell (pks) and empty fruit bunch (efb) fiber biomass from palm oil mills can be utilized to synthesize low cost nanoporous activated carbon (ac) which can be applied in artificial kidney system for urea adsorption. In this study, granular activated carbon (gac) was synthesized from pks via different carbonization temperatures and durations as well as the sulfuric acid (h2so4) treatment. Activated carbon fiber (acf) was derived from efb via the treatment with different acid impregnation ratios followed by the carbonization and co2 gas activation at 900°c.
- PublicationPreparation And Properties Of Polypropylene/Waste Tyre Dust/Short Glass Fibre (Pp/Wtd/Sgf) Composites(2017-05)Zainal, ZuriatiPolypropylene/ waste tyre dust/ short glass fibre (pp/wtd/sgf) composites were meltmixed in an internal mixer at 180 °c and 50 rpm rotor speed. Four series of composites with various compositions were prepared using wtd of 250-500 pm and at different 5, 10, 15 and 20 php sgf loading. Characterization was done to determine the properties of the composites and thus to study the effects of sgf loading, the incorporation of silane coupling agent, y-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (y-aps) and dynamic vulcanization (dv), the hybridization of sgf with carbon black (cb) and silica on processing characteristics, mechanical properties, morphology, swelling resistance and thermal properties of the composites. The incorporation of sgf at various loadings exhibited increased equilibrium processing torque, young’s modulus, tensile strength and thermal stability while elongation at break (eb) and swelling resistance decreased as the sgf loading increased in pp/wtd/sgf composites. Poor interfacial adhesion between sgf and pp/wtd matrix was depicted in the sem analysis. In the meantime, the addition of y-aps, and dv revealed the increased of equilibrium torque, tensile properties except eb and swelling resistance of pp/wtd/sgf composites.
- PublicationSynthesis, Characterization And Properties Of Silver Nanoparticles And Silver/Polyaniline Nanocomposites(2015)Rajasingam, RatnamalarSilver/polyaniline (ag/pani) nanocomposites are promising materials due to improved properties enabling various applications to date. In this work, a comparative study on the citrate reduction of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was carried out to investigate the combinations of trilithium citrate (tc) along with ascorbic acid (aa) and d-sorbitol (ds) in reducing silver nitrate (sn). The influence of varying concentrations of precursors, time, and temperature conditions towards diffraction (xrd), ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), transmission electron microscopy (tem), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (fesem). The characterization results showed that increasing concentrations of sn and aa yielded increasing sizes of agnps, but vice versa for the addition concentrations of tc and ds. The xrd patterns confirmed distinct peaks at approximately 20 = 38.2, 44.4, 64.6, 77.6, and 81.7°, representing bragg’s reflections from the (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) planes of the face-centred cubic lattice phase of metallic silver while the uv-vis results recorded surface plasmon resonance in ranges of 414-452nm.
- PublicationSynthesis And Characterization Of Fe-Doped Zinc Oxide Rods(2014-12)Abd Aziz, Siti Nor Qurratu AiniChemical vapor deposition (cvd) technique is the most common vapor route technique uses by researchers to synthesize zno nanostructures. However, the current in-situ doping approaches using cvd do not give many flexibilities for the researchers to produce doped zno nanostructures. As the dopant solution is kept outside the furnace, the aerosol assisted - chemical vapor depostion (aa-cvd) is a potential in-situ doping technique because it offers many advantages such as flexibility of controlling the doping concentration, doping duration, type of dopant precursor and possibility of mass production of doped nanostructures. This project started by setting up a cvd system to synthesize undoped zno rods without using foreign catalyst. The study indicated that the optimum synthesis condition for synthesizing undoped zno rods was using 0.3 g zn powder, 30 min synthesis duration, and 5 cm distance of si substrates from zn powder at 650 °c. The average length, diameter, aspect ratio and areal density of undoped zno rods are 2.99 ±0.13 pm, 0.54 ± 0.05 pm, and 5.6 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.9 rods/pm , respectively. Subsequently, ex-situ fe-doping was performed via spray pyrolysis on the pre-grown zno rods. The physical properties of fe-doped zno rods prepared by ex-situ doping would be used to compare with the fe-doped zno rods prepared by in-situ doping in the subsequent phase.
- PublicationEffect of nickel catalyst on the formation of TIH2 experiemntal and numerical(2018-08-04)Aws Sadoon Mohammed Al JanabiThe formation of titanium hydride (TiH2) was studied in the presence of Nickel (Ni) and ammonia chloride (NH4CI) as a catalyst. Calcium hydride (CaH2) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) were used as a reactant in a hydrogen (H2(g)) atmosphere at 1 atm. Three parameters were investigated, temperature (A), Ni catalyst ratio to CaH2 weight (B), and reaction time (C). Temperature parameter was investigated at, 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C. The Ni catalyst percentage was varied between 10%, 30%, and 50% with respect to CaH2 weight. Reaction time was studied at 3, 4, and 5 hours. Design of experiment software was used to design the experiments while HSC software were used to determine thermodynamic calculations for predicting equilibrium composition. A shrinking core model (SCM) was used to predict the degree of dehydriding, XH (%). The synthesised product were characterised by XRD, SEM/EDS, CHNS, and weight gain calculations The phases detected via XRD were TiOCI, Ca(OH)2, CaCl2*(H2O)x, TiO2 (anatase & rutile), NiTiO3, and CaCIOH. The desired phase, TiH2 was assumed to be formed but reacted with Ni and moisture to form NiTiO3. The sample with the parameters of 500 °C, 50% catalyst, 3 hours of reaction time had the highest weight gain, Xw (%). In contrast, the sample with parameters of 300 °C, 50% catalyst, 3 hours of reaction time had lowest Xw (%). CHNS analysis had detected 2.1 wt.% of hydrogen in the highest Xw (%) sample. SEM/EDS showed the presence of TiO2, Ni, and CaCl2. Design expert software showed temperature was the most effective parameter for both of the responses, Xw (%) and XH (%).