Publication: Microwave sintering of undoped and (mg, fe) doped β-tcp bioceramic for bone substitutes
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Date
2022-04-01
Authors
Mangkonsu, Chuthathip
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Abstract
Over several past decades, synthetic calcium phosphate materials have had much attention for bone substitute and bone grafting applications. However, its drawbacks such as brittleness, lack of osteogenesis and angiogenesis had limited the application of the synthetic β-TCP. The addition of metal trace elements could exhibit positive influence on the biological response and the mechanical properties of β-TCP. Three compositions of powders, i.e undoped β-TCP (TCP), Mg2+ doped β-TCP (Mg+TCP) as well as Mg2+ and Fe3+ doped β-TCP (Mg+Fe+TCP), were prepared by mixing-milling of commercial TCP and the wet chemical synthesis method. Microwave sintering was employed to sinter the various samples and were compared to conventional sintering. When sintered by either microwave or conventional, the XRD patterns for both methods of synthesis showed peak shifting to a higher 2θ° which suggested the substitution of the ion dopants into the β-TCP structure was successful. The linear shrinkages, bulk density, apparent porosity and DTS of the
sintered undoped and doped samples were improved as the sintering temperature was raised, especially in the sintered doped samples from both mixing-milling and wet chemical synthesis methods. The physical and mechanical properties of the sintered Mg+Fe+TCP samples also exhibited optimum properties compared to the sintered Mg+TCP and TCP samples for both microwave and conventional sintering. Additionally, the microwave sintered of the Mg+Fe+TCPw (produced by wet chemical synthesis) at 1200 °C revealed the highest DTS value (15.9 MPa) compared to conventional sintered sample (12.7 MPa) by the same sintering parameters. However, with conventional sintering the DTS values was higher (14.4 MPa) but attained at higher temperature of 1300 °C for the sintered Mg+TCPm. Microwave sintering had been shown to be more effective to produced TCP at lower temperature with improved physical, structural and mechanical properties.