Publication: Solar cooling system to mitigate the Heat and voc emission in parked Vehicles under the sunlight.
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Date
2025-10
Authors
Hazem Abdelqader Atallah Alshakhanbeh
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Abstract
The greenhouse effect inside parked vehicles leads to excessive heat build-up and the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from interior materials, posing risks to occupant health, fuel efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This thesis presents an experimental investigation into the influence of solar radiation, interior material types, and solar-powered ventilation systems on cabin temperature, air quality, fuel consumption, and CO₂ emissions. The study was conducted in Amman, Jordan a region characterized by high solar radiation and extreme summer temperatures addressing a critical research gap in hot-climate vehicle studies. Three experimental stages were carried out. The first evaluated thermal conditions and air quality in vehicles parked under direct sunlight versus shade. Results showed that cabin temperatures reached up to 65.5 °C under sun exposure, with total VOC concentrations increasing by 75% compared to shaded vehicles. Leather interiors were found to intensify heat retention and emitted 17% more VOCs than fabric interiors.The second experiment examined the impact of a solar ventilation system on cabin temperature, fuel consumption, and CO₂ emissions. The system effectively reduced peak cabin temperature by 20 °C, lowered the daily average temperature difference by 10.7 °C, and resulted in a 42% reduction in fuel consumption and a 35% decrease in CO₂ emissions during idle air conditioning operation. The third experiment assessed the ventilation system's effect on VOC emissions, revealing a reduction in peak TVOC levels from 30 ppm to 9 ppm, with average concentrations 3–6 times lower than in non-ventilated vehicles. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of solar ventilation as a passive, low-cost solution to mitigate the greenhouse effect in vehicles, enhance in-cabin air quality, and improve overall vehicle energy efficiency particularly in high solar radiation climates like Jordan.